Classical poetry
1, archaic
The ancients were all ancient poems before the Qi-Liang style, and the four tones
Classical poetry
1, archaic
The ancients were all ancient poems before the Qi-Liang style, and the four tones and even tones began to be discovered in the Qi-Liang period. At that time, Yongming style could be regarded as an immature metrical poem. Most metrical poems in this period lack cohesion, while most other metrical poems have elements of cohesion. Of course, there are also some poems that are completely in line with the meter unintentionally, such as Yin Keng's arrangement.
Classical poetry is not only before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but also after the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
2. Closed body
In the Tang Dynasty, the metrical poems were stereotyped. The poems that conform to the metrical rules are called modern poems, and the poems that do not conform to the metrical rules are called ancient poems (ancient style). Modern poetry is relative to ancient poetry.
During the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty, many metrical poems were not completely in tune, such as Li Bai's Eight Completely Contradictory Five Laws: Cattle Note Xijiang Moon; Cui Hao is semi-ancient and semi-legal: a long time ago, a yellow crane took a saint to heaven.
Shen Quanqi, Song and Du Fu laid the three major tasks of metrical poetry in Tang Dynasty. Wang Ji, who was earlier than them, also has a five-law "Wild Hope", which is often included in various selected works and is the most representative work of metrical poems in the early Tang Dynasty:
Looking at the dusk in Gaodong, I want to rely on it. Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling. The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted horses and brought birds back. Care for no acquaintances, Long song pregnant with Cai Wei.
3. Four elements of modern poetry
Flat, rhyme, antithesis (quatrains are unnecessary), stick together.
Various classifications of old-style poems
1, quatrains include ancient quatrains and French quatrains.
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
The quatrains don't have to be opposite, but the other three requirements are indispensable.
2. Eight poems
1) Eight sentences include both classical poems and metrical poems, such as Du Fu's "Looking at Yue".
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket. Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
2) Eight metrical poems are called five laws (five words) and seven laws (seven words). For example, Wang Ji's Wild Hope is five laws, and Du Fu's Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity are all seven laws:
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak. Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog. Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat. Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
3. More than eight sentences
1) A metrical poem with more than eight sentences is called arrangement, and a poem in the imperial examination of Tang poetry is called arrangement. For example, Qian Qi's "Sheng Shen Xiang Se" is a six-rhyme arrangement:
It is often heard that the immortals in Xiangshui are good at playing the piano and singing. Beautiful music makes Feng, the river god, dance and dance, which is unbearable for travelers who travel far away. Deep and sad melody, even hard stones are moved by sadness; The sonorous, high-pitched musical tone is so penetrating that it has been flying to lofty places. Cangwu complains, and Angelica dahurica is fragrant. Music flows along the water to Xiangjiang River, and then into the lake, flying over the vast Dongting Lake. The music is quiet, but there is no drums of the water god. The river disappears, revealing several peaks, which are green and charming.
The arrangement can be very long, for example, Bai Juyi's "A Poem with a Hundred Rhymes for a Book", in which 100 rhyme is 100 rhyme. This poem has 100 sentences and 1000 words.
I remember in Zhenyuan, when I just joined Canon School. The name was given that day, and I know a word by heart. ... omit 960 words here ... If you don't drink, you will be as hungry as you are. Singing a thousand words, because I sent it.
3) There are too many ancient poems with more than eight sentences, such as "From Beijing to Fengxian, 500 words", "it is hard to go" and "Military Vehicle Shop" by Li Bai.
4. Qi Yan and Miscellaneous Language
1) Qi Yan
Every sentence has the same number of words. Metric poems are all seven-character poems, but classical poems are not. For example, Du Fu's "From Beijing to Fengxian, 500 words" has five words per sentence, and Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" has seven words per sentence. And Cao Cao's short lines are all four-character poems, and the ancients also have a small number of six-character poems, such as Wang Wei's pastoral music:
"Peach with rain, willow with smoke. The flowers are gone and the birds are still sleeping. "
2) Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan has different words in each sentence. This kind of poem is a miscellaneous poem, but it is definitely not a metrical poem, such as Du Fu's "Military Vehicle Shop":
And the heart of Emperor Wu is still beating for the war. Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain? Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight. Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain? For example, this winter ......
Note: As long as it is a miscellaneous poem, it can be judged as a metrical poem, but it is not necessarily a neat poem. For example, there are two kinds of metrical poems and classical poems, like the ancient Yuefu poems. Shen Quanqi Yuefu in Loneliness in Tang Dynasty is a seven-tone poem.
new verse
1, bring it up.
New poetry is imported, for example, the rhyme is complex, and the requirements are as strict as our metrical poetry. There were many such works by poets in the Republic of China.
2. Vernacular poetry between old-style poetry and new-style poetry.
Hu Shi's "Two Butterflies" likes old-style poems very much, but it is written in vernacular, which is a bit like Rainbow Fanshi's early Tang Dynasty flower doggerel, but it is not as philosophical as Wang Fanshi's.
Two yellow butterflies, both flying into the sky; For some reason, one flew back. The other, lonely and pitiful; I have no intention of going to heaven. It's so lonely.
3. Liberalism and the metrology of new poetry.
In the May 4th New Culture Movement, there was a dispute between liberalism and metrical school in new poetry, and Wen Yiduo's Three Beauties was the representative theory of metrical school.
Beauty in music, painting and architecture "
Wen Yiduo's theory comes from classical poems at home and abroad. No matter Shakespeare or Li Shangyin, there are certain rules in writing poetry, so Wen Yiduo opposes this kind of "free poetry" and advocates "dancing with shackles".