"Chinese Curriculum Standard" advocates a new concept of exercise teaching: providing students with a broad writing space, reducing the constraints on writing, enabling students to express their subjective feelings and realizing the personalization of exercises. In other words, students' exercises should be personalized and creative, and special attention should be paid to the cultivation of students' thinking quality and thinking methods. Students are innovative in thinking and can express unique and distinctive articles. Below, the author talks about how to train students' thinking and learn to express accurately in exercise teaching based on his own teaching.
First, find the best way of thinking and train multi-directional thinking.
The nature of the things or themes shown in practice is not single, but a complex of many aspects, diversification, multi-level, multi-factors and multi-relationships, which provides objective conditions for multi-directional thinking training. Therefore, when guiding students to write, we should guide them to break through the shackles of thinking mode and organically combine exercise training with training to cultivate multi-directional thinking. Around a central issue, it is expressed in different ways from different aspects, different ways and different angles.
1. Original
Guide students to observe life from multiple angles, capture materials, train students to analyze, understand and examine from different angles according to the same material, determine different centers, and guide students to express their personal feelings and ideas from different ideas.
For example, arrange students to take a street or road as an observation point during the Spring Festival, and count how many cars, motorcycles and mopeds pass by in dozens of minutes. According to this phenomenon, students are guided to give ideas from many angles: some reflect that the reform and opening up policy is good, the society is changing with each passing day, and people's living standards are constantly improving; There are more and more traffic accidents, reminding everyone to pay attention to traffic safety; It is suggested that the government expand roads and build overpasses as soon as possible; Some also reflect the exhaust emissions of motorcycles and mopeds, polluting the urban environment, and call for controlling exhaust emissions and protecting the urban environment; There is also a compliment to the traffic police uncle for sticking to his post despite the cold. Because in guiding ideas, according to students' own experience, students are guided to think about radiation from different angles, different directions, different levels, multiple sides and all directions, which breaks the closed limitation of single-angle thinking, and thinking can gain more space and highlight the agility and novelty of thinking.
2. Real-time selection
Life is rich and colorful, and the content of sports should not be single. According to students' different thinking characteristics, we should train them to express the same proposition from different aspects and try to choose new and different materials.
For example, an autumn outing entitled "Climbing Chicheng Mountain" can inspire students to choose materials from the following aspects: guide students to carefully observe different scenery seen in different places during climbing, and write an article praising the beauty of nature by changing the scenery; Writing about the feelings of people who want to give up because the mountain is too high and then stick to it shows their determination to stick to it and not give up until they reach their goal; When you climb to the top of the mountain, you can see the beautiful scenery of Tiantai City from a distance, telling people that "you can only see far if you stand high"; On the way to climb the mountain, students help each other, encourage each other, praise the friendship between students and so on. This change of material selection and description angle is an important way to obtain rich and colorful practice materials. Not only have a large number of "same" general materials, but also find many "different" precious materials, break through the old fixed thinking trap, avoid a single and directional thinking direction, and achieve the effect of improving writing ability and developing thinking ability simultaneously.
Change the style
Instruct students to write different styles of compositions according to the same theme. For example, the article "osmanthus rain" mainly focuses on helping adults shake osmanthus flowers and make osmanthus food when they were young, reflecting the happiness of childhood and expressing their feelings of missing their hometown. As there are many osmanthus trees on campus, guide students to write a composition with "Osmanthus fragrans" as the main topic: lead students to carefully observe the appearance of Osmanthus fragrans in the order from far to near, then observe the types of Osmanthus fragrans, smell its fragrance and write an explanatory article about Osmanthus fragrans. You can also write travel notes to record what you see, hear, think and feel when you see osmanthus; Who can guide students to associate with osmanthus? (An unknown and selfless person like osmanthus fragrans), learn how to write peanuts, write essays that use things to describe people, write poems and write advertisements. Through training, students can get the happiness of thinking innovation, and the exercises are colorful and innovative. By changing genres, students' thinking flexibility and novelty are cultivated.
Second, be good at being unconventional and train originality in thinking.
This situation often happens in the selection of materials for primary school students' exercises: when it comes to writing people, it is often written that someone walks to find a wallet and gives it to the police uncle or helps the old man cross the road; Students get sick, teachers visit at night, make up lessons and so on. Let people look at the top and guess what it is like below, just like Korean dramas, there is no suspense.
To overcome the problem of stereotyped practice materials, teachers should guide students to choose new angles and original materials to express them, which is helpful to cultivate the originality of students' thinking.
