In the late Tang Dynasty, the social situation took a turn for the worse. Eunuchs monopolized the power and divided the stage, and the Huang Chao Uprising broke out, which eventually led to the collapse of the Tang Dynasty. Faced with this situation, most poets are concerned about the country and the people, and are negative and pessimistic. The object of concern has turned from society to one's own feelings, and reciting the love between men and women has become a common occurrence. On the one hand, they inherited the poetic style of "artificial beauty" carved in the middle Tang Dynasty, on the other hand, they emphasized innocence and significance. According to the style, it can be roughly divided into five categories: the sad and sentimental type represented by Du Mu and Xu Hun, pursuing elegant language and ethereal and elegant sentimental poetry style; Li Shangyin and Wen are the most accomplished poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Their poetic style is profound and colorful, while Wen is a romantic school in the late Tang Dynasty. Seclusion poetry style represented by Si Kongtu and Lu Guimeng; The bitter poetic style represented by Jia Dao and Yao He, Jia is sad and indifferent, and Yao is plain and implicit; Represented by Zheng Gu, Wei Zhuang, Luo Yin, Du Xunhe and Pi Rixiu, Zheng Gu, Wei Zhuang and Pi Rixiu expressed their sorrow in troubled times, while Luo Yin and Du Xunhe complained and mocked (note: hermits are often intertwined with sorrow and resentment in troubled times and cannot be discussed).
I don't want to say more about other issues, just a little.
I remember when Mr. Wang was in class, he mentioned that poetry reached a peak in the prosperous period of the middle Tang Dynasty, and it was difficult to be surpassed.
By the middle and late Tang Dynasty, everyone wanted to break through, but it was very difficult, very difficult. The style, interest and skills of the prosperous Tang Dynasty are all comprehensive, and all aspects are at their peak. It is almost impossible to surpass.
Looking around, Han, Meng, Jia, Li and others finally decided to go astray, find strange interests and do strange things. "Cliff-framed houses" and thin suburban islands are reflections of this interest.
The development of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty is not to inherit and continue the artistic prosperity of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but to break the cage and how to start again. This is internal.
At the same time, the change of the real environment also requires that poetry must reflect, prosperity is no longer, and art must change. This is external.
Personally, I think that the significance of literary history of Han, Meng, Jia and Li is very important, and the most important contribution is interest. Curiosity has become a rare high-grade aesthetic pursuit, and the machine is important. This is in a sense.
In terms of aesthetic realm, literary attainments and artistic achievements, these people are not comparable to the late Tang Dynasty, and the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty can be regarded as a masterpiece in aesthetic realm, not inferior to or even superior to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Poetry in the late Tang Dynasty is another peak that can be compared with poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Personally, the characteristics of late Tang poetry mainly include the following points:
1, old fun. The content experience is desolate.
2. Sentimental. Sad, hazy, empty.
3. Neat and experienced. Elegant and standardized.
4. Multiplicity and polyphony. A thousand flavors are one.
5. Artistic conception.
6. others.
Poets in the late Tang Dynasty, like people who pursued curiosity in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, greatly enriched and broadened the aesthetic artistic conception of poetry and greatly expanded the expressive force of poetry art.