Wang Wei was born in the royal family of Hedong, and was a scholar in the ninth year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (72 1). Li Guan right gleaned, supervised the remonstrance, and made our time in Hexi. During the Tianbao period, he worshipped the official department as a doctor and a servant. When An Lushan captured Chang 'an, he was forced to accept a fake post. After Chang 'an was recovered, he was accused of granting Prince Zhongyun. In the first year of Tang Suzong's rule, he was appointed as a senior minister, known as "Wang Youcheng".
Wang Wei's literary achievements are mainly reflected in his poetry creation. Wang Wei's poems depict natural scenery such as mountains and rivers, rural areas, praise seclusion, vivid and vivid, and have both form and spirit. Yin Kun commented on Wang Wei's poems in Yue Ying Ling He Ji: "A pearl is made in spring and a painting is made on the wall." With a fresh and simple style, Wang Wei created the artistic conception of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting" and "Zen in poetry", and set up a banner in the field of poetry.
Wang Wei's pastoral poems, while depicting the natural beauty, reveal the leisure interest in the leisure life. After middle age, Wang Wei became increasingly depressed and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. He claimed that "silence is joy, and there is much leisure in this life" ("Fanbu Busan Monk"). This state of mind has been fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, on the one hand, because of his high artistic skills, on the other hand, because of his leisure and negative thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin said that Wang Wei's five-line poem "entered Zen", and he also said that two poems, "Bird Sound Stream" and "Wu Xinyi", "after reading it, all thoughts are silent" ("Poetry"), which is proof.
In Wang Wei's farewell, travel and other works, there are often "far trees lead, the sunset is red in the distant city" ("Money falls first"), "One night in Shan Yu, thousands of rivers and lakes fly to the Silk Waterfall" ("To Zizhou to make Li") and "At sunset, the rivers and lakes are white. When the tide comes, the sky is blue ("Farewell to Guizhou") and "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen".
In Wang Wei's works, military themes such as joining the army, Longxi, Yanzhi, hunting, going to the border and going out to the border and frontier life are all magnificent works. "The Song of the Dragon's Head" and "The Journey of the Old General" express the sadness that the generals are not rewarded for their meritorious service, and reflect one aspect of the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class. "Hunting" vividly describes the hunting scene. Yimen sang the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems in A Boy's Journey show chivalry, boldness, vivid images and smooth brushwork.
Wang Wei's poems, which often appear in the form of five laws and five sentences, are short in length, exquisite in language and soothing in syllables, especially suitable for expressing the tranquility of mountains and rivers and the poet's leisurely mood. People often comment on the works of the poet and painter Wang Wei with "painting in poetry and poetry in painting", which really summarizes its artistic characteristics and can be regarded as an irrefutable theory. There are many pastoral poems written by Wang Wei, and most of them have the characteristics of this combination of poetry and painting. The so-called "painting in poetry" refers to a high degree of visualization, that is, using language to describe a seemingly tangible picture of life.
Wang Wei's poetic realm
First, the picturesque beauty of Wang Wei's pastoral poems.
Wang Wei's pastoral poems show a distinct artistic style, and the artistic conception in his poems has become a valuable material quoted by literati and poets in past dynasties. The picturesque beauty of Wang Wei's pastoral poems can be summarized from two aspects.
On the one hand, it is hierarchical beauty. Wang Wei's pastoral poems skillfully use artistic composition techniques, which are reflected in many poems. For example, in Zhongnanshan, Wang Wei first described the great ship of Zhongnanshan in an exaggerated way, and this outline can only be overlooked, not nearsighted, otherwise it will make Zhongnanshan lose its mysterious beauty surrounded by clouds; Then the poet was in the middle of Zhongnanshan, describing the scene as if walking in the clouds; Then he put the poet in the middle peak of Mount Zhongnan, and he jumped to see that the scenery in the distance had changed, and the looming scene in the sun caught the poet's eye. Finally, the poet turned sharply to find a place to stay, and found the figure of Shanfu on the other side. The appearance of poets and sugar men is in sharp contrast with the agile and quiet Zhongnanshan, which further sets off the hierarchical beauty of poetry. On the other hand, its color is beautiful. Wang Wei's poems have not only the beauty of levels, but also the beauty of colors. He knows the mystery of color and uses it to innovate. He does not stick to style and theme, absorbs the experience of predecessors and boldly innovates. For example, in the poem "After a long rain, I will stay in Wangchuan" and "In the secluded marsh, egrets will fly in the shade and yellow in summer", and the poet will create a strong color contrast effect between the dense green "desert" and the lush green "shade".
Second, the rhythmic beauty of Wang Wei's pastoral poems
Unlike the royal aristocrats in the Tang Dynasty who were keen on Chinese songs and were praised by the world for their merits, Wang Wei changed from high spirits when he was young to middle-aged and elderly people, and became close to nature. The rhythm of his poetry changes with the change of his inner attitude, that is, he constantly changes from frontier poems to the tranquility of his pastoral poems. For example, in To the Fortress, through the poem "The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen", the scene of the desert is properly described, showing a vast and boundless scene of the desert. At the same time, it seems that you can hear the sound of geese passing by and the sound of long rivers rushing forward over the desert, and the waves are panoramic. Another example is "Mountain in Autumn Night", "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream", which depicts the dynamic and static combination of the mountain spring dripping on the rock on the bright moon night; Then, the appearance of "the washerwoman's bamboo language returns, and the lotus leaves are harvested in front of the fishing boat", accompanied by the laughter of the washerwoman from the bamboo forest, broke the tranquility of the mountain forest, and the rowing of the fishing boat also broke the tranquility of the moonlight in the lotus pond, and the picture with appropriate motion and motion was vivid.
Wang Wei's pastoral poems introduced a series of artistic elements such as poetry, painting and music. With the ingenious handling of levels, colors and rhythms, the poet just grasped the unique natural and dynamic realm of pastoral scenery, which is inseparable from the poet's love for secluded mountains and his keen concern for nature.
Third, the Zen beauty of Wang Wei's pastoral poems
In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, the spirit of advocating openness and freedom in the Tang Dynasty made a large number of foreign cultures accepted by the society at that time, and the Buddhist thought originated from ancient India was recognized by the Tang emperor, so that Zen prevailed. Wang Wei is one of the many followers of Zen. Due to the unsatisfactory official career, the poet lived in seclusion and believed in Buddhism in order to be indifferent to fame and fortune. When he returned to Shan Ye, he felt the nature with his body and mind, and formed a sense of life beyond himself. The poet's aesthetic wisdom is inspired by the life feelings of Zen relatives and the natural poetic philosophy of life. His pastoral poems show a high degree of ethereal beauty, reveal the philosophical thought of Zen, and also show the poet's profound cultural accomplishment. Wang Wei infiltrated Zen in his poems and established a seductive Zen style, which is also a great contribution of Wang Wei's pastoral poems. Wang Wei created the artistic conception of "emptiness" and "quietness", emphasizing the expression of spirit and ignoring symbols. Every detail of his creation seems to serve a complete realm, just like "a leaf comes as a Buddha and a flower is the world".