Beethoven 1770 was born in Bonn, Germany, 38 years younger than Haydn and 14 years younger than Mozart. Beethoven's father is also a musician, but not as cultivated as Mozart's father. The father discovered Beethoven's musical talent, and only wanted to train the child into a Mozart-style prodigy, make money for him early, and satisfy his bad habit of drinking. Therefore, little Beethoven received an inhuman and even cruel "education". Until 12 years old, I met a real teacher named Nie Fei and gave him the necessary knowledge.
Beethoven thanked him all his life. /kloc-When he was 0/3 years old, Beethoven worked in music and kept learning. Bach and Gandel had the greatest influence on him. The rapid growth of piano performance and composition ability made him eager to visit Mozart in Vienna as a teacher. In Vienna, Mozart said: "This young man will soon become famous all over the world." Unfortunately, Beethoven soon returned to Bonn because of his mother's death. 1792, he was a teacher in Baton, Vienna. Personality traits were soon discovered between teachers and students.
Different, there is no lasting teaching relationship. Apart from personality, we can't forget the period when Haydn established classical music, but Beethoven wanted to end it. But they have respected each other all their lives.
By the time Beethoven was 30 years old, his hearing had already shown signs. After the age of 30, he became worse and worse, and then he completely lost his hearing. For musicians, there is nothing more fatal than this. He tried to commit suicide several times and even wrote his last words. But after a painful and fierce ideological struggle, he finally defeated the ruthless blow of fate with extraordinary courage and superhuman perseverance. His great sense of artistic mission dispelled the idea of death, and he wanted to devote all his blood and life to continuing the sacred music art. Many of his important works
It was written after hearing loss. When we get great spiritual strength and lofty beauty enjoyment from his infinite magnificent music, we can't help being moved by his Prometheus-style dedication.
Beethoven's later years were quite difficult, and he died in poverty in Vienna on 1827. He left many precious and rich music creations for future generations. His symphonies, concertos, chamber music, piano music and so on. , has and will always reverberate in concert halls around the world.
Beethoven's piano music is no stranger to the audience in China. At least To Alice (also known as To Alice), written in 18 10, has long been a household name. According to music researchers, this song was originally dedicated to his student Treize marfa. When it was published, Trezee was mistakenly written as Alice, which led to today's name. However, this misunderstanding does not affect our appreciation of this lovely little song. This is a sketch by Beethoven. His sketches, dance music, Rondo and especially variations.
Play music, etc. One of them, minuet in g major, is also familiar to everyone. The tune is:
Most of these works are exclusive, reflecting a certain state of mind or interest in life. There are only some changes with some dramatic factors. Beethoven's piano sonata truly represents the highest achievement of piano music, which is a milestone in the history of piano music.
piano sonata
During the 27 years from 1795 to 1822, Beethoven composed 32 piano sonatas, which almost accompanied his whole creative career. These sonatas, along the road pioneered by Haydn and Mozart, give full play to the potential expressive force of this style and accommodate Beethoven's passion and his various thoughts and feelings about society, history and nature. The piano is a musical instrument,
It has also exerted unprecedented power and truly become the "emperor" of the country of musical instruments. Therefore, in response to Bach's "Twelve Constant Temperature Piano Music Collections" being called the Old Testament, Beethoven's "Thirty-two Piano Sonatas" being called the New Testament has become another classic in piano art.
Here, according to the chronological order of the works, I will appreciate a few of them.
No 1, sonata in f minor, written in 1795, dedicated to Haydn as "32".
The first song. Four movements, the first movement is sonata style, Allegro, the first theme:
Concise, jumping and serious. The second theme:
The smooth falling line suddenly rises at the last note, and the F note tells the pain in my heart.
These two themes contrast with each other and develop alternately in the development department. The whole structure is concise and rigorous. Although there are still influences from Haydn and Mozart, as the "first song", it has been extraordinary, initially showing Beethoven's personality characteristics.
Second movement in f major, adagio. Beautiful melody, has begun to show the expression of Beethoven's meditation:
The third movement in F minor is called minuet, which is not as easy as "dancing".
The fourth movement, in F minor, is very fast. At the beginning, the torrent of the left triplet and the decisive rhythm of the right hand are coming:
In addition to the contrasting singing melody in A major in the middle section, the fast triplet and decisive rhythm are constantly intertwined, always maintaining tension and excitement.
A music critic of that era wrote this impression after listening to Beethoven's performance: "I listened to the lovely Beethoven, one of the greatest pianists ... and I found that he was trying to open up a completely unique road." Beethoven wrote this sonata at the age of 24, which can verify the critics' impression.
