This poem is written about homesickness. The first two sentences use a metaphorical technique, using Zhenghong as a metaphor for travelers wandering in a foreign land, and returning to Yan to evoke the feeling of homesickness. In the minds of Southern Song poets, swan geese seem to have a specific meaning. It not only has the characteristics of a traditional messenger, but also the image of an exile in the war years. Zhu Dunru's "Bu Suanzi" (The Traveling Geese Flying to the South) describes a group of lone geese that are hungry, thirsty and exhausted, making Ding miserable. It reflects the author's suffering of being displaced after crossing south. Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice" also said: "The wild geese are passing by, and I am sad, but it is an old acquaintance." This word expresses the same mood. The reason why they place their feelings on Hongyan is because their experiences are similar to Hongyan's.
However, autumn passes and spring comes, and Hongyan can still return to the north of the Great Wall after leaving his hometown; but these poets from the south will always stay away from their homeland. Therefore, when they see the geese returning north, they always feel inferior. This word cloud "After all the battles, Hong came to Yan, and the news of the homeland was at a loss." It contains such ideological factors. It pours out the homesickness in the poet's chest at once, like a projectile falling out of the hand, naturally and smoothly. Jingyuan quickly and deeply hits the reader's heart.
In the second sentence, there is a pause, which slightly restrains the rapid momentum of the sentence and makes it sink into people's hearts. Taking a closer look at the meaning of the words, it may have taken a long time for the poet to look at Zhengming and Guiyan. He may have been watching them since they first came. He knows how many times Pian Hong passed by and Liang Yan returned. However, this long process was omitted in the poem, and he only took a cross-section of life and expressed it to his heart's content. . The two words "end" are used very well here, not only expressing this specific cross-section of life, but also summarizing the poet's eagerness to see through the poem for a long period of time. You can imagine how many hopes and disappointments there were, how many times you looked up at the sky and looked around in confusion. The writing at this point can be called exquisite. The third sentence expresses the feeling of melancholy and self-pity, which is very similar to the words in Song Yu's "Nine Debates": "I am lonely, traveling alone without friends; melancholy, but privately pitying myself." From a organizational point of view, it It plays the role of connecting the previous and the following. According to common sense, swan geese fly from north to south after the autumnal equinox, and return from south to north after the spring equinox; swallows arrive during the spring season and fly away during the autumn season. It is said here that "Who can feel pity for being haggard in spring?" It summarizes the above and shows that from the Spring Equinox to the Spring Society, the poet was in the painful suffering of homesickness, so he became thinner and haggard. In such a miserable situation, there was no one who understood him. A feeling of wandering, the sorrow of traveling alone, almost seems to penetrate the back of the paper. If we extrapolate further, there is some euphemistic ridicule of Nanshi's capitulation faction. It was they who signed the humiliating "Shaoxing Peace Agreement" with the Jin people, ignoring the vast number of people who had left their homes. Under such a situation, who else would understand a noble child like Zhao Changqing? Just seven words, the meaning is in the words and the rhyme is flowing beyond the strings.
After four or five sentences, I feel more and more full of charm and far-reaching thoughts. "Cold Food Night" is derived from the above three sentences. The poet missed his hometown, and experienced almost the whole spring from the Spring Equinox, Chunshe, to Cold Food Festival, so it is called "one spring"; and the cross-section of life captured in the poem happened to be on the night of Cold Food Festival. In ancient times, the Qingming Festival was a time to visit the tombs of ancestors. The tombs of the Zhao family were all in Henan. Now they have fallen into the hands of the Jin people. They wanted to sacrifice them but were unable to do so, which only added to the poet's homesickness. These two sentences are true and false. Wu Ke's "Zanghai Poetry Talk": "Que sweeps the style, and the first sentence talks about the scenery." Here, the first sentence narrates, the next sentence narrates, and the latter sentence talks about the scenery, thus turning the essence into ethereal, creating a deep and far-reaching artistic conception. It is worth mentioning that the sentence "The flowers fall in the sky while drinking wine" is derived from Du Mu's poem "Muzhou Four Rhymes". Xiao Du's original sentence is "Du Ling's guest in the late spring, drinking wine before the flowers fall." The poet only changed one word, replacing "qian" with "tian", and a different artistic effect was produced. In fact, "天" and "前" belong to the same rhyme part, so it doesn't matter if they don't change. The reasons for the change are, firstly, for the neatness of the contrast. The last word of the previous sentence is the noun "night" that expresses time, and the last word of this sentence must also be the noun "tian" that expresses time; secondly, the realm of the word "tian" is broader, And it can echo with the starting sentence "After all the expeditions, the Hongs come to all the swallows", thus forming an artistic whole. The thoughts of homesickness and the feelings of drunkenness are expressed in a confused and enchanting way.
