This actually tells the essence of writing poetry after the Tang Dynasty, that is, following the rules and mastering the form of poetry first, and then filling in according to the formal norms. Of course, if you have Li Bai's literary talent, no one will blame you for not following a plan.
Later, Xiangling said that she liked Lu You's poems, and Daiyu said:
This passage can be called a textbook for classical poetry creation. Lin Daiyu expressed four meanings, which are progressive.
In Lin Daiyu's view, the poems of Song people are not enough and too "shallow". Learning from them is equivalent to setting a very low ceiling for yourself. Although I can learn a few good sentences at first, what I finally wrote is nothing more than gold and jade, and the content is empty.
In Lin Daiyu's view, Wang Wei's five words and Du Fu's seven words are all models of metrical poems with high pattern and neat writing. So Lin Daiyu first recommended the poems of these two people. When mastering the form, we should go from the shallow to the deep, and the five-character poem is relatively simple, so among Wang Wei and Du Fu, we should start with Wang Wei.
The representative figure who wins by content is Li Bai. To be fair, many of Li Bai's poems do not pay attention to neat words and unconstrained style, but they are rich in imagination and magnificent. For example, we are familiar with (see Lushan Waterfall):
The purple mist is illuminated by sunlight, and the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain.
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.
If it is neat, this poem is actually very general. However, the whole poem is full of romantic spirit, and the imagination of "flying to three thousands of feet and suspecting that the Milky Way will fall for nine days" is extraordinary. If you have poor basic skills, you may learn Li Bai's poems from scratch, and you may draw a tiger instead of a dog. On the other hand, it is much easier to learn from Li Bai after thoroughly studying the poems of Wang Wei and Du Fu, and the effect will be much better.
At this time, read more casual ancient poetry, break through the limitations of Tang poetry, broaden your horizons and understand poetry, and you will go up a storey still higher. However, this level needs to be based on solid Tang poetry (modern poetry).
Of course, these views of Lin Daiyu are actually Cao Xueqin's, and we know that Cao Xueqin has a very deep foundation in China's classical literature. The four steps of learning to write poetry mentioned by Cao Xueqin are actually applicable to the writing practice of any style.
Then how to learn and practice official document writing can also be used for reference.
First of all, choose the object of study. For example, how to choose the leader's speech? It goes without saying.
Second, we must follow the "one top" standard. The legal language of notices, opinions, etc. 14 has specific formats and regulations. Non-statutory languages such as research reports also have established routines.
Third, read a lot and practice a lot.
Fourth, it is the process of combining one's own theoretical foundation with practical work.
The main content of this paper is the reading notes of Wu Jun's Lectures on Reading and Writing.