In China's first book of poetry, The Book of Songs, such as "I have been there, Liu Yiyi; Today, I think it's raining. "
Ancient poems of Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty, such as "Cold wind destroys trees, and first frost is harsh."
The ancient poems "The Distant Altair" and "The Distant Altair, the Chinese Woman by the Jiao Jiao River".
In the parallel prose of Fu in Han Dynasty, there is a saying that "good will drill hair and feather, while evil will wash dirt and seek scar".
Tang Poetry and Song Poetry Yuan Qu "Ascending the Mountain" Du Fu's "I have come three thousand miles". Now with the sadness of autumn, with my sorrow of a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. "
Duality means using a pair of phrases or sentences with the same number of words, the same structure and symmetrical meaning to express two corresponding or similar figures of speech.
Double classification:
In form
1. Single sentence duality
One sentence against another is called one sentence against one. For example:
The mountains are as high as the sky.
Good is not rewarded, and evil is not degraded.
-praise the smallest good deeds and contributions and punish the smallest mistakes.
Castle peak is fortunate to bury loyal bones, while white iron casts innocent courtiers. (Moon Pink Couplet) ...
-Castle Peak feels honored that the loyal bone of the famous anti-gold star Yue Fei is buried in the grave, and the white iron is ashamed that the statues of Qin Gui and others cast with it kneel in front of the grave.
2. Even antithesis is called even antithesis. For example:
Six kings finish, and the four seas are one family. Shushan is upright, and Fang is not here. On the Ah Fang Palace
-the six countries have passed, and the four seas are unified. All the trees in Shushan were cut down and Epang Palace was built. (Six Wangbi and Four Seas Family are both subject-predicate phrases, and Shu and Afangchu are also subject-predicate phrases. Six Wangbi and Four Seas Family are opposite to Shu and Afangchu. )
3. Multi-sentence antithesis is called multi-sentence antithesis. For example:
Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Persuasive learning
-climb high and wave to people. The arm is not lengthened, but people in the distance can see it. Shout with the wind, the voice did not increase, but the people who heard it felt very clear.
The upper and lower words in the same sentence are dual to each other.
For example, the peak turns, the breeze can cross the bright moon, and the feather fan black silk scarf.
content
1. Positive duality
The upper and lower couplets mean similar or similar and complement each other. For example:
After all, the world is just a small place. Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu to take up his post.
As long as friends know each other, even if they are separated, they are like close neighbors. (Up and down links mean closely related. "Hainei" refers to the whole ancient China. Neighbor, a close neighbor. )
Still gone, the moon is thousands of miles away, radiant and still. Yueyang Tower
Sometimes the smoke in the sky suddenly disappears, and the bright moonlight thousands of miles away is floating with waves and shining with golden brilliance. The reflection of the bright moon is a piece of jade, quietly immersed in the bottom of the water. A thousand miles away from the bright moon is to the "long smoke and empty air" and "heavy static shadows" is to the "floating light and leaping gold". The meaning of up and down links is related and complementary)
2. The expression against coupling is opposite or relative, which refers to two aspects of the same thing. For example:
Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Persuasive learning
-carve things with a knife, then put them down for a while, and even the rotten wood keeps carving; Keep carving with a knife, even hard stones can be carved through. "Perseverance" and "perseverance" are opposites. )
The vassal's land is limited, and the desire to attack Qin is insatiable. The more complicated it is, the more urgent it is. On six countries
The land of the governors of various countries is limited, and the desire of the greedy and violent Qin State cannot be satisfied. The more you give, the more it will invade you. ("The vassal's land is limited" and "insatiable desire to violently attack Qin" are objections, while "abundant service" and "urgent invasion" are objections. )
3. Serial duality means "serial pairing", just like running water, so it is also called running water pair. Its opening sentence and antithesis are all said from the development process of things, so the meaning is closely coherent. For example:
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! . The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army.
-Immediately cross Wuxia from under the dam, and then head for Xiangyang and Luoyang. (via Wuxia under the dam, then Xiangyang, and then go straight to Luoyang, writing the joy of longing for Shu in one breath. )
Climb another floor and see the heron hostel thousands of miles away.
-If you want to see further with all your eyesight, you must by going up one flight of stairs. If you want to exhaust your eyesight, you must continue climbing. )
Anatomically
1. Component duality.
For example, my shortcomings, however, I have no face when discussing current events. I often adopt the type of prejudice, and the latter is especially inappropriate.
Among them, "losing face in current affairs" and "often taking type disadvantages" are both components in the sentence, so they are called component duality.
2. Sentence duality.
For example: sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are one color.
Among them, "Sunset and Lonely Qi Fei" and "Autumn water and sky are one color" are independent sentences, so they are called sentence duality.