A few years later, on 1798, Beethoven published the third movement of Sonata No.5 in C minor.
The nature of the first theme of the first movement is similar to that of the first theme of the previous first movement:
The rhythm of the symbol points produces greater upward momentum, which is in sharp contrast with the tone of "sigh" behind.
The second movement is also poetic and ideological.
Compared with F minor, the whole work is more dramatic, so it is called Sonata of Little Sadness. His official "Sorrow Sonata" is the eighth sonata in C minor written between 1798- 1799.
This song is dedicated to a duke named Li Xi Novo who loves music. This sonata is not only completely out of the shadow of Haydn and Mozart, but also the masterpiece of Beethoven's early piano music and the most outstanding part of all his works. The whole song is divided into three movements, and each movement has charming artistic charm.
Before three movements, there is a slow and mature introduction. At the beginning of the music, the main triad in the bass area of the heavy minor tightly clasps the listener's heart:
The slow symbol points deepen the sense of heaviness; Dense discordant voices express inner pain; The contrast between strength and weakness is like a puzzling problem. Then, music seems to have been asking questions, but it has never been solved. Finally, it becomes a series of chromatic scales from top to bottom, staying on unstable tones or question marks. This constant questioning has generated a high degree of tension and expectation.
The development of three facial movements laid the foundation.
In the first movement, Allegro, the vibrato of the left hand is as far away as thunder, which sets off the double tone of the right hand. When the right hand rushed to the high point, it began to fall, and then the left hand rose instead, forming a shocking momentum:
The second theme, the short sentences of bass and the expansive response of treble, forms a dialogue, as if thinking and arguing with inner tension, only writing music is like this:
The second movement, adagio. The nature of music is similar to the second movement of "F minor" and "Little Sorrow" mentioned above. However, the second movement here exceeds the first two second movements in depth and breadth. The theme is a typical Beethoven-style deep feeling and dignity, and there is always a giant's tolerance in lyric. Only melodies are listed as follows:
People who have studied Beethoven's manuscripts find that this piece has been revised many times. The process of revision is mainly to delete redundant parts continuously, and finally this concise melody with infinite meaning is formed. Many of Beethoven's themes are reconciled in this way.
The third movement can be traced back to
C minor, Allegro, Rondo, fluent and friendly tunes, accompanied by broken chords, add a lot of relaxation. Some people even think this is clear. However, I think this is a minor after all, as if the pain in my heart has not been washed away. Friends may wish to taste it carefully. What's the mood?
This is the main part of Rondo. In the plug-in, the music once entered E major and A major, and the tension was greatly reduced, but it was only transitional and temporary. The image of major departments is dominant.
The name of this work, Pathetique, was chosen by Beethoven himself. This is the first time that he named his sonata. It can be seen that he has begun to pay attention to the title of music, which marks the rise of title music in the romantic music period.
The appearance of pathetique sonata indicates that classical piano sonata has entered the peak of full maturity. There is more than one work at the peak. Let's talk about another equally great work, that is "Moonlight Sonata".
According to the order of Beethoven's sonatas, this isNo. 14 in C minor, dedicated to one of his female students. Written in 180 1, it has been19th century.
There are many beautiful legends about the title of "moonlight", so I won't go into them here. Today, we can be sure that Moonlight was not named by Beethoven. Beethoven himself labeled the text as "Fantasy Wind Sonata". Interestingly, 100 years ago, people still prefer to use the name "Moonlight", which is not Beethoven's original intention and seems to be inaccurate, rather than the original name "Fantasy Sonata". Why? Of course, it is impossible to change for too long, including this factor. But I think it may be because Moonlight and Dreamland are still related. In other words, both words are romantic. "Fantasy wind" gives us the freedom of imagination, and "moonlight" is also the ideal object of fantasy. The music itself (especially the first two movements) is very beautiful. Moonlight (and its related story: the lake illuminated by moonlight; A blind girl in the moonlight, etc. ) is also beautiful.
Is it these direct and indirect connections that make people prefer to use the name "moonlight"?
The original intention of fantasy style first refers to the first movement. Usually, the first movement of a multi-movement sonata suite is Allegro. However, this work is anti-traditional, putting all sonatas Allegro in the final movement. On the contrary, the first movement used adagio, a free style. Like many of Beethoven's adagios,
Music is also meditation. The difference is that there is no heavy feeling here. Accompanied by a brisk triplet, the simple melody has a transcendental charm, which may be a fantasy style:
Second movement in d major, allegro. Liszt described this movement as "a flower between two abyss". Some people say that it is like a delicate flower, which is blooming but shy. In short, it's very cute:
The second movement is the transition to the third movement. The third movement, Allegro, # C minor, sonata form. The first theme of speed and violence is very rare. Some people say that this is a "night storm", some people say that this is a masterpiece with a fiery expression, and some people say that this is a burning rock flow. Indeed, this is a violent impact and outbreak:
The second theme, the tone is sad, but this is resolute grief-this is Beethoven, who is also strong in pain:
The second theme itself has developed so much that some people think there is a third or even a fourth theme here. This also shows that Beethoven is not satisfied with the comparison of only two themes.
