Petofi Sandor, Hungarian patriotic poet and hero, liberal revolutionary. He is considered the founder of Hungarian national literature and one of the important figures in the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. The following is an introduction to the poet Petofi that I collected and compiled. I hope it will be helpful to you.
Introduction to the poet Petofi
Petofi Sandor was born in a butcher family on January 1, 1823, on the Avod Plain on the banks of the Danube River under the rule of the Austrian Empire. In a small Hungarian town, Sarbor de Salas, his father was a poor Slavic butcher and his mother was a Magyar serf. According to the law at the time, his family was at the bottom of society. On July 31, 1849, Petofi died in battle. Petofi's poems are widely circulated in Hungary and have been translated into dozens of foreign languages, making them familiar to foreign readers. Mr. Lu Xun once quoted a poem by Petofi in his article "For the Memory of Forgetting": Life is precious, love is more valuable; if it is for the sake of freedom, both can be thrown away! His main works include "Song of the Nation", "Against the King", etc.
The life of the poet Petofi
Petofi lived a wandering life as a boy, worked as an actor, and served as a soldier. In 1842, he began to publish the poem "The Drunkard" and began his writing career. He wrote poems in the style of folk songs, developed them in form, refined his language, and created many excellent poems. He believes that only people's poetry is true poetry. Among his early works are more than 50 poems such as "The Millet is Ripe", "I Walked into the Kitchen" and "Evening", which were composed and sung by composers such as Liszt and have become Hungarian folk songs. In 1844, he came to the capital Budapest from his hometown and served as assistant editor of the "Pest Fashion News". With the support of the poet Fresmalti, he published the first "Collection of Poems", "Cypress Leaves on Edelka's Grave" and "The Love of Love". "Pearl" and the prose work "Travel Notes" established his status in Hungarian literature and were highly praised by the German poet Heine. He became famous in the poetry world for publishing the satirical poem "The Sledgehammer in the Countryside" and the revolutionary poems "Song of the Patriots" and "Against the King". Later, he participated in and led the radical youth organization "Young Hungary" in Pest and engaged in revolutionary activities. He once carried out domestic activities. Traveling long distances, he used revolutionary poems to call on the Hungarian people to oppose Austrian national oppression. At the end of 1846, he sorted out his poem manuscripts and prepared to publish the complete collection of poems, and wrote the famous motto "Freedom and Love" in his preface. His "Freedom and Love": "Life is precious, love is more expensive; if it is for freedom, Both can be thrown away!? It became a symbol of the poet's move towards revolution and also his vow to move towards revolution. Since 1847, poetry writing has involved the political affairs of the time, such as "To the Poets of the Nineteenth Century" and "In the Name of the People", which express the voice of the times. On March 15, 1848, Petofi led the proletariat and petty bourgeoisie with the participation of students to resist the Austrian citizen uprising. He recited the political poem "Song of the Nation" to the insurrectionists and wrote the poems "The Sea is Boiling" and "The Sea Is Boiling". The King Hangs on the Gallows" inspired the people to fight for national freedom and independence, and was known as "the first roar of Hungarian freedom". In September, he joined the revolutionary army and participated in the Hungarian National War of Independence. In the national liberation war led by Kossuth from 1848 to 1849, Petofi joined Bem's troops in January 1849 and fought bravely with the Russian and Austrian allied forces as Bem's adjutant. In July 1849, he created He wrote his last poem, "The Moment of Terror," and disappeared in the Battle of Fort Thurs on July 31 of the same year. Most scholars believe that he was sacrificed in the bloody Battle of Fort Thurs, and his body was buried in the tomb of 1,050 heroes. Petofi's contribution was mainly in poetry creation, especially in lyric poetry. In addition to creating a large number of revolutionary poems, he also wrote political commentaries, dramas, novels and essays. He wrote about 1,000 lyric poems in his life. and 8 narrative poems, the most famous of which are "Janos the Warrior" (first translation of "Brave John") and "The Apostle", which had a significant impact on the development of Hungarian literature. His political articles exposed the enemy and inspired He has won the hearts of the people and played a positive role. Lu Xun spoke highly of his life and works. Lu Xun admired Petofi very much. He said that what he was good at was naturally lyrical poetry. Some European literary and art critics praised Petofi as the lyricist of Magyar. The King of Poetry?. ?Life is truly precious, but love is more valuable. If it is for freedom, both can be thrown away. ?When mentioning this poem that has been widely recited around the world for more than a hundred years, people will think of its author, the Hungarian poet Petofi. If we look back at history objectively, we can know that the great Hungarian poet was deeply loved by He was a heroic fighter in the European Revolution of 1848 who was concerned and praised by Marx and Engels. His poems also left an extremely valuable literary legacy for oppressed nations around the world.
The artistic achievements of the poet Petofi
Petofi was sacrificed by the Cossack cavalry spears, and left more than 800 poems in his short life.
In the summer of 1849, the Hungarian revolutionary army fought to the last moment under the oppression of powerful enemies. On the morning of July 31, Bem formed a cavalry team with 300 people who could still fight, and before the battle started, he specifically asked Petofi to stay. The poet disobeyed his orders and set out behind the cavalry.
These brave Hungarian warriors were quickly overwhelmed and melted when they were locked in a stalemate with several times the enemy. The thin poet was also surrounded by two Russian Cossack cavalry. A scimitar struck him fiercely. The poet dodged, but at the same time another sharp spear had pierced his chest. The poet Fell down in pain?
In the decades that followed, the Hungarian people still refused to believe that their poet was no longer alive, and legends continued to emerge. Some people said they had seen him in a farmer's house, and some people said they had seen Petofi in Russia after being captured. The Hungarian Parliament also conducted a special investigation, but what was disappointing was that this witness had neither served as a soldier nor been captured.
After the resistance struggle of the Hungarian people, the Austrian Empire was forced to In 1867, an agreement was signed with Hungary, recognizing that under the premise that the Austrian emperor was the unified head of state, a dualistic united national government could be established, and the country's name was also changed to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed at the end of World War I, and Hungary achieved complete independence at the end of 1918.
Petofi was only 26 years old when he died. He left behind a 22-year-old wife and a one-and-a-half-year-old son. He wrote more than 800 lyric poems and 8 long narrative poems in his life. In addition, he also wrote more than 800,000 words of novels, political commentaries, dramas and travel notes, many of which were completed during the war. Such a high productivity is very rare in the history of European literature.
In the history of the development of Hungarian literature and even the entire nation, Petofi occupies a unique position. He laid the cornerstone of Hungarian national literature, inherited and developed the fighting tradition of Enlightenment literature, and was hailed as "a rose with thorns" that grew out of the fertile black soil soaked with the blood of slaves. For more than a century, Petofi has been recognized by progressive people around the world as a banner for national liberation and literary revolution. His popular poems are still widely read today.