Among the four ways of expression: narration, description, discussion and lyricism, description and lyricism are the focus of examination.
☆ Lyric: It can be divided into direct lyric (direct expression of the mind); Indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting things to express feelings, and blending scenes).
☆ Description: dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, front side combination, sound and emotion combination, rough drawing, meticulous painting, etc.
Lyric way
Classification: direct lyric and indirect lyric.
Direct lyric is also called direct expression of thoughts. It is the poet who reveals his heart in his poems and expresses his passion, joy or autumn mood unabashedly. This method is relatively intuitive and will not be discussed in depth here.
Indirect lyric, also known as euphemism and implication, poets often express their thoughts and feelings euphemistically with the help of various rhetorical arts. It can be divided into three categories: borrowing scenery, borrowing things and supporting things.
All scenery words are love words.
(1) Lyricism by borrowing scenery: (also known as scenery with affection, feeling with scenery, love to write scenery, and blending scenery)
When a poet feels something about a scene or an objective thing, he entrusts his feelings and thoughts to the scene to express it, and expresses it through the description of the scene and the object. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery or borrowing things to express his feelings.
In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses sadness, but there are also ways to write the sad scene with the happy scene, or write the sad scene with Syaraku's feelings. Writing mourning with music scenes or writing mourning with Syaraku can double the effect of mourning. For example, the metabolism of the Tang Dynasty was rather muddy, and "Xie Ting Farewell" said: "When my brother misinterpreted the boat, the red leaves and green hills rushed. It's still far from waking up at sunset, and it's raining down the west building. " The beautiful and poetic scenery of the first "Red Leaves and Castle Peak" in the League reflects the poet's feelings of leaving sorrow and not hating. "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Writing elegies with happy scenes and mourning for Syaraku with sad scenes will double the sadness and joy.
Write Le Leyi 1
For example, the spring tour of Qiantang Lake in Jiating West, north of Baijuyi Gushan Temple, started with a low water level. Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe. I love the eastbound lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana. Even if there is no word "favorite" in the poem, the West Lake, which has just been put on spring clothes and is full of business, is full of love between the lines of the author. Ying Zheng, Yan Peck, Qingyang and White Sands all reflect the poet's unique love for the West Lake-the scenery.
Look at another word and write a happy scene:
Feng Rensong spends money like water in spring and gets drunk by the lake every day. Yu Qian used to know West Lake Road and was arrogant in front of the restaurant. Singing and dancing in the fragrance of red apricots, swinging in the green Yang Ying. The spring breeze is ten miles beautiful, and the flowers on the head are biased. The original boat carries the spring home, and I pay for the lake smoke. Tomorrow, I will go to the lake to look for the lost flower shop with the residual drunkenness.
It says here that when the spring is bright, among the apricot blossoms and poplars, tourists take a boat trip, drink, sing and dance. Let readers fully feel the joy of spring outing.
2. Write mourning with mourning:
For example: a night-mooring near maple bridge (Zhang Ji), Cold Night and Jiang Feng. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
Analysis: This poem describes the scene of the author staying overnight in Qiao Feng, which belongs to landscape poetry. The scenery described in the poem has the characteristics of sadness, desolation and loneliness, which is consistent with the author's worries about travel.
Another example: Gordon (Du Fu) sobbed from the vast sky in the gale, and birds flew home to the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Analysis: The first four sentences of the poem describe a desolate scene of autumn scenery-sadness and joy: the sudden wind shakes the high sky and growls, the apes wail, the bamboo is clear and white, the birds reflect the cold bamboo, the leaves fall one after another, the river is surging, and the color of late autumn is sad. For the following four sentences, a deep sense of sadness was rendered, which laid a good foundation for lyricism. The following four paragraphs are lyrical-sad: interwoven with worries about the difficulties of national luck and sadness about losing in a different place.
Another example: Xiao Zhongshan (Chen Liang)
A wisp of red in the blue curtain. At night, the branches crow and the cold smoke is thick. Xiaolou is worried about painting East. When the moon is bright, the flute is blue and the wind is blue. The past is empty. Dreams can't fly, Chu Palace. Cui secretly sealed it with gauze and tears. Jiangnan is vast, and there is nowhere to be prosperous.
The first paragraph of this poem is a sad scenery, a wisp of red, birds singing, cold smoke, twilight and a flute wind, which creates a strong chilling atmosphere and sets off one's own mood, echoing the loyalty and resentment expressed in the next paragraph, and constitutes a sad and euphemistic mood of the whole poem.
Qingping Music (Yan Shu)
The golden wind is thin, and the plane leaves are attached. Green wine is easy to get drunk at the first taste, sleeping with a small pillow window. Lagerstroemia speciosa Zhu Jin flowers, sunset wither. The silverscreen was slightly cold last night.
