Appreciation is a Chinese vocabulary, which means to appreciate and analyze (poetry, etc.). Through appreciation and analysis, a rational understanding is obtained, which is not only restricted by the image and content of artistic works, but also supplemented and perfected according to one's own thoughts and feelings, life experience, artistic views and artistic interests. The following is the original and appreciation of thirteen Tang poems in Nanyuan (the fifth) that I have compiled for you. Let's have a look.
Thirteen Songs in the South Garden (Part Five)
Li He
Why don't men take Wu Gou,
and collect fifty states in Guanshan?
Please come to Lingyange temporarily.
If you are a scholar, Wan Huhou!
Translation
Why don't men take weapons to recover the 5 states of Guansai River and Mountain, which were separated in the north and south of the Yellow River?
Please go to the Lingyan Pavilion for the time being and have a look. Which scholar was once named as the marquis of every household in the food city?
Note
Nanyuan: generally refers to a large piece of farmland in the south of the author's former residence of Changgu. Yang Qiqun's Textual Research on the Technical Names of Li He's Poems about Yongchang Valley states that the meanings of "Yuan" and "Garden" can be interlinked, and any large flat land in the south of Li He's house where the valley can be planted for food can be called "Nanyuan" or "Nanyuan".
Wu Gou: a sabre with a hooked head.
Fifty states: it refers to more than fifty states and counties in Shandong, Henan and Hebei that were occupied and separated by the vassal towns at that time.
temporarily: first, try.
Lingyan Pavilion: a hall for outstanding people in the Tang Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Emperor Taizong ordered Yan Liben to paint portraits of twenty-four people, including Changsun Wuji, in Lingyange in recognition of Taiyuan Shouyi and Qin Fu.
if: which. Wan Huhou: Marquis with a food city of 1, households, referring to the high position and generous position.
Appreciation
This poem is composed of two rhetorical questions, which are abrupt and radical, and express the feelings directly, expressing the pain of home and country and the sadness of life experience heartily.
The first question is a general question and a self-question, which contains the lofty sentiments of "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of a country". "Why don't men take Wu Gou?" The first sentence is urgent, followed by the second sentence "Collect fifty states in Guanshan", which is like a waterfall falling from a height, making it look magnificent. "Taking Wu Gou" refers to the action of joining the army, wearing a saber and going to the battlefield. How heroic that spirit is! "Recovering Guanshan" is the purpose of joining the army. The mountains and rivers are broken, and the people are in poverty. How can the poet stay in the countryside and do nothing? Therefore, he yearned for making contributions and serving the country. One or two sentences, fourteen words in one go, and the rhythm is bright, which is very consistent with the poet's high-spirited mood and urgent mood.
The word "why not" in the first sentence is very expressive. It not only constitutes a specific sentence (question), but also emphasizes the rhetorical tone, which enhances the power of the poem to convey feelings. Faced with the situation of raging fires and wars, the poet was extremely anxious and couldn't wait to go to the battlefield and defend his country immediately. "Why not" at such a time, self-questioning, is imperative, but also implies the critical military situation and the poet's own anxiety. In addition, it also makes people feel the poet's pent-up resentment. Li He, a scholar, has long been famous for his poems. He could have learned to become an official, but this road to entry was ruthlessly blocked by the feudal ethics of "avoiding his father and taboo", which made him have no chance to display his talents. The word "why not" means that it is really out of helplessness.
The word "take" for "fifty states in Guanshan" is easy to lift weights and has the potential to break bamboo, vividly expressing the poet's eager desire to save the country. However, how easy is it to "collect fifty states in Guanshan"? Scholar's spirit can't naturally achieve the great cause of recovering Guanshan, but if you want to get rid of the sad situation in front of you, you have to go through a military career and kill the enemy to make achievements. This contradiction highlights the poet's anger and injustice.
"Please go to Lingyan Pavilion temporarily. Are you a scholar Wan Huhou?" The poet asked, "Who is a scholar?"? Here, the poet uses rhetorical questions instead of declarative sentences, and the meaning of complaining is more intense. It seems that the poet set off the necessity of joining the army from the opposite side, but in fact he further expressed his angry feelings of being incompetent. From high-spirited agitation to melancholy and sorrow, we can see not only the brushwork of contrast, but also the ups and downs of rhythm, echoing in the urgency. In this way, the poet expresses his complex thoughts and feelings in the rhythm of poetry, so that readers can deepen their understanding and feelings of the theme from the infection of rhythm.
"Please go to Lingyan Pavilion temporarily, if you are a scholar Wan Huhou." The last two sentences of the poem say, please go to the Lingyange, which is painted with founding heroes, and have a look. Which scholar was once named Wan Huhou?