The bottom line of the poem changes from homesickness to homecoming. After two sentences in the film, the emotion suddenly rises. The poet was already immersed in the state of homesickness, almost unable to extricate himself; but suddenly he heard that the spring tide was rising on the river, and he seemed to have heard the news of returning to his hometown, and his spirits were lifted. This is exactly the opposite of the first two sentences in the previous film, which is a stimulating statement from a distance. In the previous film, "the news about my hometown is at a loss", it expresses disappointment, which is an emotional decline; here, it takes advantage of the spring floods at the head of the river to arouse a desire to return home, which is an uplift. The vast spring waves on the Qiantang River seem to be affectionate for people, and they take the initiative to show their courtesy and want to send him home. The emotion in the river is a reflection of the ruthlessness of human beings. The poet once lamented, "Who can pity me when I am haggard in spring?" No one in the world understands the pain of his homesickness, but the river can give him deep sympathy. The contrast between the two is so ironic. The sentence "Don't come" below is endlessly lingering and flirtatious. The spring waves are coming, the boat is docked, and the poet is about to say goodbye to Lin'an, but he is reluctant to leave.
This kind of emotion is produced in a specific era and under specific conditions, and it is also extremely contradictory and complicated. The capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was Lin'an. After a long period of management, it became quite wealthy materially and its life became relatively stable.
As a member of the clan, Zhao Changqing was naturally in a better situation, not to mention there were many relatives and friends who had gone south, so when he was leaving, he was reluctant to leave and couldn't help but say "Don't come." This is the most haunting place." The poet depicts the inner pain in this contradictory state of wanting to leave but lingering, and not wanting to go and want to return. From this, we get a glimpse of a realistic person among the upper-class nobility in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a sincere and tortured heart. .
The end of the poem ends with the scene, expressing feelings about the scene and full of aftertaste. This is very similar to the famous line about sorrow in He Zhu's poem "Hengtang Road": "How much leisure and sorrow are there? A Sichuan tobacco, the city is full of wind and rain, and the plums are yellow and rainy." However, it is not the same. The congratulatory message focuses on leisure and sorrow, while the Zhao message focuses on separation. "Rain in Nanpu with a Short Canopy" is similar to Wei Zhuang's "Bodhisattva Man" in "The Painted Boat Listening to the Rain and Sleeping", and more like the poem in Jiang Jie's "Popular Poppy" "The prime man listens to the rain and travels in the boat, the river is broad and the clouds are low, and the wild geese are calling the west wind." . Nanpu is a metaphor for Jiang Yan's "Farewell Ode" "Send you off at Nanpu, how hurt you are"; the broken bridge actually refers to it, which is located in the northeast corner of West Lake in Hangzhou and connected to Baidi. At this time, the poet imagines that he has boarded the return ship and is huddled under the low canopy, listening to the sound of rain beating on the canopy. One can imagine his desolate state of mind. He looked out from the cabin again and saw the willows near the broken bridge, which seemed to be shrouded in a layer of smoke. The poet does not say that he has all kinds of emotions in his heart, but only uses the rendering of scenery to give readers the vision or hearing, leaving room for understanding and taste. This is called implicit and meaningful, meaning behind the lines. It is more touching and charming than using love words. Modern times·Yu Biyun's "Explanation of Selected Poems of the Tang, Five Dynasties and Two Song Dynasties": Changqing was noble in the clan, but peaceful and naive. His poems were compiled into six volumes based on the four scenes of spring, summer, autumn and winter, which are rare among poets. The louder the sound is, the more likely it is to spread. I recorded a poem about a spring scene. The upper and lower lines and the concluding sentences are all able to embody the scene. The harmonious and elegant sound in "The Collection of Xixiang" is also present.