1. Looking for uniqueness
We can rethink the problems that people are familiar with or have realized from a new angle and in a new way, and highlight our personal life experience. For example, when it snows heavily, the teacher takes the opportunity to write an observation diary on the topic of snow. The vast majority of students in the class wrote scenes of snow. Students play with snowmen and are full of praise for the snow. Only one student wrote about the fault of snow, which was unconventional and quite creative: "Heavy snow caused traffic jams and even traffic accidents;" Frostbite of vegetables leads to an increase in vegetable prices; The collapse of poor people's old houses really added insult to injury. It is because it is doing such activities that it can't see the sun. As soon as the sun comes out, it can't live. " This kind of thinking is unconventional and dare to be unconventional, which is the flash of original thinking. Teachers should renew their ideas, respect students' individuality, protect students' curiosity, and give enthusiastic praise and encouragement to students' unique opinions in exercises. Overcoming inertial thinking and forming personal unique feelings often leads to a new approach and originality.
Show your magic
Train the originality of students' thinking, look for unusual knowledge, and put forward correct, novel and original opinions. Once, the school organized students to watch a children's art performance. Because of the wonderful performance, and the performers are all of the same age, the students are very excited and have been talking about the performance enthusiastically, which shows that they have moved their hearts and feelings. What a good exercise opportunity! I will seize this opportunity and let them show their "routines". According to the routine, most students start with the whole performance, and the topic is "A Wonderful Literary Performance", and write the whole literary performance through several wonderful programs; Some started with small programs such as "poetry reading" that made people cry, thought-provoking sketches, cheerful and dynamic songs and dances, wonderful trapeze, and clown performances that made people laugh ... The teacher promptly guided: Everyone just attacked the performance content, who has any different ideas? Soon, many students criticized the spirit of the performers: with the theme of "plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold" and "one minute on stage and ten years off stage", the wonderful performance came from hard work and praised the diligence of the actors; With the theme of "Unity and cooperation produce excellent products", it is written that only each actor can guarantee the success of the performance and praise the unity spirit of the actors; With the title of "admirable little actor", write the inspiration from the wonderful performances of peers. Guiding the thinking of exercises to seek "originality", students' exercises have changed from writing performance content to writing performers, praising their spirit, and their thinking has deepened a lot. However, in terms of expanding ideas, it has not yet reached the ideal state, and students' creative thinking needs to be further activated, so I asked, "Do you still have any illusions after watching this performance?" "Based on this, what articles can you write?" At the same time, the author repeatedly encourages: "Say what you think, and students with their own ideas are the most creative people." A student stood up slowly and said, "Can you write down my wish on the topic of' If I can do magic'-change clothes and food for the affected people so that they can avoid the threat of hunger and cold?" "Good idea! Precious love! Your thinking is really active, it's amazing! " The author excitedly set an example in front of the whole class-an "original" example.
In guiding "originality", the author guides students to change their thinking angle again and again. Students' thinking modes are diverse, extensive and profound, thus cultivating the originality of thinking. When they express themselves, they are no longer narrow-minded
Third, enrich the associative imagination and train the visualization of thinking.
Einstein said, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." Qin Mu compared imagination to a "wild horse in thought". With it, your mind will be broadened, your thinking will be flexible, and a novel and vivid image will emerge in your mind, which will bring infinite brilliance and creativity to your practice and your expression will be brilliant. In class, we should try our best to create imagination space for students, and carry out exercises such as listening to music and writing stories, writing children's poems, fairy tales, imagination and fantasy. Encourage students to imagine boldly and let all kinds of sparks collide with each other through different expressions.
For example, childhood ink painting is a group of children's poems with clear language and beautiful artistic conception. Just like ink painting, it outlines three typical sketches of children's life: reading Water Margin in the street, fishing in the stream and swimming in the stream. Let the students imagine while reading. The smile on the child's mouth and the happy laughter in the text seem to flash in front of his eyes and fill his ears. The teacher's lens guides the students: your childhood is also happy. Do you have the impulse to write a poem? Take a few pictures of your life as soon as possible, and students will immediately think of: childhood scenes of living on the grass-flying kites, stadiums-sports meetings, parks-playing games, etc. Write a poem about the richest man with childlike interest to effectively stimulate students' imagination and creativity.
In a word, the cultivation of students' thinking quality and thinking method can train primary school students' thinking multidirectional, original and vivid. With these thinking qualities, the expression is natural, fresh and smooth. Therefore, composition teaching in primary schools should constantly adopt innovative ways and means, persistently penetrate thinking training, deeply tap students' thinking potential, and let primary school students accurately express and think carefully in their homework.