30 fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon. Birds come, birds go to the mountains, and people cry in the water. If the sky is sentimental, it will be old, if the moon is long and round, the sea will give birth to the waning moon, and the spring breeze will enter the old year. Qingming Festival (Tang Dynasty) During the Qingming Festival, there were many rains, and pedestrians on the road wanted to die. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Cold food on the road (Tang) Song immediately ate a cold food, and it was already late spring on the road. Poor King Jiangpu doesn't see Luo Qiao people. The North Pole cherishes the Lord, and the South is a vassal. The old garden is heartbroken, and the wicker is new day and night.
Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, but I watch the long river roll forward. What is this poem?
Bad luck has formed a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick dust in my wine.
Although my body doesn't have bright wings like a phoenix, I can feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn.
What are the achievements of antithetical poems in the past 30 years? The clouds and the moon are eight thousand miles apart. Birds come and go, people sing and people cry. If the sky is sentimental, the sky will be old, if the moon is long and round, the sea will give birth to the waning moon, and the spring breeze will enter the old year. Tomb-Sweeping Day (Tang) Du Mu Tomb-Sweeping Day is rainy, and pedestrians on the road are dying. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Cold food on the road (Tang) Song immediately ate a cold food, and it was already late spring on the road. Poor King Jiangpu doesn't see Luo Qiao people. The North Pole cherishes the Lord, and the South is a vassal. The old garden is heartbroken, and the wicker is new day and night.
What does duality mean in ancient poetry? No, it takes two sentences to call it confrontation. Duality is also called duality. Because ancient etiquette, like a walk-on on the stage of drama now, is opposite, so it is called antithesis. The antithesis is a rhetorical device to form neat and beautiful characters, and it is also an important factor to form a metrical form and present a metrical atmosphere. Paying attention to symmetry is the characteristic of China's ancient culture. From the palaces and tombs of emperors to the portals and decorations of ordinary people, we pay attention to left and right symmetry. Literature is no exception, because there are many monosyllabic words and even disyllabic words in Chinese, among which morphemes are quite independent and easy to cause duality, so antithetical sentences appeared as early as pre-Qin poetry. For example, the Book of Songs says: "I have been there, Liu Yiyi; When I think about it today, it is raining heavily. " ("Xiaoya Cai Wei") "Songs of the South" said: "Make Yuan Xiang have no waves and make the river flow safely. "... birds on the house, water in the class. "(nine. Xiang Jun). Prose often has duality, such as the Book of Changes: "Correspond to the same voice and seek common ground with God." After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, this dual influence expanded, and the previous parallel prose developed into parallel prose. It was also from this period that the antithesis in poetry was never neat to gradually neat, and it was gradually standardized from casual use. After the early Tang Dynasty, the stereotype and antithesis of metrical poems became an important part of metrical poems. Duality generally requires that two words in the same position must be relative, that is, noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, adverb to adverb. The antithesis in metrical poems is more neat and rigorous than that in ancient poems. It requires: first, sentences are relative to sentences; Second, the words in the same position as the sentence are the same as the dual parts of speech, but the words cannot be the same. For example, the combination of fire tree and silver flower, the opening of the iron lock of the star bridge and the flat flat flat flat flat (Su Weidao's fifteenth day of the first month), "fire tree" and "silver flower" are noun pairs; "He" versus "Kai" and verbs versus verbs. Silkworms in spring weave until they die, and candles drain their wicks every night. "Death" versus "grey" and verb-object versus verb-object; "Silk" versus "tears" and nouns versus nouns; Jin Fang is the antonym of Shi Gan, and verbs are the antonyms of verbs. The antithesis of quatrains, rhymes and poems has its own rules. Generally speaking, quatrains don't need antithesis. Whether to use duality is up to the author. Most of our predecessors' quatrains don't have to be antithetical. For example, my friend, I watched you go down the mountain until it was dark. Spring grass is green every year, but what about you, my friend Prince? ? (Wang Wei's Farewell) lanling wine tulips, jade bowls filled with amber light. But I got the host drunk and didn't know where it was. Some quatrains are the first antithesis, and the last antithesis is not. For example, the Three Kingdoms, divided, have always been bound by his greatness, and the Eight Faces Castle is built on his fame. This river won't divert the stones from your disposal, and you will always regret that you will destroy Wu's unwise. (Du Fu's "Eight Arrays") (Note: