Three Heroes of Literature
1 Dante Dante (1265-1321). The pioneer of the Renaissance. The Renaissance movement originated in northern Italy and is generally considered to be the first representative. The character is Dante, whose representative is the Divine Comedy. His works first implicitly criticize and expose the corruption and stupidity of medieval religious rule, and are composed in local dialects rather than Latin, which was the official literary language of medieval Europe. He believes that The ancient Greek and Roman eras were the most perfect eras of human nature. It was against nature to suppress human nature in the Middle Ages. Although he had in-depth and extensive research on Latin literature, he wrote a large number of lyrical poems in the form of sonnets in Italian dialect. , warmly welcomed by the rulers of various cities and countries.
2 Petrarch Petrarch was an Italian poet. He was born in Arezzo on July 20, 1304, and died on July 19, 1374. Died in Alqua. He was not only the founder of humanism, but also the founder of modern poetry. His excellent sonnet lyric poem "Songbook" came out and won the title of "Poet Laureate". "Songbook" expresses Early humanists yearned for and pursued a new life and hated the sentiments of the church. His father was a lawyer from a prominent Florentine family. He fled to France with his father when he was a child, and later studied law. After his father's death, he concentrated on literary activities and traveled around Europe. He also After serving as a priest, he had the opportunity to visit churches and courts, observe life, and pursue knowledge. He proposed to replace "God's thoughts" with "human thoughts" and was called the "Father of Humanism."
3 thin Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), first translated as Boccaccio, was an outstanding representative of the Italian Renaissance and a humanist. His representative work "The Decameron" criticized conservative religious ideas and advocated " "Happiness in the world" is regarded as the declaration of the Renaissance.
Three Masters of Art
1 Leonardo Da Vinci (Leonardo Da Vinci) ( 1452-1519) the most famous artist, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, scientific master, literary theorist, great philosopher, poet, musician, and inventor during the Italian Renaissance. Precisely because he was a All-rounder, so he is also known as "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance". He was born in the town of Finch on the outskirts of Florence and died in France. The mural "The Last Supper", the altarpiece "The Virgin of the Rocks" and the portrait " "Mona Lisa" are the three masterpieces of his life. These three works are among the treasures left by Leonardo da Vinci for the world's art treasure house, and are the keystones of European art.
2Raphael Raphael Cenci (1483～1520) Italian painter. Born in Urbino on April 6, 1483 and died in Rome on April 6, 1520. His original name was Rafaello Cenci. San Giovanni. His series of Madonna portraits are different from similar themes painted by medieval painters. They all embody humanistic ideas with maternal tenderness and youthful fitness. The most famous among them is "The Madonna with an Oriole" (Tibetan) Uffizi Gallery in Florence), "Madonna on the Grass" (hidden in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna) and "Madonna in the Garden" (hidden in the Louvre Museum). The large-scale oil painting "Sistine Madonna" painted in 1512-1513 ", the figures are similar to life-size, and the triangular composition composed of the Virgin and the saints is solemn and balanced. The figures of the Virgin and Jesus are strong and strong, showing the happiness and greatness of maternal love. The other, taller, altar painting The "Madonna of Foligno" in the form of "The Madonna of Foligno" and the "Madonna of the Chair" and "The Madonna of Alba" created later can be regarded as his perfect works. After 1509, he was invited by Pope Julius II to paint murals in the Vatican Palace, among which the murals in the Signature Hall are the most outstanding. These paintings spread all over the walls and roof of the hall respectively represent the four aspects of human spiritual activities: theology, philosophy, poetry and jurisprudence. In addition to giving full play to their In addition to the unique painting style, special attention was paid to the full harmony between painting expression and architectural decoration, giving people a solemn, distinct and colorful feeling. Important works during this period include "Eliodore" painted for the Eliodoro Hall. "Lo is Expelled from the Temple" and "Mass of Porsina", "Fire Alarm of Borgo" painted for the Fire Hall and "Triumph of Galatea" painted for the Villa Farnesina, etc. These works His image creation and use of light and color have reached a new level, and he is known as the pinnacle of ancient and modern mural art. His portraits are also very successful. They are characterized by both form and spirit, and full of charm. He often adopts a slightly sideways posture to hide the background. In the past, only the natural and friendly expressions of the characters stood out in the picture. Representative examples are "Portrait of Castiglione" and "Portrait of Woman in Veil".
3 Michelangelo Michelangelo Bona Michelangelo Bo that Rorty (1475-1564), a great Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor and architect, a representative of the highest peak of Renaissance sculpture art. In 1496, Michelangelo came to Rome. He created the first batch of masterpieces "Bacchus" and "Lamentation of Christ". In 1501, he returned to Florence and spent four years completing the world-famous "David". In 1505 in Rome, he was commissioned Pope Julius II ordered him to be responsible for the construction of the Pope's Mausoleum. After the construction was suspended in 1506, he returned to Florence. In 1508, he was ordered to return to Rome and completed the famous Sistine in four years and five months. Ceiling murals of the church. In 1513, construction of the Pope's Mausoleum resumed, and Michelangelo created the famous "Moses", "The Bound Slave" and "The Dying Slave". From 1519 to 1534, he created his life in Florence. The greatest work - the sculptures of the Medici Family Mausoleum in the Church of San Lorenzo. In 1536, Michelangelo returned to the Sistine Chapel in Rome and spent nearly six years creating the great church mural " "The Last Judgment". After that, he lived in Rome and engaged in sculpture, architecture and a small amount of painting until his death in his studio on February 18, 1564.