First, the reading skills of metrical poems
Generally speaking, metrical poems refer to China's classical quatrains and five-character and seven-character metrical poems. ? Ge? Is it a format? Law? It's a melody, including flat tones and rhymes. Metric poetry has strict requirements on the number of words, sentences, level tone, rhyme and antithesis.
According to the number of words and sentences, poems can be divided into three types, namely, metrical poems, arranged poems and quatrains.
Rhyme: There are five words and seven languages. Five-character rhyme, eight sentences per sentence, five words, * * * forty words. Pailv: Also called? Long method? , at least ten sentences, there are as long as one or two hundred sentences, mostly five words, very few seven words.
Quatrains: Also called? Intercept? , which means to intercept half the rhyme. The quatrains are also divided into five words and seven words. Wuyan
A quatrain consists of four sentences, five characters and twenty crosses. Seven-character quatrains have four sentences in each sentence, seven words in each sentence and twenty-eight words in * * *.
1, metrical poems pay attention to leveling, rhyming and antithesis.
Flat tones are determined according to the tones of ancient Chinese. The flat and flat format of regular poems is fixed, forming several formats. ? Ping? Middle finger in ancient Chinese? The voice is flat? What does it mean in modern Chinese? Flat tone? And then what? Yangping? . ? Hey? What does it mean in ancient Chinese? Up? 、? Go to the sound? And then what? Sound? . And in modern Chinese, what does it mean? Up? And then what? Go to the sound? . The level and level of poetry can diversify the tone and make people sound harmonious and pleasant.
The antithesis is in the couplets of sentences and dialogues (every two sentences are called? A link? The couplet of the previous sentence.
What's your name? Say something? What's the last sentence? Dialogue? ), put the words with the same nature side by side, such as noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, adverb to adverb, etc. Don't pay attention to antithesis, you don't need antithesis. There are many kinds of duality.
Rhyme refers to putting words with the same vowel in the same position (usually in? Dialogue? Rhyme is one of the indispensable conditions of metrical poetry, and it is also the common feature of general poetry.
In a word, metrical poems pay attention to flatness, antithesis and rhyme, and have their own beauty of rhythm and form. 2, 2, the recitation of metrical poems should be planned.
Every metrical poem has a certain number of sentences and the number of words in each sentence. It uses obvious meter to contain concentrated thoughts and feelings. Therefore, before reciting, we should refer to the specific semantics of the poem and divide it into certain paragraphs to express it.
Phrases are similar to beats in music. If there are more words in each phrase, the word density will be smaller. On the other hand, fewer words and higher density will lead to the difference of language flow speed. China's classical poems have regular rhythm and strong sense of rhythm, which are all reflected in the festival. The existence of the festival is an important symbol of metrical poems. Different metrical poems have different bars.
Therefore, drawing a good verse becomes the first step in reciting metrical poems.
The following focuses on the division of five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains.
Every sentence in China's classical poetry has a certain meaning? Number of meals? And there are rules to follow. General? Five-character poem? That is, two meals per sentence, two words or one word per meal, mainly the third word or the fifth word can be a meal. And then what? Seven-character poem? Compared with five-character poems, each sentence increases one meal to three meals, mainly because the fifth word or the seventh word can be a meal in one word. In fact, the rhythm of metrical poetry mainly lies in the flat and parallel lattice, and the arrangement of flat and parallel lattice is related to? Escape? Combined, a certain language segment is formed between London and London. Accordingly, we no longer need to define our own language segments. Can't we just divide it according to the above rules? It is true that it is possible to recite according to this law. It can have a strong sense of rhythm, taste and chanting, and sometimes it can effectively point to the eyes of poetry. But sometimes it will destroy the semantic integrity of poetry. So from this perspective, some poems can reduce the number of meals, change five-character poems into one meal, and change seven-character poems into two meals. In this way, the end of the poem can be semantically complete and people can hear it more clearly.
Example: Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night can be divided into two types:
(1) Before the bed? Ming? Moonlight,
Suspected? On the ground? Frost.
Look up? Hope? Bright moon,
Bow your head? Think? Hometown.
(2) before going to bed? Bright moonlight,
Suspected? Frost on the ground
Look up? Looking at the bright moon,
Bow your head? Miss home.
Example: "Baidicheng was released in advance"
(1) Speech? Bai Di? Cai Yun? Suddenly,
Thousands of miles? Jiangling? One day? also
Cross-strait? Ape sound? Cry? Cann't live,
Canoe? Did you pass? Wanzhong? hill
(2) speech? Bai Di? Between the clouds,
Thousands of miles? Jiangling? Return it within one day.
Cross-strait? Ape sound? Crying nonstop,
Canoe? Did you pass? Chung Shan Man.
Which of the above five-character poems and seven-character poems is more appropriate can be decided according to the specific situation of the poem. If it is used in the appreciation of ancient poems, the first case can be used a little better, because it can better reflect the metrical features of China's classical poems. In general recitation, dichotomy is good, because dichotomy can reflect the meaning of poetry more completely and clearly, and it will not be too rigid to recite. Especially when the last three words of a poem are an inseparable concept, it is even more necessary to recite it in this way, otherwise it will hurt the meaning because of the shape.
Step 3 keep rhyming
Words with the same vowel sound at the end of a poem are called rhymes. Mayakovski once said: Without rhythm, poetry will fall apart. Rhyme takes you back to the previous line and tells you to remember it and keep the lines that make up a meaning together. ? In China's classical poems, rhyme is extremely important. Without rhyme, it is difficult to call it a metrical poem. Rhyme is an important condition for the musicality of poetry language.
For example, "Spring Dawn". This is a metrical poem. When reciting this poem, you should pay attention to pronounce every word clearly and drip out the rhythm of the poem. Each line of poetry can be regarded as three pauses:
Spring sleep/unconsciously/dawn, everywhere/smell/birds singing. Night/rain/sound, flowers fall/know/how much.
