Not only that, those who recite small objects purely by ci fu all start with praise. Wang Bao changed the theme from hunting and womanhood to small objects; Turn grand style into delicate and indulgent style; Turn the exaggerated technique of accumulation into subtle and meticulous technique. His masterpiece Ode to Dong Xiao embodies three changes. Ode to Dong Xiao first describes the scenery in the bamboo forest, and then describes the moving, indescribable, exquisitely crafted and exquisite flute. No wonder Emperor Hanyuan "made the harem princes read it" when he was a prince, and it's no wonder that Wen Xin Diao Long praised "Zi Yuan Dong Xiao, whose voice and capacity changed". Dong Xiao Fu is a poem describing music that appeared very early and has a great influence on later generations. In addition, when Wang Bo was in Shu, he wrote Tongyue in dialect, describing the treatment of slaves in a playful style, from which we can get a glimpse of the western Shu society in the Western Han Dynasty.
In 5 1 year BC, Bao Wang was ordered to Yizhou, where he finished the book "Moving Golden Horse and Chicken" on the way, and soon died at the age of 40. Wang Bao left 16 pieces of ci-fu, 1 the biography of the real king of Tongbai, 1 1 a piece of Wang Jianyi Ji was collected in the late Ming Dynasty. 1998, Wang Honglin published Textual Research and Translation of Wang Baoji.
Anecdotal tea is a tribute and sacrifice, which is known to have appeared in Zhou Wuwang during the cutting period or the pre-Qin period. As a commodity, tea only appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. In the first month of the third year of Emperor Xuandi in the Western Han Dynasty (59 years ago), Wang Bao, a native of Zizhong (now Ziyang, Sichuan), lived in the home of a widow named Yang Hui in Anzhili, Chengdu. The Yang family has a bearded slave named Baole, and Wang Bao often sends him to buy wine. Because Wang Bao is an outsider, he is unwilling to run errands for him, and he suspects that he may have an affair with Yang. One day, he ran to his master's grave to pour out his dissatisfaction and said, "Doctor, when you bought a toilet, as long as I was guarding the house, you didn't let me buy wine for other men." When Wang Bao learned about it, he was angry at that time. In a rage, on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, he bought it from Yang for fifteen thousand yuan and became a slave.
I reluctantly followed Wang Bao, but I was helpless. But when he was writing the contract, he suggested to Wang Bao: "In this case, you should write everything clearly in the contract just like when the Yang family bought me, or I won't do it."
Wang Bao is good at ci fu and proficient in six arts. In order to teach him a lesson and make him obey, he wrote a contract about 600 words long, entitled "Contract", listing all kinds of labor items and working hours, so that he could not be idle from morning till night. The heavy work in the contract makes it difficult to load. He begged Wang Bao with tears, saying, if you go on like this, I'm afraid you'll soon be exhausted in the loess. If I had known this, I would have bought you wine every day.
Judging from the tone of the text, this book is only the author's pastime, and there are many teasing and humorous sentences in it. But Wang Bao inadvertently left a very important stroke for the history of Chinese tea.
There are two references to tea in Tongyue, namely, "Make tea as best as you can" and "Five sheep buy tea, and Yang bears it". "Everything is available for making tea" means frying tea and preparing clean tea sets. "Wuyang buys tea" means rushing to Wuyang (now Shuangjiang, pengshan county, Chengdu) in the neighboring county to buy tea.
According to the records of "Hua Yang Guo Zhi Shu Zhi", "Nan 'an and Wuyang are famous for their tea", we can see why Wang Bao went to Wuyang to buy tea conveniently.
From the study of tea history, tea can be sold as a commodity, which shows that tea drinking at that time has at least begun to be popular among the middle class, which shows that tea drinking was quite popular in the Western Han Dynasty.
It is also necessary to repeat here that William, the American tea authority. In the Book of Tea, Ukes said: "In the 5th century, tea gradually became a commodity." At the end of the 6th century, tea changed from medicine to drink. I'm afraid he won't say anything so arbitrary when he saw the contract written by Wang Bao, because the exact time of the fact that Wuyang bought tea involved commercial tea, which was on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month in 59 BC, five centuries earlier than the so-called fifth century in the tea book.
