The following is the original text of Wen Xin Diao Long Melody and the translation of China Classical Encyclopedia. For more classical Chinese, please pay attention to the query!
tone
Author: Liu Xie
Husband's temperament begins with his voice. The harmony between the palace merchants originated from the blood, and the former king made music for it. An old friend wrote vocals, and voices were not learned. Therefore, the speaker, the key of the article, is the cardinal of the gods, breathing, breathing, and kissing on the lips. In the ancient Song Dynasty, I slapped the law first, which made me cry in the palace, and Xu Huzhong levied. The palace is loud, and the feathers are under the sound; Jiao Ran can be divided into two parts: fighting against the bad mouth, saving the bad lips and teeth, and being honest and accurate. Today, if you don't play the piano well, you just know how to change it, and your writing is abnormal, but you don't know what to tune. Playing on another string is very harmonious, arousing my heart and even losing harmony. What's wrong with it? Good listening is easy to observe from the outside but difficult to listen from the inside. Therefore, it is easy to listen to the outside, the strings are fixed, the inside is ugly, and the voice and heart compete; You can count, but you can't quit
Every sound is sinking, and the sound is double-folded. Double tones are separated by words, and every sentence is repeated, which must be seen; When sinking, the sound is broken, when flying, the sound does not return, and the pulley contacts. Compared with lamella, it will go back and forth when it meets, which is a disease and eaten by literati. Husband eats literature as the topic, is born in the paradox of goodness, and pursues novelty and interest, so his throat and lips contend; If you want to untie this knot, you must break it. Left obstacle and seek right, at the end of stagnation, the sound turns to a kiss, Lingling is like jade; Bad words are like pearls. It is to paint a beautiful picture with sound and send it to chant. The taste flows in the next sentence, and the wind is poor in harmony. Different sounds are subordinate to sum, and homophones correspond to rhyme. If the rhyme is certain, the lingering sound is easy to occur; And the body is bound, it is difficult to make a sound. It is easy to write skillfully, difficult to choose harmony, difficult to compose music and easy to rhyme. Although the meaning of fiber has changed, it is impossible to talk about it, but it is impossible to talk about it.
If the palace is harmonious, it will blow; Looking back, bring all of them here. It's quite like tuning an instrument. He moved the column, so sometimes he is good; Including the fixed tube, is omni-directional. Chen Si, Pan Yue, blowing the tune; The sum of Lu Ji, Zuo Si and Su Zhu. In a word, you can make an analogy.
The poet's comprehensive rhyme is more clear, while "Songs of the South" is Chu, so the rhyme is actually complicated. As for Zhang Hua's theory of rhyme, it is said that most scholars are Heng and Chu, and Wen Fu is not easy. It can be said that the title is even and the yellow bell rings. Where the rhyme cuts, the situation changes; The falsetto works are good examples. If you don't care about it, there is nothing greater than it. Practice talents, practice words and learn a little. When it comes to sound, if the wind is too strong, the sound of the south will blow to the ear. Ancient jade, left palace and right sign, in order to save its steps, sound without losing order. The voice has laws to follow, but it can be awkward!
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The subject matter is far away, but closer than the sound. Set your mind free, adjust your clock and kiss your lips.
Salt plum sound, slippery elm hibiscus sound. Palace merchants can't hide.
Classical Chinese translation:
Rhythm is the thirty-third article of Wen Xin Diao Long. Liu Xie's so-called "pronunciation of phonetic symbols" consists of seven chapters, from "temperament" to "practicing words" This part mainly discusses some problems in rhetoric skills, and discusses these problems theoretically. This paper focuses on the application of melody, and also discusses some theoretical problems in melody.
The full text is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the necessity of studying temperament to literary creation. Liu Xie believes that temperament comes from the summary of people's pronunciation rules, and language is not only an important tool to express ideas, but also a "key" to form literary works, which is one of the reasons why temperament should be studied. Language has different tones, and different pronunciation parts will be different. How to master these characteristics and make the use of language suitable for palace businessmen is the second reason why we must study temperament. Finally, from the difference between human pronunciation and musical instrument pronunciation, it shows that the law of human pronunciation is not easy to master, and it is necessary to study the theory of temperament.
The second part mainly discusses the melody in writing theoretically. It involves the coordination of disyllabic, reduplicative and even tones, as well as harmony and rhyme. Liu Xie is in the primary stage of the formation of four tones. At that time, although most phonologists used the ancient five tones to speak four tones, their characteristics were basically clear. The name "Shang Ping Jin" was not widely used at that time, but judging from the "Shang Ping Jin, the rest of the disease declined" in the Preface to Poetry, it may have been used in the practice of poetry creation during the Qi and Liang Dynasties when Liu Xie lived. Although Liu Xie didn't talk about up and down in this article, the basic principle of the complicated cooperation between leveling and leveling is quite clear. Liu Xie's and Shen Yue's understanding is similar, but they only pay attention to the natural melody and don't put forward complicated regulations that are far from the meaning.