The poet asked: Who was a scholar when he was appointed to pay homage to the marquis and painted like Lingyan Pavilion? Here, the poet uses rhetorical questions instead of declarative sentences, and the meaning of complaining is more intense. It seems that the poet is setting off the necessity of joining the army from the opposite side, and in fact, he is further expressing his angry feelings of being incompetent. From high-spirited agitation to melancholy and sorrow, we can see not only the brushwork of contrast, but also the ups and downs of rhythm, echoing in the urgency. In this way, the poet expresses his complex thoughts and feelings in the rhythm of poetry, so that readers can deepen their understanding and feelings of the theme from the infection of rhythm.
Appreciation of Li Heshi
Since the "An Shi Rebellion" that lasted for eight years in the Tang Dynasty, the power of centralization has been greatly weakened, and the local provinces and autonomous regions have formed a separatist force. They do not obey the central government decrees, and their father died and their children succeeded, resulting in a situation of "separatist regions and autonomous regions" that split the country. Li He's lyric poem and the following two poems were produced under such circumstances at that time.
Li He returned to Changgu after resigning from his post as Feng Lilang. At this time, he had a fierce struggle in thought and set off waves of thought. Under the control of the thought of making contributions to the country, Li He had the idea of joining the army. I wrote this poem in one go.
By this time, the poet's thoughts had flown over the mountain and reached the front line of pacifying the buffer region. He seemed to see himself riding on a burly horse, waving the shiny Wu Gou and galloping across the battlefield. At this time, he seems to be asking himself a question in his fantasy: why don't men wear swords and knives and go to the battlefield to recover the beautiful mountains and rivers of fifty States occupied by rebels and thieves?
The question begins here, revealing the poet's heroic momentum, high-spirited mood and urgent mood. Broken mountains and rivers, personal experience, can not help but he is not eager to make contributions, do a career, serve the country, but also change the plight of his talent.
Three or four sentences follow one or two sentences, and continue to use the syntax of rhetorical questions to further express strong feelings. "If a scholar Wan Huhou?" How many scholars are there in Drawing Lingyange, which is regarded as the highest praise in feudal society? These twenty-four heroes all fought and fought on the battlefield in the war! This is envy, yearning, self-shame, and it also contains a kind of anger at the unfortunate experience of one's own talent. From the whole poem, although there is anger, it is not low, not sad, but intense and inspiring!
Poetry is created in one breath, and the momentum is pouring down; However, because feelings are complex and mixed, there are ups and downs and twists and turns in rhyme from the internal implication of poetry.
expansion: the sixth
old carving insects,
xiao yue as a curtain holding a jade bow.
I don't see the Liao Sea every year,
Where does the article cry about the autumn wind?
This is a narrative poem written at the same time as the last one. The last song is a positive account of his feelings of joining the army and contributing to the recovery of the 5-state territory separated by the buffer region; This one is from the opposite side-denying learning literature and thinking that learning literature will not help.
The first two sentences of the poem construct a picture of studying hard at the window. In these two sentences, "Xiao" is a poetic eye. Another night is about to die, and when the dawn is coming, a touch of cold dawn has been faintly revealed on the sky; A waning moon hangs in front of the window, emitting a pale corner. The poet is still in the bleak and bleak atmosphere at the window, searching for chapters and sentences, and getting some poems and verses like small tricks. It seems that he will die in this environment.
This sad atmosphere, this sad experience, arouses readers' deep sympathy, and also causes readers to think with a heavy heart:
Yes, is this the way to die? This is exactly what the poet thought when he painted this picture! Therefore, the life that used to make the poet so fascinated by books and mountains and wandering in the sea of poetry now seems so cold and lonely, small and humble.
In this scene, the poet's ideological wings have taken off again, and it has crossed the vast waters of Qian Shan, crossed the vast space, and reached the area where Hebei Road belongs. There is fighting every month here, and swords and swords are everywhere, and those articles that are sad in autumn, even if they are like Song Yu's feelings of worrying about the country and the people, are not beneficial to the country in dire straits? The poem is even more painful and sad when written here. A poet who has always regarded creation as the main content of his life has actually issued a wail about the usefulness of his article. This wail is the poet's heart bleeding, and it is a call to tear people's hearts when his heart is boiling!
Some people say that this poem is obscure and tortuous, while others say that this poem is implicit, which seems to miss the point. The characteristic of this poem is precisely clarity, and the fire of the soul is spewing. The first two sentences seem to be implicit, but this is only the accumulation of poetry, which fills the momentum and makes potential savings for the eruption of the last two sentences.
expansion: Seventh,
Chang Qing is sad and empty,
Man Qian's humor is taken from his capacity.