Read it? Xiao, Bird, Shao? At this time, the pronunciation of the words should be appropriately lengthened, with a slightly chanting flavor, so that the audience can feel the beauty of rhyme and rhythm of the poem. The first two sentences are what the poet saw when he woke up in the morning. When reciting, he should use a soft and soothing tone and the volume should not be too high. ? Bird? The suffix can rise slightly, which shows that the poet has seen a beautiful scene of spring and flowers. The poet remembered how many flowers had fallen in the garden because of the stormy weather last night. Reading? How much does the flower know to fall? When you are busy, you should imagine the scene of falling flowers in the garden and reread it. Fall? Words, and then gradually reduce? Do you know how much? The volume of the three words shows the poet's regret for the fallen flowers.
Second, the recitation skills of free verse
Free verse is a kind of modern popular new poetry. There is no fixed format in terms of word number, sentence number, line number, paragraph number, level tone and rhyme, but there is rhythm and rhyme. When reading, we should pay attention to the following points:
1, grasp the emotional tone of poetry.
Poetry is usually full of passion, Ai Qing said? A rich and strong feeling for life is the first condition for writing poetry. Without it, you can't start writing poetry. ? There is always a certain tendency in the feelings of a poem, either heroic or sad; Joy, joy, grief and indignation? This forms the emotional tone of poetry.
For example, Taiwan Province poet Yu Guangzhong's poem "Homesickness" is a patriotic poem that misses the motherland and longs to return to the mainland. It expresses a strong desire for the reunification of the motherland in the form of a folk song, with a deep and melancholy tone.
2. Clarify the structural level of poetry.
After grasping the tone, we should further analyze the content and structure of poetry and make clear the level of its emotional changes.
For example, the poem "Homesickness" uses our national narrow, narrow, short and shallow layers to decorate stamps, boat tickets, graves and straits. There are eight short sonnets? Boss? Words show a distinct sense of rhythm.
3. Use imagination to express the artistic conception of poetry.
Poetry reflects social life in the simplest form, stimulates readers' imagination through typical pictures and completes the shaping of artistic image. When reading, it will be expressed with rich imagination, clear thinking and full passion. The scene is lyrical and there is love in the scene; Landscape, poetry and painting? Vivid image.
For example, Li Bai's poem "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" has a magnificent artistic conception. When reciting, we should convey our feelings by means of light or heavy, high or heroic, circuitous and slow, step by step, and show the audience the magnificent and colorful images in the poem.
4. Read the rhythm and rhyme of this poem.
Rhythm is the life of poetry, and the language rhythm of a poem full of phonological beauty is composed of stretched syllables, appropriate pauses and changeable tones. Grasping the rhythm is to divide syllables properly in poetry and express rich and specific emotional colors with changeable tones.
Example: the market in the sky in the first paragraph:
Distant/street lamp/sunny,
Like/in the sky/a star,
The sky/stars/lights are on,
Like/burn/countless/street lamps
Beautiful sentences present a wonderful illusion in the air, colorful, colorful and relaxed.
Rhythm brings wonderful reverie to the audience, so we should savor it carefully before reciting it and gradually become an artistic conception.
For example: sunflower
I wonder if the sun goes up during the day?
What is the secret? Listen, listen,
I'm teasing you. Keep your head down at night?
So curious? Think about it?
This is a folk poem. The imagination of this poem is novel and peculiar, which can fully show the intelligent and agile thinking characteristics of children, so it is full of innocent and immature childlike interest. This poem personifies sunflowers from the beginning. By who? Me? Ask it an interesting question, right? Me? The problem will also cause the small audience to think seriously. When reciting these two sentences, the speed should not be too fast, so we should pay attention to the natural pause to arouse the thinking of the small audience. ? I don't know/what's the secret on the sun/? Where should the stress fall in this sentence? I don't know. Secret? Go ahead. Do you know? And then what? What? The endings of the two words can be extended appropriately. The second sentence should be emphasized? Curious? , need to emphasize, strange? The end of a word should gradually disappear. The third sentence can be combined with children's innocence and love to play, with a light tone and proper rotation of the head and eyes. The last sentence should be in sharp contrast with the third sentence. Speak slowly and gently, and pay attention to the pause, leaving room for association and aftertaste for the small audience. In short, when reciting poetry, we should pay attention to the distinct rhythm and adopt the corresponding speed according to the basic rhythm of the work. Lightly carry your back lightly, and slowly carry the heavy ones calmly. As far as a poem is concerned, the reading speed is not fixed, but varies according to the needs of expressing the content of the work.
Exercise:
1. Analyze and recite the following metrical poems.
Wang Chun 1
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
2. Plug
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain.
3. Untitled
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing, and a hundred flowers are blooming.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.
There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! .
Second, analyze and recite the following free poem.
Say goodbye to Cambridge again
(Xu Zhimo)
I left quietly,
When I came softly;
I waved gently,
Say goodbye to the western clouds.
Golden willow by the river,
Is the bride in the sunset;
Shadows in the waves,
Ripple in my heart.
Green grass on the soft mud,
Oily, swaying at the bottom of the water;
In the soft waves of Cambridge,
I would like to be an aquatic plant!
A pool in the shade of elm trees,
Not a clear spring,
This is a rainbow in the sky,
Crushed between floating algae,
Precipitate a rainbow-like dream.
Looking for dreams?
Take a wormwood,
Back to the greener grass,
Full of stars,
Play songs in a starry place.
But I can't play songs,
Quiet is a farewell flute;
Summer insects are also silent for me,
Silence is Cambridge tonight!
I left quietly,
Just as I came quietly;
I waved my sleeve,