Literary Achievements Wang Bao is good at poetry creation, devoted to poetry creation, and has high attainments in music. At that time, Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was an emperor who loved literature and music very much. He could write by himself. Therefore, he often recruits scholars from all over the country to Chang 'an. As the "to be believed" of royal literature and music. Wang Xiang, the secretariat of Yizhou, learned that Wang Bao was a very talented person, so he invited him to Chengdu to write poems in Chengdu and sing his poems with music. Wang Bao also made a biography for Wang Xiang, so he won his appreciation. He is considered to have extraordinary talent. Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, immediately ordered the summons.
After Wang Bo went to Beijing, Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, made a topic and asked him to write an article "Ode to the Prime Minister and Minister". Wang Bao spent some time thinking about how to write this article. When he conceived, he thought of horses, so he had the "scene" of horses running in the text.
When you gallop, you suddenly feel like a scene. Crossing the country is like a calendar. Chasing for electricity, chasing for legacy, flowing around octupole, Wan Li breath. How Liao zai, military forces also! "Wang Bao writes a horse and writes a ruler. There are six reins in his hand, and he can manipulate it freely. He deliberately compared the sage of the Lord with a fine royal horse, which reflected the hard work of Emperor Xuan Di from one side. This article is the representative work of Wang Bao's prose. The description is very vivid and the music is quite urgent, which gives people the feeling of seeing his horse and hearing his voice. This article was favored by Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di. He appointed Wang Bao as the letter to be written, and soon he was promoted to doctor of advice. Wang Bao also wrote "Four Gentlemen on Morality", which was also a work praising the imperial court at that time. His literary talent is also very rich, such as "What's unhappy about this world?"? ",which means all is well. In memory of Qu Yuan's words, he wrote Wang Bo's important work Jiuhuai. The author respects the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan and sympathizes with his unfortunate experience. Therefore, Jiuhuai is both emotional and gorgeous, quite in the style of Li Sao. Later, Liu Xiang compiled The Songs of the South, and Wang Yi wrote The Songs of the South, all of which were included in this article, and Shu Quan Yi Wen Zhi also recorded the full text.
Wang Bao also wrote "Tongyue", which is the most distinctive of his works and describes what he experienced personally when he was in Sichuan. In the third year of Shenjue (59 BC), when Wang Bao went to "Fried Merchants", that is, Chongqing Merchants (now Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province), he encountered a dispute between master and slave at the home of widow Yang She. He entered into a slave contract, which clearly stipulated a number of servitude that slaves must engage in and a number of living conditions that slaves were not allowed to obtain. This is an extremely precious historical material, and its value far exceeds the ode to the monarch and ministers appreciated by Emperor Xuandi of Emperor Gaozu. There is such a record in Yue Yue: "There are all tools to kill fish and shoot turtles when making tea"; "Lead dogs to sell geese, and Wuyang to buy tea". This is the earliest record of drinking, buying and growing tea in China and even in the world. From this record, we can know that Sichuan is the earliest area to grow and drink tea in the world; Wuyang (now Pengshan, Sichuan) was the main tea producing area and famous tea market at that time. In addition, his description of the slave's working life and the relationship between slaves and partners at that time is an extremely important material for studying the social situation in Sichuan in the Han Dynasty, from which people can understand one aspect of the social life in the Western Han Dynasty.
Wang Bao is especially good at writing small poems about things. He is a representative writer of object-chanting poems in Han Dynasty. His masterpiece Dong Xiao Fu was highly praised at that time. Dong Xiao was originally a kind of ancient Xiao with quiet pronunciation, which was widely used in court and folk. Dong Xiao Fu not only describes the birth of Xiaoguan, but also describes the scenery in the bamboo forest. This also shows Xiao Sheng's moving, extreme depiction and exaggeration. The whole article describes Dong Xiao's voice, form, sound quality and function in a large number of words. Harmonious tone, detailed description and vivid image.