the antithetical sentences are shown in italics, the same below) The lotus flower has no shelter from the rain, and there are Ao Shuang branches in the chrysanthemum. Good years must be remembered, especially when it is orange, yellow and green. (Su Shi's Winter Scene) The antithesis is mostly silent, and the first sentence of the five-element poem is not rhyming with the seven verses, so the first couplet of the five-element poem is more than the seven verses. There are also quatrains in which the first sentence enters rhyme and the first couplet is antithetical. Such as flowers as chapters, phoenix tube for the sun. Excuse me, donor, how long is Emei? (Huang Furan's "Relieving Depression and Resentment") On the Suzaku Bridge, there are wild grass flowers, and the sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane is oblique. Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people. (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane) The first sentence of seven sentences rhymes more than five sentences, and the antithesis form of this couplet is more than five sentences. There are also quatrains with the first antithetical couplet and the last antithetical couplet. For example, when my boat was sailing in the mist, the day was getting dark and old memories began. The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon. (Meng Haoran's "Sleeping at Jiande") heartbroken riverside, Zhang Li Xu Buli. Crazy catkins dance with the wind, and fine peach blossoms chase water. (Du Fu's Man >>
What are the antithetical poems in ancient poetry? One of the manifestations of medieval metrical poetry. Dueling is also called duality, team warfare and parity. It puts words with similar or opposite concepts in corresponding positions, so that they set off each other, make sentences more attractive and increase the expressive force of words. Confrontation is like a ceremonial ceremony of the government, opposing each other. Duantithesis is closely related to the parallel connection in the Han and Wei dynasties, which can be said to be developed from parallel connection, and Duantithesis itself should also be a parallel connection. The specific contents of the antithesis of metrical poems are as follows: first, the upper and lower sentences must be opposed; Secondly, the sentence patterns of relational sentences should be the same, and the syntactic structures should be consistent, such as subject-predicate structure versus subject-predicate structure, partial structure versus partial structure, and predicate-complement structure versus predicate-complement structure. The sentence structure of some antithetical sentences is not necessarily the same, but the words are required to be relative. Thirdly, the parts of speech (parts of speech) of words are required to be consistent, such as noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, etc. Words should also have the same lexical meaning. As nouns, words that belong to the same meaning range, such as astronomy, geography, palace, clothing, utensils, animals, plants, human body, behavior and action, can all be correct. The use of duality is wide and strict, so there are many types, including working pair, adjacent pair, wide pair, borrowing pair, running pair and sector equivalence. In terms of content, there are names such as right, right, right and opposition. Gongdui: The antithesis of neat use in modern poetry is called Gongdui. In order to make the antithesis neat, it is generally necessary to use words of the same category, such as astronomy, geography, seasons, utensils, clothing and other words with the same meaning. For example, in Du Fu's quatrains, "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " The opposite is very neat. The words "two" to "one line" (quantitative structure to quantitative structure), "oriole" to "egret" (relative to poultry nouns), "Cui" to "green" (relative to color nouns) and "thousand" to "ten thousand" (relative to numerals) in the poem are all similar words, which are very neat. One of the antitheses of modern poetic style. It is a relative concept with workers' pair. Wide antithesis is an untidy antithesis. Generally speaking, as long as the sentence patterns are the same and the parts of speech of words are the same, duality can be formed. This kind of confrontation is generally called "tolerance". Tolerance is slightly wider than adjacent tolerance pairs. For example, nouns generally use nouns and adjectives use adjectives. For example, the second couplet of Huang Luzhi's poem "Answering the Longmen Scholar", "The bright moon is cool and the breeze is good, and the light autumn fat horse is Xie Ercao" is a generous pair. An antithesis in modern poetry. A pair of words with similar meanings are called "adjacent pairs". The so-called semantic categories are similar, astronomy and seasons, geography and palaces, utensils and clothing, plants and animals, orientation and quantity. When these words with similar meanings are used as a pair, they are adjacent pairs. For example, there are two sentences in Bai Juyi's Gan Chun: "The grass near the water is green, and the head near the water is white, which is different from flowers, water is different from flowers, and the earth is different from people. This can be regarded as an adjacent pair. Self-duality: also known as a kind of duality, some words in a sentence