The third part mainly talks about the advantages and disadvantages of pronunciation and dialect with specific writers, and further summarizes the necessity of mastering the correct melody. Liu Xie believes that if the correct phonology is used, the situation will turn for the better and there will be no discomfort; Using the wrong rhyme, such as square chisel, is difficult to reconcile. This makes sense. However, he definitely took The Book of Songs as the representative, but he was not satisfied with the Chu sound in The Songs of Chu, and repeatedly denounced The Songs of Chu as "false rhyme" and "false sound", which was obviously related to the orthodox thought of his religious classics. Miscellaneous use of dialects in poetry and prose may lead to phonological disharmony, but for literary works, dialects should not be completely excluded, let alone used to distinguish "pronunciation" from "falsetto" and belittle "Chuci".
( 1)
Temperament originated from human voice. The human voice has five tones, which come from innate qi. Ancient emperors made music and composed songs according to the five tones of human voice. It can be seen that the sound of musical instruments is the expression of human voices, not the imitation of musical instruments by human voices. Therefore, language is the key to the composition of the article and the hub to express ideas; As for the phonology of language, it is to seek its harmony with human tone. In ancient times, when teaching singing, we should first ponder the method of pronunciation, so that crying is suitable for Gong Yin and Xu Hu is suitable for Andrew. It belongs to the characteristic sound and feather sound of unvoiced sound, and the palace and upper sound of voiced sound are weak; High throat sounds are different from straight tongue sounds, convergent lip sounds are different from sharp teeth sounds, and strong sounds are relative to weak sounds: these differences are obvious. If the sound is not harmonious when playing the piano, you will naturally know the tuning column; If the melody is out of tune when writing an article, it is not easy to figure out where to tune it. The sound from the strings can still make it harmonious, but the sound from the author's heart can't be harmonious. What is the reason? The main reason is that the external sound is easy to identify and the internal sound is not easy to identify. The sound outside is easy to master, because you can decide the strings by hand; Inner voice is difficult to control, because voice and mind are confused. This can only be solved by mastering temperament skills, and it is difficult to explain it in words.
(2)
Some words fly, some words are deep, some words are disyllabic, and some words rhyme; When disyllabic words are separated by other words, they are often discordant, and the separation of rhyming words in two places will inevitably violate the melody; The sound of a sentence is all low, the sound is dying, and it is all high, so it is not euphemistically rising: the low audio-visual images should be staggered like pulleys and arranged neatly like scales of ichthyosaurs; A slight disorder in the proper coordination of temperament will hinder the former and the latter. This kind of trouble is the stuttering of literati. The root of stuttering lies in the author's love for strangeness; Pursuing novelty wholeheartedly will cause confusion in pronunciation. If you want to get rid of this problem, you must first resolutely cut off your strange hobbies. If the left side is blocked, try to find a way from the right side. If the back is delayed, clear the front, which will make the sound turn in your mouth, like a vibrating jade jingle; Sweet words are like a string of pearls. Therefore, the works express their thoughts and feelings by chanting, the taste of poetry is revealed from the arrangement of sentences, and the kung fu lies in the harmony of sentences and the rhyme at the end of sentences: the proper coordination of different tones is called harmony, and the words with the same rhyme are called rhyme. The rhyme at the end of the sentence is fixed, and the rest of the rhyme is easy to handle after it is determined; The harmony of sentences is high or low, so it is difficult to coordinate between sentences. General prose is easy to write exquisitely, but it is difficult to reconcile the temperament of an essay. Although poetry writing is not easy to be refined, it is easy to rhyme. There are many subtle and inconspicuous changes in the melody. Although you can't say them all, you can't basically say them.
(3)
As for the overall harmony of melody, it is like playing with multiple voices; Using phonology in a roundabout way is like reconciling a more complicated instrument. Harmonic consonants need to move strings, so disharmony often occurs; The pipes and holes are fixed, so any playing can be consistent. The works of Cao Zhi and Pan Yue seem to be blowing everywhere. The works of Lu Ji and Zuo Si, like the works of tuned instruments, are often inconsistent. This is just a general idea, and the works of other writers can be compared. In addition, the author of The Book of Songs uses clear and accurate phonology. Chu Ci uses Chu's voice, so there is a lot of confusion. Zhang Hua's Theory of Phonology in the Western Jin Dynasty once said that Lu Ji's works are full of Chu sounds. His Chu sound is like the "unchangeable" of the prose. This can be said to be the lingering sound of Qu Yuan's works, which is contrary to elegance. Proper phonology is like the rotation of a circular object; Inconsistent phonology is more difficult to use than putting a square tenon in a round hole. If you can avoid gouging tenons in your writing, you won't have a big problem. Authors with profound temperament should carefully analyze the sound of words; An author who doesn't know much about melody sounds like the sound of distant wind passing through a hole in an object, or Mr. Nan Guo's nonsense. The ancients wore jade articles, and the sound on the left was in harmony with the sound of the palace, and the sound on the right was in harmony with the sound of the sign, which made the walking have a certain degree, so the sound was not chaotic; Besides, how can we easily ignore the use of phonology to make poetry harmonious?
(4)
In short, the expression of emotions should be lofty; Arrange the rhyme, it will be no problem. Voice comes from the heart, and coordination lies in tone. The rhyme should be properly matched with salted plum hydrochloride, elm and viola, which is delicious; As long as those unhealthy voices are eliminated, harmonious palace merchants will naturally become obvious.
Chinese Translation and Translation of Classical Chinese