Appreciate this poem and grasp several key words: Cang Kejia; Realism; Chinese style? Farmers?
For the history of modern and contemporary literature in China, Cang Kejia is a rich existence, and his literary activities have lasted for more than 70 years. The Complete Works of Cang Kejia published at the end of 2002 has 12 volumes, with nearly 6.3 million words. Cang Kejia is an important page in the history of modern and contemporary literature in China and one of the pioneers of China's realistic new poems. ?
Cang Kejia is famous for his new poem, but his prose, covered by the title of this poem, has also made great achievements. It should be said that his prose and poetry are equally divided in the time and quantity of creation. Prose and memoirs, including Wild Shop, Frog, Meeting in the Cave, Sea, Fire and My Poetic Life, are a major topic for prose critics. In his later years, Cang Kejia was old and sick, unable to touch the fresh life, so he "turned his head upside down when he was old, and wrote more prose and less poetry". "I try my best to grasp prose to express the interest of my poems." [1] Cang Kejia's poems seldom tend to be dull; On the other hand, his prose pursues poeticization-it contains the soul of poetry, which establishes the flavor of Cang Kejia's prose. Some partisans even say that "writing is not as good as poetry". ?
From a horizontal perspective, first of all, it seems that children who know nothing about the world and have not sweated are not sad enough; The second time was the "sweaty" father, whose melancholy mood showed poetry; Finally, grandpa who died of sweating showed his sadness. The life of a peasant in the soil! From a vertical perspective, the three images of children-father-grandfather represent not only three generations, but also countless generations. This is the embodiment of the life track of farmers from generation to generation in China, and each image is highly summarized. The meticulous observation, profound thinking, ingenious writing and strong aftertaste are beyond the reach of other poets. This alone, the achievement of Cang Kejia, a "peasant poet", goes without saying. ?
Cang Kejia put great emphasis on writing only what he is familiar with, which is a major feature of his realism. On the relationship between "the needs of the times" and "being familiar with oneself", he emphasized familiarity with the subject matter. Of course, with the changes of the times, poets should be familiar with the new and unfamiliar life in the past, which is complete realism. In the preface "A War in the Middle" written by him for Song of the Earth 1946 edition, he said: "When can I stop worrying, grieving and angry about their tragic fate and sing such unpleasant songs? When, let me sing a happy and liberated song for them-China farmers, in truth, just like they sing a sad song? " He was familiar with farmers in old China, so he wrote about farmers in old China. But he also longs for new people and a new world. ?
Cang Kejia is always attracted by the natural scenery of the countryside. As long as the conditions are met, his inspiration will come easily, so one excellent work will come out. 1942, he finished Song of the Earth, which is Cang Kejia's most important work besides the satisfaction of the brand and the poet himself. After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, poets and writers reflected on their own creation-empty enthusiasm disappeared, high-profile cries became hoarse, and some poets and writers returned to familiar themes, looked at old themes with new aesthetic eyes and wrote new works in the new era. So Ba Jin wrote Spring (1939) and Autumn (1940). Cao Yu writes about Beijingers (1941); Mao Dun wrote that frost leaves are as red as February flowers (1943); Cang Kejia wrote his 1 1 poetry collection Song of the Earth. Compared with those urgent chapters that sing current affairs directly, Cang Kejia said: "I am best suited to sing such songs, but maybe I can only sing such songs." [16] 1944, when he edited Selected Poems of Ten Years, few works directly representing the bonfire of the Anti-Japanese War were selected. ?
Cang Kejia's poem is a philosophy brewed in lyricism, and it is a philosophical poem. Wen Yiduo once had an incisive conclusion, "There is not a poem of Ke family that does not have extremely real life significance." This "extreme truth" comes from the poet's philosophical summary of his concern and grasp of the essence of life. "Three Generations", a "very true" lyric short poem, has simple, concise, cold and profound artistic characteristics. ?
Twenty-one words and three words in the poem "Three Generations" constitute a picture of the life of three generations dealing with the soil. Poetry looks like running water, but it is endless, concise and meaningful. The whole poem uses a set of parallelism sentences in one go. The word "bathing" in the poem reminds people of the childishness of children, but at the same time we can also imagine the poverty of farmers. The word "sweating" is a manifestation of farmers' hard work. But the result of "sweating like a pig" failed to lift them out of poverty, which not only made people feel unfair, but also embarrassed them. The ending of "Grandpa" being buried in the soil is not quite consistent with the homes of ordinary people. However, at this time, this situation is very thoughtful while sympathetic. The word "in the soil" overlaps with the persistent pursuit of land by hardworking farmers. From the life picture of three generations dealing with the soil described by the poet, we can see not only the fate of a peasant family, but a concentrated summary of the fate of a peasant for thousands of years. It can be seen that this poem has profound connotation and the poet's philosophical thinking, so it is short, but it has infinite significance. The image of "facing the loess and facing the sky" in the poem, the hardship of being accompanied by soil from generation to generation, and the sadness of being buried at the end of life strongly infect every reader and deeply impact people's hearts. ?
In writing, the poet does not make any modification or description, but uses extremely simple and concise brushwork to tightly fasten the relationship between farmers and the land, revealing a ruthless fact: the "child" who is "bathed in the soil" today will "sweat in the soil" tomorrow, while the "father" at that time was old and weak, draining all his blood and sweat, and the poem contained both the poet's sympathy for the farmers. The poet's emotion is infinite and secret, and his writing style is simple, simple and profound, which makes this poem a masterpiece reflecting farmers' life.