are self-duality, which is called self-duality. For example, the poem quoted in Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Essays: "Mir Pingyang Lianlan is in Vaughan Palace. The pool light may be messy. At first, the sun's air was dry. However, I feel that bees are flying around butterflies, but I don't know that the lonely phoenix is far away from Luan, and the purple house is far away from the three mountains. "There are many opposites in the poem. For example, in the second sentence, Qin Lou is facing the Han Palace and the tile is facing the plate; The fifth sentence, bees swim against the butterfly; The sixth sentence, solitary phoenix to solitary phoenix and so on. Borrowing duality: a way of antithesis in modern poetry, or false antithesis. It achieves the goal of neat confrontation by borrowing meaning or sound. A: Borrowing meaning is to use the ambiguity of a word to form opposition with the corresponding word through a certain meaning of a word, but it is not this meaning but another meaning used in poetry. For example, Du Fu's "Qujiang" poem: "It is common to borrow money. Life is seventy years old. The word "ordinary" has many meanings, one is "ordinary" and the other is "eight-foot search, double search is ordinary". The former is a general adverb and the latter is a quantifier. Here the numeral "seventy" uses its original quantitative meaning, while the poem uses its adverbial meaning. This is "borrowing meaning". B: Borrowing sounds means using the homonym relationship between words to express the second word. For example, if the sentence uses the word A, then the sentence should have used the word B with a similar meaning to the word A, but it is not appropriate to use the word B as a whole, so we choose a word C with the same pronunciation and related meaning to form a confrontation. Yi Lao Dao said: "Chu Tian Ban Ji by Hong Juefan has a sentence-cutting syntax, in which Chinese loanwords are like medicine that can stop spring red, crying regularly all day long, turning red ... >>"
Dual poem
Duality in poetry is called duality. The ancient guard of honor is relative, which is the origin of the word "antithesis".
What is duality? Duality means juxtaposing similar concepts or opposing concepts, such as "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea" and "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea" to form duality. Duality can be a sentence that is self-correct, or it can be two sentences that are opposite. For example, "to resist US aggression and aid Korea" is self-contradictory, while "to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the country" are two opposite sentences. Generally speaking, duality refers to two opposite sentences. The last sentence is called a sentence, and the next sentence is called a sentence.
The general rules of duality are noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, adverb to adverb. Take "Resisting US aggression and aiding Korea and defending our country" as an example: resistance, aid, protection and defence are all verbs, while beauty, Korea, home and country are all nouns. In fact, nouns can be subdivided into several categories, and similar nouns are relatively neat and dual, referred to as "work pairs". Here "beauty" and "Korea" are proper nouns and abbreviations, so they are industrial pairs; Both "home" and "country" are people's collectives, so they are also workers. "Defending the country and defending the country" is also right for "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea", because the sentences are self-aligned, so it is not required that the two sentences are equally neat.
Duality is a rhetorical device, whose function is to form neat beauty. The characteristics of Chinese are especially suitable for disyllablization, because there are many monosyllabic words, even disyllabic words, among which morphemes are quite independent and easy to cause disyllablization. Because duality is a rhetorical device, it is necessary for both prose and poetry. For example, the Book of Changes says, "Respond with one voice and seek a spirit." ("Easy? Dry classical Chinese) The Book of Songs says: "I have been there, Liu Yiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " ("Xiaoya? These antitheses meet the needs of rhetoric. However, the antithesis in orthodox poetry has its own rules, which is not as casual as the Book of Songs. This rule is:
(1) The level of sentence and duality is relative;
The words in the sentence and the words in the dialogue cannot be repeated.
Therefore, the examples mentioned above, such as the Book of Changes and the Book of Songs, can not meet the standard of antithesis of orthodox poetry. The two sentences mentioned above in Chairman Mao's "Long March" poem: "Jinsha River is warm on the cliff, and Dadu Bridge is cold on the iron", which conforms to the standard of antithesis in orthographic poetry.
Couplets (couplets) are evolved from metrical poems, so they should also be suitable for the above two standards. For example, the following pair:
The reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow;
Bamboo shoots, sharp mouth, empty stomach.
Here, the words in the upper couplet (sentence) and the words in the lower couplet (antithesis) are not repeated, but their levelness is relative:
(flat) flat, (flat) flat;
(Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) ②.