The first one is about sleeping late and getting drunk, and the next one is about the feeling of waking up at dusk. Gorgeous flowers wither, and the sunset triggers the poet's faint leisure. Pairs of swallows reflect the poet's loneliness and loneliness, and also imply the poet's lovesickness. Especially "Slight Cold Last Night" not only describes the weather characteristics, but also implies the poet's loneliness.
Expression and skills:
Among the four ways of expression: narration, description, discussion and lyricism, description and lyricism are the focus of examination.
☆ Lyric: It can be divided into direct lyric (direct expression of the mind); Indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting things to express feelings, and blending scenes).
☆ Description: dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, front side combination, sound and emotion combination, rough drawing, meticulous painting, etc.
Lyric way
Classification: direct lyric and indirect lyric.
Direct lyric is also called direct expression of thoughts. It is the poet who reveals his heart in his poems and expresses his passion, joy or autumn mood unabashedly. This method is relatively intuitive and will not be discussed in depth here.
Indirect lyric, also known as euphemism and implication, poets often express their thoughts and feelings euphemistically with the help of various rhetorical arts. It can be divided into three categories: borrowing scenery, borrowing things and supporting things.
All scenery words are love words.
(1) Lyricism by borrowing scenery: (also known as scenery with affection, feeling with scenery, love to write scenery, and blending scenery)
When a poet feels something about a scene or an objective thing, he entrusts his feelings and thoughts to the scene to express it, and expresses it through the description of the scene and the object. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery or borrowing things to express his feelings.
In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses sadness, but there are also ways to write the sad scene with the happy scene, or write the sad scene with Syaraku's feelings. Writing mourning with music scenes or writing mourning with Syaraku can double the effect of mourning. For example, the metabolism of the Tang Dynasty was rather muddy, and "Xie Ting Farewell" said: "When my brother misinterpreted the boat, the red leaves and green hills rushed. It's still far from waking up at sunset, and it's raining down the west building. " The beautiful and poetic scenery of the first "Red Leaves and Castle Peak" in the League reflects the poet's feelings of leaving sorrow and not hating. "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Writing elegies with happy scenes and mourning for Syaraku with sad scenes will double the sadness and joy.
Write Le Leyi 1
For example, the spring tour of Qiantang Lake in Jiating West, north of Baijuyi Gushan Temple, started with a low water level. Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe. I love the eastbound lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana. Even if there is no word "favorite" in the poem, the West Lake, which has just been put on spring clothes and is full of business, is full of love between the lines of the author. Ying Zheng, Yan Peck, Qingyang and White Sands all reflect the poet's unique love for the West Lake-the scenery.
Look at another word and write a happy scene:
Feng Rensong spends money like water in spring and gets drunk by the lake every day. Yu Qian used to know West Lake Road and was arrogant in front of the restaurant. Singing and dancing in the fragrance of red apricots, swinging in the green Yang Ying. The spring breeze is ten miles beautiful, and the flowers on the head are biased. The original boat carries the spring home, and I pay for the lake smoke. Tomorrow, I will go to the lake to look for the lost flower shop with the residual drunkenness.
It says here that when the spring is bright, among the apricot blossoms and poplars, tourists take a boat trip, drink, sing and dance. Let readers fully feel the joy of spring outing.
2. Write mourning with mourning:
For example: a night-mooring near maple bridge (Zhang Ji), Cold Night and Jiang Feng. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
Analysis: This poem describes the scene of the author staying overnight in Qiao Feng, which belongs to landscape poetry. The scenery described in the poem has the characteristics of sadness, desolation and loneliness, which is consistent with the author's worries about travel.
Another example: Gordon (Du Fu) sobbed from the vast sky in the gale, and birds flew home to the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Analysis: The first four sentences of the poem describe a desolate scene of autumn scenery-sadness and joy: the sudden wind shakes the high sky and growls, the apes wail, the bamboo is clear and white, the birds reflect the cold bamboo, the leaves fall one after another, the river is surging, and the color of late autumn is sad. For the following four sentences, a deep sense of sadness was rendered, which laid a good foundation for lyricism. The following four paragraphs are lyrical-sad: interwoven with worries about the difficulties of national luck and sadness about losing in a different place.
Another example: Xiao Zhongshan (Chen Liang)
A wisp of red in the blue curtain. At night, the branches crow and the cold smoke is thick. Xiaolou is worried about painting East. When the moon is bright, the flute is blue and the wind is blue. The past is empty. Dreams can't fly, Chu Palace. Cui secretly sealed it with gauze and tears. Jiangnan is vast, and there is nowhere to be prosperous.
