The birthplace of ancient India

Indus valley. This is one of the oldest civilizations of mankind. Ancient Indians established a strict social hierarchy, created exquisite paintings and sculptures, and possessed the longest epic in the world. This ancient land is also the birthplace of Buddhism, one of the three major religions in the world. As one of the cradles of human civilization, ancient India deeply attracted the world with its extraordinary richness, mystery and magic, and had a far-reaching impact on Asian countries including China. Ancient India made original contributions to human civilization in literature, philosophy and natural science. The most striking feature is its religious nature. The historical characteristics of ancient India lie in the establishment of Varna system and its transformation to caste system, the assimilation of tribal society and its transformation to the state, the rise of land-grant system and its transformation to feudal system, the decline of Buddhism, the rise of neo-Brahmanism and its transformation to Hinduism.

Ancient Indian literature

The earliest literary work in ancient India is Veda, among which Rigveda, which is the oldest and has the highest literary value, is a collection of poems with 65,438+0,028 poems, mainly praising gods and secular poems. Therefore, the Vedas are not only classics of religious documents. The most famous literary works in ancient India are Mahabharata and Ramayana. The former is 654.38+ million fu, and the latter is about 24,000 fu, which is a unique long poem in the ancient world. There are 18 articles in Mahabharata, the main content of which is the story of the house king and the house Wang Zhengduo's throne in Mahabharata family. After many tortuous struggles, the two sides finally had to fight 18 days. It is said that this war involves all countries and tribes in India. As a result, all the troops of King Julou were killed, and the troops of King Dudu won. According to legend, the author of this long poem is Pitty. In fact, it has been gradually accumulated and sorted out by generations of folk poets. Its basic content was basically formed in the 5th century BC, and the final edition was in the 4th century AD. Ramayana has seven chapters. The main story is that Rama, the son of Giussandro, the king of ten chariots, was framed by his stepmother and lived in seclusion in the forest with his wife Starr 14 years. After the demon king Luopo robbed Sida to Linga Island, that is, Sri Lanka, Rama led the monkey soldiers to defeat and kill the demon king with the help of monkeys, rescued Sida, and then returned to China and made Sida king. According to legend, the author of this poem is an ant. In fact, this poem was gradually compiled from the 4th century BC to the 2nd century AD. Although the two epics are fairy tales, they both have expositions on philosophy, religion, law and various scientific knowledge, which reflect all aspects of Indian social life at that time and the expansion of Aryans to the southeast. What is particularly valuable is that it runs through deep sympathy for justice and kindness, mercilessly exposing and condemning ugly acts such as treachery and cruelty. It is a treasure in the treasure house of world literature.