Rhetorically, this pair is also very neat. "Wall" is a noun with orientation, and the corresponding "mountain" is also a noun with orientation. "Root" is a noun with orientation, so is the corresponding "belly". "Head" to "mouth" and "foot" to "skin" are nouns to nouns. "Heavy" versus "sharp" and "light" versus "thick" are adjectives versus adjectives. "Top-heavy", "sharp-tongued" and "thick-skinned" are right. This sentence corrects itself, and when the two sentences are relative, it is more neat.
Think of some opposing sentences:
Looking up, I found that the moonlight often falls back again, and I suddenly remembered home.
The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river.
But as long as you climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles.
Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky.
It's autumn wind and cold snow in Xiling, and Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with swords, it is even more worrying to raise our glasses to eliminate our worries.
In addition, my friends upstairs also gave some, hoping to help the landlord.
What does duality mean in ancient poetry? The antithesis in poetry is called antithesis. The ancient guard of honor is relative, which is the origin of the word "antithesis".
What is duality? Generally speaking, duality refers to two opposite sentences. The last sentence is called a sentence, and the next sentence is called a sentence.
The general rules of duality are noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, adverb to adverb. Duality is a rhetorical device, whose function is to form neat beauty. The characteristics of Chinese are especially suitable for disyllablization, because there are many monosyllabic words, even disyllabic words, among which morphemes are quite independent and easy to cause disyllablization. Because duality is a rhetorical device, it is necessary for both prose and poetry. For example, the Book of Changes says, "Respond with one voice and seek a spirit." ("Dry a Classical Chinese") The Book of Songs says: "I was not there yesterday, Liu Yang Yiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " ("Xiaoya Cai Wei") These antitheses are all to meet the needs of rhetoric. However, the antithesis in orthodox poetry has its own rules, which is not as casual as the Book of Songs. This rule is:
(1) The level of sentence and duality is relative;
The words in the sentence and the words in the dialogue cannot be repeated.
Therefore, the examples mentioned above, such as the Book of Changes and the Book of Songs, can not meet the standard of antithesis of orthodox poetry.
Couplets (couplets) are evolved from metrical poems, so they should also be suitable for the above two standards. For example, the following pair:
The reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow;
Bamboo shoots, sharp mouth, empty stomach.
Here, the words in the upper couplet (sentence) and the words in the lower couplet (antithesis) are not repeated, but their levelness is relative:
(flat) flat, (flat) flat;
(Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) ②.
Rhetorically, this pair is also very neat. "Wall" is a noun with orientation, and the corresponding "mountain" is also a noun with orientation. "Root" is a noun with orientation, so is the corresponding "belly". "Head" to "mouth" and "foot" to "skin" are nouns to nouns. "Heavy" versus "sharp" and "light" versus "thick" are adjectives versus adjectives. "Top-heavy", "sharp-tongued" and "thick-skinned" are right. This sentence corrects itself, and when the two sentences are relative, it is more neat.
For example, flowers are getting better and better, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes.
Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.
What are the poems that make up couplets? "Two orioles sing green willows,
Do you have a verse? There are too many antithetical poems. In metrical poems, the couplets of each poem are required to be opposite to the neckline (that is, the second couplet and the first couplet). For example, the second couplet in Li Shangyin's Five Laws is antithetical poems.
Now the yellow leaves shake with the strong wind,
However, wind instruments and violins keep the blue house happy.
On the surface, I seem to like new people very much.
But doomed to leave old friends behind.
The most famous is Du Fu's quatrain: two orioles sing green willows and a row of egrets fly to the sky. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward. These are a pair of famous workers. There are also seven laws of the Long March: Five Ridges make waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills. Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs, and Dadu Bridge is cold with the cross rail. This is also a good antithesis poem.
In ancient poetry, there are mountains to cover the day, and there are seas to drain the golden river, forming a neat couplet. (Wang Zhihuan) There are trees on the horizon, like a row of grass, and islands by the river, like the moon. Meng Haoran, the wind sends me the fragrance of lotus flowers, and the music of dew drops from bamboo leaves. Meng Haoran, the wind blows the leaves on both sides of the river, and the moon crosses me alone. (Meng Haoran) In the rain, the fruits set and the grass insects sang under the lights. (Wang Wei) There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream. (Wang Wei) The brook sings on the winding rocks. ...
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