A. Ban Gu's Ode to an Epic is considered to be the first epic in the history of China's poetry. This poem is about the story of Ti Ying who gave his life to save his father during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. Writing is "hidden here, without any modification", focusing on narrative skills, and the last two sentences are the author's comments. The whole poem is written "without words".
B. Zuo Si's Eight Poems on History truly combines "poetry" with "history", which makes the narrative of historical events better combined with historical singing, and makes the poetry singing physique look brand-new. An analysis of chanting epic poems and cherishing ancient poems in Tang dynasty;
⑴. Poem-chanting in the early Tang Dynasty: Taking history as a mirror, praising the rise and fall of the late Tang Dynasty to warn today's monarchs has become an important theme of poem-chanting in the early Tang Dynasty. Most of these poems contain historical events and few interesting elements. Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty and famous poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty all wrote many epics with a wide range of themes, from the old events in wuyue in the Spring and Autumn Period to the dissoluteness of Yang Di, which became the objects of poets' chanting.
In addition, expressing the embrace of making contributions with history is also a major theme of the early Tang epic. The most representative ones are Yan Zhaowang and Youzhou Tower in Chen Ziang's seven poems "You Gu Qiu Ji".
(2) Poem-chanting in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: Poem-chanting in the prosperous Tang Dynasty entrusted the poet's desire for fame and showed his eager attitude of making progress. For example, Wang Wei's Xi Shi Yong, Yimen Pavilion, Li Bai's Antique, and On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing belong to this category. Du Fu's epic poems express his feelings for society. Such as book fragrance and eight-array diagram.
(3) Poem-chanting in the middle and late Tang Dynasty: The glorious peak of poem-chanting was in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. With the rapid decline of the Tang Empire, the reality of the Anshi Rebellion, the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, the brief glory of the Sui Empire and other old things, like a huge shadow hanging over the poet's head from time to time, left them a broader world to look back on the past. Poets reminisce about the past, or warn the rulers of the current dynasty (taking history as a mirror), or lament the decline of the Tang empire (borrowing the past to hurt the present), or express their fears under the cover of their lair (borrowing the past to express their feelings). By paying tribute to historical events and figures, or paying tribute to historical sites, we can criticize the shortcomings of the times and pin our arms on them. Liu Yuxi is the champion of epic poets at this time. Wu Yi Xiang and Jin Sai Shan Nostalgia are both masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. Others include Song of Eternal Sorrow (Bai Juyi), Poems of Lotus Palace (Yuan Zhen), Poems of Golden Copper Immortals in Han Dynasty (Li He), Song of Xia Sai (Li Yi), Three Poems of Qing Palace, Wu Jiang Pavilion (Du Mu) and Sui Palace.
Li Shangyin and Du Mu were the most outstanding poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. In the late Tang Dynasty, when the vassal regime was divided, the eunuchs monopolized power, and the state power declined, poets often chose the emperors who were famous for a while in history (even the present Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty) to satirize and expose the fact that their greed and disregard for historical lessons eventually destroyed their country and warned the world with historical facts. They can be called China's holy hand in praising history and cherishing ancient poems.
On the Ci Poems of Ode to History and Nostalgia in Song Dynasty;
(1), praising history and remembering the past are also important contents in Song Ci. Wang Anshi's Gui Zhixiang expressed his feelings about the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties and turned to his worries about reality. Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia expresses his life feelings by chanting Zhou Yu. He Zhu's "Drinking Near" (The Road Under the City) satirizes fame and fortune and holds his chest. Zhou Bangyan's Xihe O Jinling Nostalgia contains a strong sense of historical vicissitudes, and he is good at using the poems of his predecessors in his writing. In the past hundred years, although famous works such as Fei Ming Qu, Gui Zhi Ling Nostalgia (Wang Anshi), Nian Nujiao Nostalgia on Red Cliff (Su Shi), Li Su Portrait (Hui Hong) and Juejuesheng (Li Qingzhao) have appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are few penetrating opinions and Li Qingzhao in more historical works.