After the first part of the sonata ended, the music directly transferred to the middle part without pause, which was not only found in the works of Haydn and Mozart, but also in Beethoven's own previous works. This also shows how turbulent the emotional fluctuations are, and washes away the barriers that often exist between various parts of traditional music forms.
Another feature is that the finale is huge. Obviously, this is also because emotions rush down and it is impossible to end the chapter at the end time. So, first of all, the first theme reappears, which leads to the rolling MINUS seventh chord, which is a very dramatic expression. Then the second theme appeared in the bass area again, and the sixteenth note was played by the right hand, and then the arpeggio was played up and down. After the top-down cadenza, the music stopped temporarily on two long bass. However, this is not the end. The bass sixteenth note of the left hand is like thunder rumbling from far to near, arpeggio is unstoppable, and the music ends effectively. It is unprecedented to expand the finale into such an artistic part.
Dramatic, pathos, tenacious will and indomitable strength, like a dazzling red line, connect some of Beethoven's piano music. The Storm to be mentioned below is also a work in this field.
This is piano sonataNo. 17 in D minor, written in 180 1- 1802, and dedicated to her female students. When someone asked Beethoven what the content of this work was, Beethoven replied:
"Please read Shakespeare's The Tempest!" The name "The Tempest Sonata" comes from this.
Shakespeare's The Tempest is Shakespeare's later play, which describes a story that happened on an island: witchcraft prevailed there, and the archduke who ruled the island was usurped, so he pretended to be a wizard, and finally he regained power. The theme of the play is to advocate reconciliation. So, what does Beethoven's sonata have to do with this story? This is a question that many researchers are interested in but have no consensus. Since Beethoven made people read The Tempest, there must be some kind of both.
Contact information; But they all think that we can't simply match every note with stories. Let's take a brief look at music first.
This music consists of three movements. The overall speed layout is Allegro, Adagio and Allegro Minor. All three movements are written according to the principle of sonata form.
There is an introduction in front of the first movement, where there is a slow, solemn and summoning tone, which seems to be in a hurry compared with anxiety and uneasiness, followed by a dramatic atmosphere:
This song goes directly to the first theme, Allegro:
The bass is majestic, and the corresponding answer is high, sad and weak. The triplet in the middle provides an uneasy background. These tones are implied in the introduction.
The atmosphere of the drama is getting stronger and stronger, which leads to the second theme, tone anxiety:
On the basis of the above theme tones, after careful expansion, we entered the beginning of reproduction. At this point, between the solemn tone and the anxious tone in the recitation, a single-tone narrative tone is inserted, which is very creative and has achieved extremely fascinating artistic effects:
After a fierce drama, it suddenly quieted down, and all other scenery and characters disappeared, as if there was only one singing heart in the whole universe, and how sad and lonely this song was!
The end of the first movement gradually disappears with the extension of the chord in D minor. The extension and attenuation of the sound tend to be calm, and the triad is dull, feeling that "things are not over yet." At this time, the second movement adagio begins with a warm triad in bB major. The arpeggio playing method of chords brings happiness in chic;
This movement temporarily forgot the contradictions and uneasiness in the first movement, and Beethoven came to the embrace of nature. Naturally, he always feels kind, sacred and dedicated; The endless source of his creative inspiration and the solace that his traumatized heart longs for can always be obtained from nature.
The third movement seems to be a new state of mind after the soul is "purified" in the second movement. It is woven with 3/8 beats 16 notes from beginning to end. Music is flowing and has warm moments, but it is mainly elegant and delicate. A lot of tone sandhi, mainly minor, inevitably produces a sense of expectation. After a long period of twists and turns, the music disappeared on a note D, ending the third movement and the whole "storm".
We can see that this work is somewhat different from the previous "sad" works. It seems to be more positive thinking, "self-argument", and sometimes it is like an inner monologue. The final conclusion, though reluctant, is still inclined to reconciliation. Does this have anything to do with Shakespeare's The Tempest?
