How did Du Fu's gloomy and frustrated style come into being? What are the main factors?

Du Fu is the greatest realistic poem in the history of China literature, closely following the pulse of his life. With his bumpy and rich life experience and highly exquisite poetic skills, he is full of enthusiasm for the people, and has formed a distinctive style "Depression and Frustration" which integrates profound ideological content, dignified and deep feelings, ever-changing expression and rigorous and sonorous rhythm. Keywords: how difficult it is to worry about the country and the people. Text: Du Fu (7 12-770) is the greatest realistic poem in Chinese history. His poems, known as "the history of poetry", have extensive and profound social content, distinctive colors of the times and strong political inclination, and are permeated with consistent feelings of ancestors. In the art of poetry, the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems is not only the best of the times, but also the first of later generations. First, the beauty of literature with both form and spirit-the expression of "depressed and frustrated" style in Du Fu's poems is rich and varied. "Depressed and frustrated" is his most distinctive style, which has always been recognized by students. First of all, those poems with tragic themes in Du Fu's poems can best express the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems. Du Shiqiang was once said to be half sad and half happy. Indeed, there are few voices of pure joy in Du Fu's poems. This is given to the author by the rapid change of the times environment, the poverty and hardship of personal life and the tortuous course of ideal pursuit. Look at the poem "Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuocheng Zhang" written by him when he was trapped in Chang 'an for ten years. A poem with the talent of "writing like a god" and the political ideal of "being a gentleman and then changing customs" can only be "detaining the rich in the morning and following the fat horse at night. The broken cup is cold and bitter, and the poem expresses the ambivalence from hope to anger, "How can you not be satisfied, just wander", but you can't walk, step by step three times, which is really "thinking deeply and screaming with grief". In the previous poem, the concept of "strike every bird, Mao Sa Wu Ping" ("Painting the Eagle") has disappeared; The rambling life of "Let's make Zhao Shi and Qiu Ma quite clear and crazy together" has changed. Looking at Du Fu's early works, Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei should be said to be the first one to reflect the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems. In the same period, going to Fengxian from Beijing can be said to be a multi-act tragedy, including a social tragedy of "the wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death" and a family tragedy of "the youngest son starved to death". Chariot Shop tells a tragedy of "expanding territory" from several unique scenes: there is a painful parting scene of "they run with you and cry, and they pull your sleeve", a scene of "dying in the battle of flowing into the sea at the border", a bleak scene of "nothing grows except weeds in thousands of villages" and a tragic scene of "harvesting without bones since ancient times". Poetry worries about the people and is a mere expression of singing and chanting. Throughout the ten years' poetry creation, the "eventful autumn in Shan Yu" is described from the aspects of unrealized political ideals, serious benefits from class exploitation, decadent benefits from the ruling class, and more difficult people's lives, showing scenes of tragedy and showing the author's "depressed and frustrated" style. In the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, which was the total outbreak of various social crises. The rebels are threatening, the family is ruined and the people are miserable. So the poem picked up a huge sum of money and described a series of tragedies. "If you have enough food, the rafters will be humble" (Peng ADB), poems and notes of Chen Min's forbearance: ① Zhao Wei of Fang; (2) Xu Hun's "fairy city east tower"; And "Xi Yun Qi Shenting, Shan Yu Lailou"; "When the concubines are slaughtered, they even bake the earth" ("Entering"), Chang' an is flowing; "People wash their arrows back, but they still sing and drink the city" ("Sad Chen Tao"). The Central Plains was washed and reveled. It is under such circumstances that the poem is always concerned about the future of the family: "Gan Kun is covered with scars, and when the worry will stop" (Northern Expedition). The famous "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" are six short tragedies: among those who were recruited to guard the city when they were young, there were old women who longed to serve in the river, bridegrooms who bid farewell at dusk, and old men who joined the army to bid farewell to their wives in their twilight years, which was a tragic war suffered by the people. Of course, the poem also expresses its support for the just war: "Please instruct the generals to beware of customs, learn songs carefully and be comfortable", so why should the heart in the poem be false? "Work hard for the wedding" is the aspiration of the people and the call of poetry through the bride. During this period, "three years in the flute, ten thousand soldiers in front of the grass wind" ("washing horses"), the poeticization of poetry reached a new height. It can be said that he never forgot his troubled ancestors and people until his death: "The flow of war has remained unchanged, and the army has moved to this day". This is an exhausting poem-a sentence in "Sleeping on a pillow in a boat with wind disease, giving it to relatives and friends in Hunan", which is exactly what the poem can't print. From the analysis, we can see that there is a qualitative difference between depression and sadness or melancholy in Du Fu's poems. Du Fu lived in troubled times, struggling for food and clothing, suffering from poverty and illness. But in his poems, he expressed more thoughts about his family and people, and about the past, present and future of the world around him. His deep feelings and broad mind make his poems reflect not a petty and weak feeling, but a noble, rich and powerful "tragic"; This makes most of his tragic works present a unique "depressed and frustrated" style. Secondly, Du Fu's "depressed and frustrated" style is also