, fresh style. This kind of fu is different from the big fu in Han Dynasty, but belongs to the small fu that is proud, pleasing and entertaining. For example, there is a passage: "The morning dew is cold, and it is measured, and the jade liquid infiltrates and inherits its roots. The solitary crane wins its entertainment, and the spring birds are flying. Autumn silk doesn't eat, but sings, and the mysterious ape cries sadly. In seclusion and seclusion, thick desert oil is mixed with otters. However, Emperor Xuan Di, like Emperor Wu, believed in immortals and liked hunting. After Wang Bao worked in Beijing for a period of time, Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di listened to the alchemist and asked him to go back to Yizhou to worship the legendary "Golden Horse and Chicken Treasure". Unexpectedly, he got sick on the road and died on the road without treatment. The artistic evaluation of "Fifty-four Years of Emperor Wu" changed Huang Lao's desire politics from doing nothing to respecting Confucianism in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. He fought against foreign enemies, made great achievements at home, and the atmosphere was extravagant. Of course, it has achieved the prosperity of a generation, and also provided rich soil for the creation and prosperity of Fu literature. But after all, he paid a heavy price, such as wasting the household registration, halving the household registration, and the economy was on the verge of collapse. Therefore, after Zhao Di ascended the throne, he resumed inaction politics and rested with the people. When I arrived in Xuan Di, on the one hand, I thought that the doctor was lenient and obedient to the people, making the country like ZTE in history; On the one hand, he revised the story of Emperor Wu, told the story of the Six Arts Troupe, gave full play to the strangeness, enlisted Jiujiang for the publication of Chu Ci, and summoned Liu Xiang, Zhang, Hualong and Liu Bao to sit in Jinmamen. ……
This is a good song and poem, and it is a good thing to coordinate the law ... It is a good fairy ... (Han Shu Wang Bao Biography), so the creation of Ci and Fu is revived again. Historical Records: Praise Zhang et al. and wait for the imperial edict. Its number is praised, but fortunately, it is praised by the palace. The first place is high, but it is poor. However, the scale and weather are not as good as before, but show a downward trend from the peak. The momentum and boldness shown in Sima Xiangru's Zi Xu Fu have disappeared. Moreover, when Wang Bao sang praises for Xuan Di Hunting and the Palace Museum, he was even criticized by public opinion, and most discussants thought that * * * was in no hurry. This actually indicates the beginning of the decline of Han Fu. Bao Wang was born in Ziyuan and Zizhong (now Ziyang County, Sichuan Province). The year of birth and death cannot be tested. When Xuan Di proclaimed himself emperor, Wang Xiang, the secretariat of Yizhou, recommended him as a gifted scholar, and he was soon employed as an admonition officer.
Wang Bo was the most outstanding fu writer in this period. There are 16 pieces of his fu "History of Han Dynasty and Art and Literature", but the only ones that have been handed down to this day are "A Xian Yi Xian Fu" in "The Original Biography of Han Dynasty", "Lei Ju Ganquan Palace Fu" in "Selected Works" and "Jiuhuai Fu" in "Songs of Chu".
Wang Bo is the most interesting fu writer in Han Dynasty. His poems often don't pursue political satire and discipline, but they are as beautiful as women workers and Zheng Wei in music, showing the pure literary attributes of beautiful comments, pleasant sounds, birds and birds, and views on animals and plants, so they didn't meet the standards of Confucianism at that time, but as a language art that cultivated temperament, they had more aesthetic value. This is recorded in Biography of Hanshu: the prince is uneasy, forgetful and unhappy. Imperial edicts and hymns are too dangerous. Serving the prince, he reads strange articles and his own creations day and night. It can be seen that the prince's illness has calmed down. With the continuous development of social civilization, human spiritual needs and aesthetic enjoyment are bound to be more diversified. In fact, as early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the founder of the Confucian school, had already noticed this. His famous assertion that "poetry" can be appreciated, watched, grouped and resented is evidence. In this sense, Wang Bo's conscious aesthetic consciousness was not only unique at that time, but also conformed to the objective law of literature's own development. Dong Xiao Fu can be said to be Wang Baomei's masterpiece.