(2) In the Southern Song Dynasty, the poems about history and reminisce about the present, expressing the ambition of the Northern Expedition to resist gold, with a generous and tragic style. For example, Xin Qiji's poems such as Nanxiangzi O's Going to the Jingkou Pavilion, Yonghele O's Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia, and Shuilongyin O's Crossing the South Sword and Shuangxi Bridge perfectly combine the praise of history with the expression of feelings, while Liu Guo's Song Tou (Huai Mayor) pained Chen Jinbing's crime and the rulers' bias towards the rise and fall of Yangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu You and Xin Qiji lived in the most intense era of confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties. Not long after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the pain is still there. The Southern Song Dynasty still had the heart to recover lost territory. At this time, Xin and Lu climbed high into the distance, and their works of reminiscing about the past came into being, including Shui Deng Jian Kang Xin Ting, Nian Nujiao I Come to Nostalgia, Yong Yu Le Jing Kou Ting Nostalgia (Xin Qiji), Reading History, longxing temple Diao Shao Ling Ju and Jin Zhai Tang Di.
Before and after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was another shock wave on the altar of chanting poems. Wang Yuanliang, Wen Tianxiang, Liu Chenweng and Zhang Yan, faced with the broken mountains and rivers and the rampage of other nationalities, tried their best to turn the tide, or silently shed tears of adherents. Although there is no lack of grief and indignation in their poems about history, it is more because of the sadness and helplessness of the country's destruction and death, which adds a touch of cold and sad light to China's poems about history and nostalgia.
On Liao and Jin's Historical Poems;
In the Liao and Jin poetry circles at the same time as the Song Dynasty, there were few poems and even fewer chants, among which Yuan Haowen's Crossing Jinyang Old Town, Xiyuan, Chibi Map and Yi's Feelings for Ma Lishan were excellent works.
A brief analysis of the historical poems and nostalgic poems in Yuan Dynasty;
Although the achievements of Yuan poetry were obviously inferior, the poetic circles in Yuan Dynasty were very lively, leaving more than 30,000 poems and a large number of lyrics and songs. Poetry in Yuan Dynasty (including words and songs) is unique. In order to restrict the participation of Han people in politics, the imperial examination was abolished for nearly 80 years from the ninth year of Yuan Taizong (1237), which made scholars who wanted to enter the imperial examination lose hope and their status plummeted. In addition, most of the poets in the early Yuan Dynasty entered the Yuan Dynasty from Song and Jin, and their adherents had a strong color. Therefore, on the one hand, the poetry of the Yuan Dynasty always reveals the thoughts of the old country and the feeling of vicissitudes; On the other hand (mainly in Yuanqu), the number of works lamenting the impermanence of the world, lamenting the thorns in the world, and abandoning the world to live in seclusion has increased obviously, and the language is absurd, showing the author's negative and gloomy mentality. The former is represented by Ye Luchucai's Feeling of Spring in a Qinyuan, Fang Hui's Book of the Mountain and the White Ditch in Song Lizong, and Zhao Mengfu's Tomb of Wang Yuee. The latter is represented by Ma Zhiyuan's "Double Tone Breaking" (ovary shoes, buying minister firewood), Guan Yunshi's "Double Tone Courtyard Music" (loyal minister, jumping on the Miluo River) and Zhang's "Zhonglu Music" (dissoluble Sao), which is unique in the history poems.
An analysis of historical poems and nostalgic poems in Ming dynasty;
In the Ming Dynasty, there were many masters who wrote poems about history before the Song and Yuan Dynasties and after the Qing Dynasty. Liu Ji and Gao Qi in the early Ming Dynasty, Li Mengyang, Wang Shizhen and He Jingming in the middle period, and Chen Zilong, Gu Yanwu and Qu Dajun in the later period all wrote many famous poems. The theme of epic poems in Ming Dynasty is more extensive, from pre-Qin to Song and Yuan Dynasties, poems of various schools in late Ming Dynasty are full of affection.
An analysis of the Qing dynasty s poems about history and nostalgia;
Qing Dynasty is another peak of epic after the late Tang Dynasty. Qian, Wu and other great poets who condescended to be sincere in the early Qing Dynasty, due to their special experiences, their poems about history and nostalgia reflect their yearning for the motherland and their inner pain in a tortuous way. Lin Zexu and Gong Zizhen before and after the Opium War, and Huang Zunxian, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao's poems during the reform and reform period in the late Qing Dynasty were even more concerned about the country and the people and wanted to strengthen the country with history. For example, Wu's Feeling of Crossing Huaiyang, Qinhuai, Gong Zizhen's Poems, Huang Zunxian's Tian Heng Island and Kang Youwei's Autumn Wangtai are all influential epics.