During this period, it was Beethoven's ear disease that worsened, and his personal life encountered many difficulties and setbacks, and even wrote his last words. He thought about the moment of death, life, art, ideal and reality, which must be many and deep topics he thought about. From here, his The Tempest is not so much related to Shakespeare as to himself.
1805, Beethoven published two sonatas, sonataNo. 19 in G minor and sonata No.20 in G major. According to textual research, the actual writing date of these two works is about 1795- 1798. They are both simple piano works with two movements, so they are all included in the sonata collection, which is familiar and loved by the majority of piano beginners. Here, I just want to remind you of the beginning of the sonata in G major:
The simplicity of piano skills does not mean the lack of art, on the contrary, the two works are full of emotions, and any adult who plays them will like them. After Beethoven wrote a series of "heavy" works, he still published them and compiled them into sonata series, which shows that Beethoven did not underestimate them.
Another "blockbuster" work in this period is Sonata in C Major. 2 1, also known as dawn sonata, was completed between 1803 and 1804. Because the title was given to Count Waldstein, he respected his talent very much and gave him long-term and great help both mentally and materially, so this piece is also called "Waldstein Sonata".
This "heavy" work is not "heavy" of "sadness". On the contrary, it sweeps away the fog of boredom, indignation and sadness. This is a carefree, open and clear sky. Some people say it's White Sonata, so I don't know who gave this work an alias "Dawn". To say that this work is "heavy" is its grand length, rich symphony colors and unprecedented brilliant piano skills.
This work has only two movements. The first movement, Allegro, the first theme:
This refreshing "rustling" will naturally remind people of the sound of everything waking up in the morning. High notes are like the chirping of birds. Later, with the singing of birds, the earth became lively. Tonality and intensity are constantly changing, like shining sunshine.
The second theme uses the unusual tonality of that period, and the three-degree relationship is E major (C and E are three degrees apart). Happy tunes are synchronized with harmony to produce the timbre of the organ, and it can also be imagined that the wind of nature is singing, showing the intoxication of beautiful nature:
Both of these themes developed in colorful and fascinating ways, and then came to a strong conclusion.
Although this sonata has only two movements, there is a long introduction in front of the second movement, Adagio in F major. This work has surpassed the weight of the general introduction and has an independent artistic content. Some people think that this is an independent movement. Some people say that the understanding of this song is like "the angel's smile is suddenly covered by dark clouds"; Some people say that it shows a mysterious and unrealistic atmosphere; Some say it's the expectation of dawn, and so on. In short, deep and quiet will make the future music brighter.
See things in a blur
The last movement is a huge Rondo. Allegro in c major. People describe the movement like this: "Yuan Ye is vast and full of sunshine ... just like a summer day, such days are never enough!" "The melody of the main theme is the German folk song style. Accompanied by the warm decomposition triad in C major, in the clear high-pitched area, singing charming and cheerful, a clear picture of Wan Li arises spontaneously:
After a period of development of this theme, the right hand appeared bright vibrato on the treble D for a long time, and then played the main theme extremely brightly in the higher treble area on this continuous vibrato. At the same time, the left hand played the 32-point scale of rising Legato and the 16-point scale of falling jump, which was a kind of joyful excitement. In this way, music has formed a three-dimensional combination: the mid-bass area is a fast scale, the mid-treble area is a vibrato, and the treble area is the main theme. The three levels complement each other, forming a brilliant and gorgeous.
Symphonic picture:
In terms of playing skills, this texture is a technically difficult section. However, inspired by brilliant and wonderful artistic images, pianists are willing to overcome the difficulties of playing skills.
The main part of Rondo is repeated many times, and new contrast music is inserted between each repetition.
When the main part appeared for the last time, the music turned to Allegro, the mood reached its climax, and finally it ended brilliantly and grandly.
Beethoven wrote such music without clouds under the fatal blow of fate. How great his personality is! How firm his extraordinary will is!
The Dawn Sonata is Beethoven's delight and intoxication of nature. He put aside all misfortunes for the time being and only felt the light and beauty in life. However, personal misfortune and social darkness can't get rid of it after all. Next, we will talk about another sonata. Beethoven began to think again and fought against fate. This is the famous Sonata of Passion.
This is recognized as the greatest piano solo.