This poem adopts Sao style in artistic form, but its content is not to express the sad fate since Jia Yi, but to describe the body in detail, which is completely a big fu pattern, which can indicate that the Sao style fu in Han Dynasty has finally completed the transformation from ci to fu. At the same time, this unique style of "Sao Fu" does not take the narrator as the leading factor, fictional characters, questions and answers, but begins to directly describe and reproduce the sung content; It is not expressing one's ambition in the pawn stamp, but expressing the bamboo quality, production, sound and efficacy of the small flute. From appearance to internal principle, the sound, shape and appearance are vivid and beautiful, which naturally reveals the author's admiration for beautiful things. In addition, in language, it is not the separation of scattered rhymes and the piling up of strange characters, but the use of rhyme, tone and beauty all the time, and the use of exquisite parallel couplets in layout. For example, the bamboo pole that describes the flute: it supports the body in the back soil and does not move after thousands of years. Suck the essence, and it will moisturize and tighten. I feel the change of yin and yang, and my life is attached to the emperor. ..... The morning dew is clear, it falls to its side, the jade liquid infiltrates, and its roots are taken. The solitary crane is better than the next, and the spring bird flies on the ground. Autumn cockroaches don't eat, but they are simple and lasting; The mysterious ape wailed and searched everywhere. Secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded secluded ……
It can be described as the natural beauty of the flute, pure and quiet, and it is an excellent flute material. Fine brushwork, quite poetic. These are obviously different from Sima Xiangru's stereotyped prose poems, showing valuable artistic innovation. Poems about objects originated from Xun Qing's Cloud Silkworm, but the words are short and full of argot, and they have just started. Ge Hong's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing in Jin Dynasty was written by Mei Cheng, Lu Qiao's He Fu, Jiu Fu, Gong's Yue Fu and Screen Fu, among which Liu Fu, He Fu, Yue Fu and Screen Fu were also written, so Dong Xiao Fu was the first one to be seen after Xun Qing. This not only enriched Da Fu, which had declined at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact on later poems about objects.
Influence on later generations Wang Baohe's works have an influence on later generations. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen not only selected Wang Bao's works in the Annals of Shu Quan Literature and Art edited by him, but also wrote a poem "The Palace of the Prince of Yuan Dynasty", which said: "Ye Wei Ganoderma lucidum is beautiful, Ziyuan algae was caught, and he talked about China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not praise saints, but only taught the court to chant the flute. " In the poem, Wang Bo's talent is praised in a metaphorical way: literary talent and hair, good at ci and fu, and on a generation of outstanding talents; The whole poem expresses regret for Wang Bao and satirizes Han Zhu.
Personally evaluating Wang Bao's early experience, we are not sure. When Emperor Gaozu proclaimed himself emperor, because of his passion for ci-fu, he successively recruited literary masters Liu Xiang, Zhang, Liu Bao and others to send letters to Jinmamen. Wang Bao was also recommended by Wang Xiang, the secretariat of Yizhou. He was called to Beijing and entrusted with the post of "Ode to a Sage". Tell him to wait for the letter with Zhang and others and take them hunting many times. After passing the palace, he ordered them to write a tribute. Soon, he was promoted to an admonition officer (the rank was 800 stone, lower than the county magistrate). Later, I heard that Yizhou has the God of Golden Horse and Blue Chicken. Xuan Di ordered Wang Bao to sacrifice and died on the road. It can be seen that Wang Bao's experience as an official is relatively simple, mainly as a civil servant of the emperor, and he has never seen the world. This kind of experience makes it difficult for him to have Sima Xiangru's independent mind and charm; But after all, he got rid of the limitation of being confined to a corner and walked out of Bashan and Shushui, and his vision was still relatively broad.
In a word, as a famous fu writer, Wang Bo, without his majestic momentum and critical spirit, could not have achieved such great achievements as "broad and vigorous, outstanding in the Han Dynasty"; But he is good at observing life and describing those unique things. He has made his own contributions to the theme development, technique innovation and language tempering of Han Fu, and he is still worthy of being a generation of famous artists. His humorous language style is the external expression of Bashu people's optimistic and cheerful personality, which has a noticeable influence in the history of Bashu literature.
Excerpts from Wang Bao's poems
Kuangji
If you are very lucky, you will be trapped and poor. I'm sad. I wish I could do nothing.
Take advantage of the sun and moon to sign, care about the heart. I looked at Jiujiao, wandering in the Orchid Palace.
Lv Zhi Xi pharmacy, full of excitement. The mushroom pavilion is attached to the building and the Taoist temple is obedient.
Level. Treasure gold and wealth, beautiful jade and wealth. The water in Guangxi is gurgling and flowing.
Enthusiasm, Kong and Xi returned to Xiang. Looking at the distance by touching the threshold, I miss you and never forget it.
I am so depressed that I always have internal injuries. approach
Who is a saint? What would you see if you didn't have a toilet?
Who can talk to you when you are asleep? The pain phoenix is far away, and the livestock is near.
Whales dive and swim from shrimp. Autumn climbed the sun and carried the elephant on her back.
In the morning, it is lush, and in the evening, it is brightly lit. Drink spring in the north and learn English in the south.
Travel and stay, as if you were roaming. Red clothes, green clothes, and clothes.
