The development process of Song poetry: Song poetry is a process from nature to rationality and then back to nature, which mostly reflects the pursuit of rationality.
It can be roughly divided into the following stages:
1. Three-style poetry in the early Song Dynasty: a major school of white-style poetry formed by Xu Xuan and Wang Yuchen who imitated Bai Juyi, but they The poetry and diction are superficial. After that, Yang Yi, Liu Yun, Qian Weiyan and others tried their best to imitate Li Shangyin of the late Tang Dynasty, imitating his artistic style of good antithesis, use of allusions and eloquence, which is represented by "Xikun Sing Collection", which is called Xikun style. With Jia Dao and Yao He as his teachers, he mostly used line drawing techniques to write about reclusive life, with a pure and bitter poetic style, which is a late Tang style.
2. After the Qingli New Deal, Ouyang Xiu initiated the poetry innovation in the Northern Song Dynasty. They strived to get rid of the weak poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty and correct the superficiality of Xikun style. They began to pay attention to the ideological content of poetry, were good at argumentation, their language tended to be prose, and they mostly used ancient style in style. The style may be natural and smooth, fresh and relaxed, or ancient and steep. Their creations embarked on a plain road, which pioneered the style of Song poetry and basically determined the characteristics of Song poetry.
3. Later, Wang Anshi and Su Shi successively dominated the poetry circle. Wang Anshi's poems were rich in ideas and had strong political tendencies, while Su Dongpo used prose as poetry to develop the prose culture and argumentation of Song poetry. Later, Huang Tingjian founded the Jiangxi Poetry School, which was popular in the Song Dynasty for more than 200 years. These three heroes pushed Song poetry to a real peak.
4. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the national humiliation and grief and indignation formed the main theme of this period of literature, and the poems showed the mood of anger and pathos. The representative poets in this issue are Lu Benzhong, Zeng Ji, Chen Yuyi and others who were influenced by the Jiangxi Poetry School. However, their poems, especially Chen Yuyi's, are no longer completely under the influence of the Jiangxi Poetry School, but are closer to Du Fu.
5. In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the "four great poets of the Zhongxing Dynasty" emerged. Among them, Yang Wanli and Fan Chengda were new to the Jiangxi Poetry School, but both made their own breakthroughs. Yang Wanli's poetry is humorous and uses slang in his poems, but it also has a sense of life. It is called "Chengzhai Style". Fan Chengda is deep, reserved, elegant and luxurious. Lu You is the greatest poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. His poems are full of the melancholy of worrying about the country and the people, and of unrealized ambitions.
6. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the Yongjia Four Spirits and Jianghu Poetry School, including Jiang Kui, Liu Kezhuang and others, mostly wrote about the feelings of daily life and lingered on the natural scenery. The tone of the poems turned to indifference and sadness. The tendency to value emotions over rational interests appears.
7. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, the style of poetry changed again. Historical changes, the suffering caused by the change of dynasties, and the hatred of country and family made the style of poetry gloomy and tragic. Representatives include Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" and "Jinling". "Yi", "Song of Righteousness", etc.