If the excellent piano series is compared to the Himalayas, then the passion is Mount Everest. According to Beethoven's students, Beethoven himself thinks this is his best piano music. Readers and friends must have heard of it. Lenin sighed enthusiastically after listening: "I don't know what is better than enthusiasm." I want to listen to her wonderful superman music every day. I even thought proudly, perhaps naively: Look, what miracles people can create! "
In the writings of Russian writer Turgenev, I once described the feeling of listening to enthusiasm like this: "I feel that numbness, that chill, that joy that grabs my heart instantly, which makes people feel sweet panic." At this time, beauty suddenly invaded my heart. I didn't move from beginning to end. I don't want to or dare to gasp. "
The passionate artistic image is so full and profound that the language is hard to describe. Moreover, the appeal of music is so strong that researchers are excited when they listen to it, and it is difficult to analyze it calmly. Romain rolland, a famous French writer, has always been praised by people. He said that enthusiasm is "a torrent of flames in a granite river". "Granite channel" refers to a high degree of rationality and strict logic. "The torrent of flame" refers to the burning enthusiasm. In other words, enthusiasm
It is a highly perfect combination of reason and emotion.
Enthusiasm is sonata No.23 in F minor, written between 1804- 1806. The title was given to another count, who was his lifelong friend and admired his genius infinitely. Release 1807. It is said that once, because Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, Beethoven never assigned a school to play for France again, and left in the rain, which made his passionate manuscript with him wet in many places. The name "enthusiasm" was later added by a German publisher and has been affirmed and used. It can be seen that although publishers are trying to expand.
It sells well, naming untitled music, but sometimes it can give a good name recognized by music experts.
Enthusiasm consists of three actions. The first movement in F minor, 12/8 beats, sonata form, Allegro. The first theme begins like this:
At the beginning, the two hands are separated by 16 degrees, and the homonyms are weakened, resulting in a vast and far-reaching association. Minor brings a tragic atmosphere. First down, then up, dignified mood began to stir, followed by a right hand vibrato, with a wary look. Only these parts have foreshadowed a wide-ranging struggle. Then the music imitated in bG major in the high semitone took a step forward and was suddenly interrupted by the "destiny motivation" in the bass area. These four faint notes are enough to bring ominous and gloomy feelings:
The music is weak, but the tension is increasing. Finally, the top-down strong play decomposes the negative seventh chord and pours down along the curve. As a result, it seems that the vision is getting closer and the potential is beginning to appear. After the dramatic transformation, the second theme appeared:
This piece of music is very lyrical. Under the rich bass accompaniment, people feel that this is the voice of a giant with a broad mind.
These two themes and the music materials connecting them show the contrast and contradiction in a grand background, which is a kind of drama with a sense of history and lays the foundation for the magnificent development in the future. When the music reached its climax, the first theme reappeared, but the intensity became weaker and weaker, and finally disappeared in the extension of a weak main chord. The music stopped. But people feel that this is the silence of the battlefield where the smoke has not dispersed. In the silence, the second deep thinking movement began.
Second movement in d major, 2/4 beats, andante, variations. The theme is concise in tone. Isn't every word in literature fatalistic? Really fatalistic tone, solemn music:
The theme here is the first phrase, and the melody part above only uses two sounds! The whole topic consists of four repeated sentences. Through the change of rhythm and texture in variation, music gradually flows and becomes active. When the music turns to the high-pitched area, the bright and gorgeous brilliance gradually rises and spreads, bringing the audience into a beautiful and bright realm. As a string of 32-note scales flows downward, the music returns to the theme of solemn meditation at the beginning of the movement. But when the theme finally ended, it fell on the extremely unstable negative seventh chord, and the tension suddenly rose, and the music suddenly turned into the stormy third movement.
The third movement in F minor, in 2/4 time, Allegro, sonata form. At the beginning of the movement, a fierce struggle was declared, which was a striking of dissonant seventh chords on a strong rhythm.
This is an introduction, which initially leads to a sixteenth-note fragment and quickly merges into a sixteenth-note fragment. The first theme is also the sixteenth note:
The contrast of the second theme also keeps the rhythm of sixteenth notes. In short, sometimes single-layered, sometimes double-layered, rolling up and down, an endless stream of sixteenth notes, like a whirlwind of struggle, swept through every corner of the emotional world, making you breathless. There are only a few stops at the end of the extension. However, this is not the end of the struggle, and more violent storms will follow. At the end of the play, it turned to a faster speed, the torrent of struggle surged, and the music entered a white-hot climax. Finally, the music ended with a firm and powerful ending, showing an invincible will and unshakable faith.
Enthusiasm pushed Beethoven's piano music to a historic peak, and European classical piano music also reached its peak. Starting from enthusiasm, Beethoven wrote nine more sonatas, and the last one was written in 182 1. All Beethoven's sonatas, on the one hand, follow the classical tradition, while constantly breaking through the norms of classical music. His later sonatas were more innovative. With his death in 1827, the era of classical music ended. But romantic piano music did not begin on the day of his death.
Because as early as Beethoven's life, he had already opened the door to romantic music.