See Mairuo Yexi Water Sword,
The Ming Dynasty returned to the service of Monkey King.
after writing the above two poems, the poet's thoughts continue to expand and rise, and he is going to put them into action. The first two sentences follow the thinking track of the last song "writing is useless", and people's thoughts transcend time, returning time to the space a thousand years ago, and seeing such a great talent as Sima Xiangru and Dong Fangshuo, an outstanding figure who is known as smart and witty.
What happened to these two historical figures makes people feel even sadder. One is that the family is surrounded by four walls and poor and miserable; One is that he can't realize his ambition. In order to be accepted by the society, he can only hide himself in a humorous way. As a result, he becomes a clown, leaving a disgraceful reputation of "Xunyou". Talent and wit, such as Sima Xiangru and Dong Fangshuo, are still the same in the literary field, and it is not difficult to predict the result of learning literature. This is the poet's thought of carrying on the last poem, thinking of the sufferings of ancient characters, thus emphasizing his belief that learning literature is useless.
three or four sentences are his action plan. After the ideological contradiction and hesitation in the last two poems, the poet is firm and he will take action. Buy a sword, find a master with high martial arts skills, learn martial arts, and then gallop on the battlefield, do something, and strive for the achievement of painting on Lingyan Pavilion. Find your own way out in the front-line military curtain, contribute to the country, and make contributions.
On the surface, it seems that the poet has found a way out and his mood has turned into high spirits. However, from the poet's heart, he is not willing to abandon the martial arts and join the army. This is just a manifestation of rebellious psychology and emotional grief in reality.
The description of historical figures and the actual situation in the poem combines the past and the present, which makes the poet's emotion have a strong sense of historical depth and realistic image.
expansion: thirteen songs in the south garden (part I)
Li He
The flowers and grass are blooming in the eyes, and the small white ones are long and red with Yue Nv cheeks.
poor sunset, fragrance falling, marriage and spring breeze don't need media.
Translation:
In the spring of Nanyuan, flowers are blooming and colorful. In a piece of red flowers, dotted with white flowers, they are all as beautiful as Vietnamese beauty. It's a pity that at dusk, all the flowers wither and fall red all over the ground. In fact, just because the flowering period has passed, the spring breeze blows and falls involuntarily.
Appreciating
Thirteen poems in the South Garden were written by Li He when he resigned from his post and returned to his hometown to live in Changgu. The South Garden and the "North Garden" mentioned in Four New Bamboo Shoots in Changgu North Garden are both poets' homes. This group of poems is the first-hand information to understand and study Li He's thoughts and life during his stay in his hometown, which is very valuable.
This is a poem that describes the scenery of the South Garden and laments the falling flowers in spring and evening. The first two sentences are written in bloom. Spring returns to the earth, and the south garden is full of flowers, which is gorgeous and colorful. The "flower branches" in the first sentence refer to woody flowers, "grass vines" refer to herbal flowers, and "flower branches and grass vines" summarize all the flowers in the garden. Among them, the "flower branches" are high, and the "grass vines" are low. One is strong, the other is gentle, and uneven level has a myriad of gestures. Li He's poems are exquisitely conceived and pregnant, which can be seen here. The second sentence "little white and long red" describes the color of flowers, meaning that there is more red and less white. "Yue Nv's cheek" is the association that comes from it. It compares delicate flowers to the cheeks of beautiful women in Vietnam, endowing things with the quality of a certain person, which makes them look particularly energetic.
write the last two sentences. In bloom, Japan and China, it's beautiful to see colorful flowers in front of you. However, the good times did not last long. At dusk, flowers withered and red everywhere. The word "pity" expresses the poet's deep feeling of infinite regret. It is to cherish flowers and spring, and it is also a self-injury and mourning. At that time, Li He was only in his twenties. He was a promising young man, but he was not valued by the authorities, just like when flowers were in full bloom, no one appreciated him. It is sad to think that beauty is hard to last for a long time. "Falling flowers are no longer spring", and when the flowers are old, they will never be able to restore their old looks and vitality. The last sentence uses anthropomorphic techniques to write the state of being involuntarily when the flowers fall. "Marriage and spring breeze don't need media", committing to the spring breeze, without the help of a matchmaker, without any hindrance, seems to be wishful thinking. In fact, flowers are not willing to leave this branch and drift with the wind, just because the heyday has passed and they are unable to support it. When the spring breeze passes, they fall involuntarily. The word "marry" in this sentence reflects the word "Yue Nv's cheek" in the second sentence, which makes it more bitter and bitter. It was in full bloom at that time, with bright colors, just like the beauty in Xi Shi's hometown. Nowadays, "getting married" is already a flower-disabled "old man", and it is not a restoration of the appearance at that time, and it is a double disappointment to caress the present and recall the past. The ending is graceful and deep, which creates a strong tragic atmosphere. This seven-character quatrain is a rare lyric masterpiece, which is mainly composed of fu pen and bi xing technique, fresh and euphemistic, and unique in style