Shu Peixi D{, Yu Jian xi Jiang Gan. Follow the snake to step u.
Microscopic Xi Xuanpu, a glimpse of Xi Ursa Etta. Open the chamber of secrets and explore K. Your life is quite sad.
If you leave me forever, you will make me think. Clouds are tolerant, but what is beyond Tao?
Looking at the distance, I slept for thousands of hours, and I heard thunder and thunder. I am full of sadness and self-pity.
Wei Jun
There is no room for singing in the forest, so why stay in Zhongzhou? Tao Jiayue always drives, and Yu Yingxi teaches herself.
I'm going to take a long trip to Xi. Dai Tuwei Que's path, calendar nine songs cattle.
Talk about holidays, pretend to leave a bright future. I hope I will drown my breath and rest on my own.
It's bright and far away. Gu Lie pale, he looked at the clouds and Chen Fu.
The giant treasure moved to Xi W, and the pheasant was salty. I am reckless and eager to study my ambition, but I am afraid of my heart and feed back.
Cross the horse flying column, you can watch it with the horse. There is no such thing as chess pieces, and I will always think about JJ.
teacher
The original husband Xiao Terrier was born in Qiushi, Jiangnan. Holes are smooth and rare, and the standard application is controversial. Looking at the hillside, leaning against D ū is sad and uncomfortable. I am looking forward to it, and it is endless, full of fun and leisure. Relying on the earth, it will not move for a thousand years. Absorb the essence, and the color is moist and firm. I feel the change of yin and yang, and my life is attached to the emperor. The wind rustles in the wind, but it comes to an end and flows back to the river to irrigate its mountains. Su Yangbo waved Julian Xi, LL's voice was deep.
The morning dew cold falls to its side, and the jade liquid soaks to take its roots. Lonely and lonely cranes, compared with entertainment, spring birds play and soar. Autumn cockroaches don't eat, it's simple and long, and the mysterious ape cries sadly, so look for it. In seclusion and seclusion, K is moored in the mysterious desert, but it should be quiet and noisy to look at its elemental body carefully. Fortunately, I play the flute, God bless me. It can be said that it costs nothing, because it is natural. So the average craftsman is skilled and the princess is accurate. With ivory, it is satisfied. Spilled in a shovel, the lips are mixed; Adjacent bacteria are dazzling and row upon row; Gel induction ratio. Therefore, those who are ignorant of their husbands can't see the body of heaven and earth, one white and one black; Anger is gloomy and indifferent, and his eyes are confused; I think it's too comfortable, but I'm angry with my voice.
So, if you listen to its loud voice, it will flow around and spit, if it is a loving father's livestock. Its wonderful voice is quiet and annoying, and it is submissive and humble, if the father is a dutiful son. By analogy, you should be sincere, reasonable and generous. You are a strong man, gentle and honest, like a gentleman.
Chaos said: if the form is agile, it will exceed the speed and resistance, drift fast and drift skillfully. Like a flowing wave, it bubbles and tends to be D-shaped. Breathing, screaming, jumping, delirious. Stir, search, take, carefree, enthusiastic, if not good, depressed. Wandering around and hesitating is enough to worry people. The decadent Tang dynasty is gone, and the long characters are gone and cannot be recovered. Lai Meng is sanctified, calm and mean, and happy. The article is smooth and wide, and the middle part is awkward. The last poem is a song, and there is a voice. The breath is ringing, cotton is floating and there is a breeze. The endless stream turned into endless.
Wangbao Tomb and Wangbao Mochi are located in Mo Chi Dam, Yanjiang District, Ziyang. Wang Bao's tomb is a small hill with crops and fruit trees planted on it. According to local people, the tomb is spacious, but it has been stolen many times over the years and there is nothing in it. A stone tablet stands beside the hill, which reads: "The Tomb of King Bao of the Western Han Dynasty, a key cultural relic protection unit in ziyang, was confirmed by the People's Government of ziyang and the People's Government of Yanjiang District in May, 200 1 6". One or two hundred meters away, it's Wang Baohe Mo Chi, with two pools connected in size. The surroundings are messy and the water is dirty. A stone tablet stands not far from the pool, which reads: "The People's Government of ziyang, Mo Chi, a key cultural relic protection unit in ziyang, announced the establishment of Yanjiang District People's Government on March 26th, 2002". The handwriting on the stone tablet is blurred.