Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12 -770), with beautiful words, was originally from Xiangyang (now Xiangyang City, Hubei Province) and later moved to Gongxian County (now Gongxian County, Henan Province). People, Du, number Shaoling night old. The world called him Shi Sheng, a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty in China, a world cultural celebrity and a contemporary "Poet Fairy". Du Fu was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). His ancestors were Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was originally Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang, and later he was called Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu lived in the historical period of Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, and were known as "the history of poetry". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and was honored as a "poet saint" by later generations. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. There is a famous saying: "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death", "An De has a vast building, which greatly protects the poor in the world", and there are three Xin Xian. Du Fu's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focuses on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetic art.. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th rhythm, and accumulated complete artistic experience in melody, antithesis, and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonist, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, seven ancient poems, five laws and seven laws, he also wrote many rules and regulations. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems have been widely valued, especially after the Song Dynasty, Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as the spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190.
Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of life sufferings, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.
Du Fu's Caotang, near Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu, is the residence of Du Fu after he arrived in Chengdu.
Du Fu wrote many immortal poems in his life, of which more than 1500 have been handed down to this day.
In the fourth year of Tang Dynasty (769), Du Fu entered Hunan from Hubei, climbed Yueyang Tower, swam Dongting Lake, went up Xiangjiang River and reached Leiyang, and died in April of the following year. According to the Biography of Old Tang Fu, Du Fu visited Yue Temple in Leiyang and was buried in Du Fu's tomb. "When the flood reached its peak, he was not allowed to eat for ten days. The county magistrate gave him beef and white wine, so he drank too much and died overnight."