reflected in his magnificent system. Although Du Fu can "learn from the system of modern people and specialize in what he does" (Yuan Zhen), the grand system of his ancient poems, parallel poems and general poems is his first and unique. In these works, grand and continuous poetic thoughts gallop across the earth in an endless and varied way, which has produced great sensory effects. For example, Notes on the North: ① Chen Tingzhuo's Notes on the Thorn of Baiyuzhai is as long as 140 lines. The author's thoughts of worrying about the country and the people and the hope of the ZTE family contain grand historical content, thus enriching this "extensive and profound" natural Du Fu's sketches, such as Mourning Chen Tao, Hope and Book Tour. Like bright pearls, they adorn the Wan Li sky of Du Fu's poems and reflect each other. Second, the rich and bumpy life experience and the characteristics of the times-the formal reason of Du Fu's "depressed and frustrated" style-the word "depressed and frustrated" first appeared in Du Fu's middle-aged "Into the Carving and Fu Biao". Although he could not pass on the six classics, he sang a few words first. As for depressed and frustrated, he was quick at any time to promote his hero. "A hundred years of songs are bitter and there is no confidant." This is Du Fu's final sigh for his works. Yes, the poems written by Du Fu all his life did not receive due attention at that time. However, shortly after his death, the name of this poem became more and more prominent. From the middle Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty and then to the Song Dynasty, the literary world spared no effort in praising Du Fu. However, apart from Yan Yu's general comment in Song Dynasty's Cang Shi Hua that "the beauty of the son is not Kaya, and the beauty of the son cannot be depressed", there is no talk about the gloomy style of Du Fu's poems. Du Fu's accidental self-evaluation can best represent the style of his works, which may have been recommended by Yuan Mei, a poetic critic in Qing Dynasty. He pointed out in "Poems with Fate": "There must be rich fragrance first, and then there must be depressed and frustrated works. But I know that Shaoling never forgets her husband at every meal, and I don't know that she is among friends, brothers, couples and children. Why not go deeper? ..... "Subsequently, Zhu Yizun, Chen Tingzhuo, etc. Also talked about it. Although most of their discourses are poetic, lacking coherence and systematicness, this concept first comes from Du Fu's self-description and can truly represent most of Du Fu's works as a whole. As the artistic style of Du Fu's poems, "depression and frustration" has been gradually recognized and accepted by scholars, which is the final conclusion in today's literary history. "Depression" and "frustration" are two different concepts. In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Zhantai said in his "Du's Topics": "Depressed people are also interested; Frustrated people, the law is also. The meaning is not a secret. " In other words, depression is related to the theme of the work; Frustration is related to the expression of works, such as planning, structure, wording and sentence making, etc. They are unified. Throughout Du Fu's works, the ideological content is profound and lasting; The emotional realm is dignified and deep, melancholy and tragic; The expression is full of twists and turns. First: "The main basis of style is the writer's rich life and lofty desire for life. Rich life forced him to have something to say and enrich his works; Noble desires guide his works to make a living. " (1) Du Fu was born in a family of "observing Confucianism and officials". Influenced by feudal orthodoxy education and family poetics in his early years, he "thought strongly at the age of seven and sang about the phoenix" (Zhuang You). In the 19th year of Kaiyuan, that is, "to swim without toil" (recalling the past), Du Fu began his traveling life. Long-term roaming has made this poem feel the magnificence of the ancestors' rivers and mountains, broadened its horizons, and made Zhi Tao know, "When you reach the top, you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." . This is the poem's praise for Mount Tai, and it is also the poem's encouragement and self-commitment. In the fifth year of Tianbao, Du Fu, who is interested in "being a gentleman, being a gentleman and making customs pure", went to Beijing again with the ideal of "mastering everything" and took part in the so-called "move" of "having a skill and aiming to learn from others" the following year. Amid congratulations, Du Fu's official career suffered another setback. If he doesn't mind the failure in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan, "I am the first examiner, leaving Beijing and Tang Yin alone" ("Du You"), this time it will be very different. Not only can ambition not be put into practice, but life has also begun to decline, leading a humiliating and sad life of "rich and prosperous, fat horses and dead dust". The naive fantasy in the poem was shattered, and the cold reality forced him to face up to the reality, see the corruption of the rulers and the sorrow of the broad masses of the people, and approach the people. Since the history of An 'an, poetry has lived a wandering life with the general public. During the period of being left to clean up the mess, poetry died in danger to remonstrate politics and had a deeper understanding of reality. When I fled my hometown, comments: ① Sun Li's On Style, "My wife complained that I was here, and I was still in tears when I wrote it" (the first part of Three Poems in Qiang Village), it can be seen that the poem has been dusty all the way, as if it were a lifetime ago. Wandering in the southwest, "He hoes first, but still seeks after it", and poetry has become a veritable farmer. In the poem, I never forget my family's sufferings, but I still hope that "I won't travel thousands of miles to save the old horse since ancient times" (Jianghan), and I will be given "I am worried about seeing Chang 'an straight to the north" (A Boat full of cold food) until my death. Yes, Du Fu's career was bumpy, his ambition was hard to be rewarded, he was ill, poor and destitute, but he was still determined, honed Du Fu and made his jade. Therefore, the rich life of poetry and the lofty and strong desire to save the people are one of the reasons for the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Xing's poetry.