The first paragraph of this poem is a sad scenery, a wisp of red, birds singing, cold smoke, twilight and a flute wind, which creates a strong chilling atmosphere and sets off one's own mood, echoing the loyalty and resentment expressed in the next paragraph, and constitutes a sad and euphemistic mood of the whole poem.
Qingping Music (Yan Shu)
The golden wind is thin, and the plane leaves are attached. Green wine is easy to get drunk at the first taste, sleeping with a small pillow window. Lagerstroemia speciosa Zhu Jin flowers, sunset wither. The silverscreen was slightly cold last night.
The first one is about sleeping late and getting drunk, and the next one is about the feeling of waking up at dusk. Gorgeous flowers wither, and the sunset triggers the poet's faint leisure. Pairs of swallows reflect the poet's loneliness and loneliness, and also imply the poet's lovesickness. Especially "Slight Cold Last Night" not only describes the weather characteristics, but also implies the poet's loneliness.
Practice example
Wei Wuying, on the Xixi River in Chuzhou.
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees. The rain brought by the spring tide came late and quickly, and no one ferried at night.
What techniques are used in this poem? What kind of feelings did the poet show?
A: This poem uses the technique of expressing one's will by supporting things; Others think that the method of comparison is used. The first two sentences of the poem are about the solitary grass beside the ravine, but there is no intention of oriole, which shows the poet's calm mentality; The scene of no one crossing at night and the water crossing the boat contains a sense of helplessness and sadness that is not in place and cannot be used.
Let's take a look at the following poems and see what kind of lyricism they belong to.
The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped. -Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling" (borrowing scenery to express emotion)
Not afraid of broken bones, leaving innocence in the world. -Yu Qian's "Lime Song" (supporting things and expressing aspirations)
Butterflies dance from time to time, and charming songbirds crow everywhere. -Du Fu's Seven Poems of Seeking Flowers Alone (lyrical by borrowing scenery)
"Painting Chrysanthemum" Zheng Sixiao
It is interesting to hedge when the flowers are not together and independent. It is better to die holding incense in the branches than to be blown down in the north wind.
Zheng Sixiao, a poet at the end of Song Dynasty, had a strong national consciousness. The first two sentences say that chrysanthemums are far away from flowers and bloom alone, indicating that they do not cooperate with the Yuan Dynasty. The last two sentences further describe that Chrysanthemum would rather die than be blown down by the north wind, depicting its arrogance and expressing its determination to stick to noble moral integrity and would rather die than surrender to the Yuan Dynasty.
Compare the four poems just now. What's the difference between expressing one's ambition with things and expressing one's feelings with scenery?
A, holding something to express your will, often depends on some characteristics of something. This "thing" is not a "scene", and chanting things is not writing a scene. The "scenery" of borrowing scenery to express feelings refers to natural scenery, not some object.
B "ambition" to express ambition can refer to feelings, ambitions, sentiments, hobbies, wishes, demands, etc. The "emotion" that expresses emotions through scenery refers to feelings such as love, hate, praise, joy and sadness.
Read the following two poems and complete the questions after the poems:
Chrysanthemum (Zheng Gu)
Childe's son should not treat chrysanthemum seedlings as ordinary weeds. On the Double Ninth Festival, chrysanthemums are in the sideburns, and compete for each other. Dew sunshine makes the chrysanthemum more Feng Run, and its fragrance fills the pool shore, so it never envies the tile pine that is parasitic not very high.
Hua ju Zheng Sixiao
Flowers can't bloom, and independent fences are not poor. It is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind.
Question: What are the characteristics of chrysanthemum and painted chrysanthemum respectively?
[Skills] Both poems use the method of chanting things and expressing feelings. Chanting things and expressing one's will refers to expressing one's feelings through the detailed description of objective things, that is, the so-called "feeling things and expressing one's will" (Wen Xin Diao Long). It requires that the objective things chosen by the author must be in harmony with the subjective interests he wants to express, which can give people artistic infection and ideological enlightenment.
"Chrysanthemum" and "Painting Chrysanthemum" all express their feelings through the specific description of "Chrysanthemum". Chrysanthemum expresses the author's noble ambition, which is beneficial to people, rather than pursuing high position and glory. "Painting Chrysanthemum" shows the lofty national integrity of sticking to the righteousness and preferring death to surrender.
Qi bid farewell to Wei.
In the morning, I heard the wanderer singing a farewell song. Last night, you crossed the Yellow River. People who are most worried are afraid to hear the swan song, and lonely travelers are in the silence of mountains and clouds. The color of the city trees urges the cold to approach, and the sound of the anvil is even later. Please don't think Chang 'an is a place of enjoyment, lest you waste precious time.
Note: farewell song: farewell song. Guancheng: Tongguan and Hanguguan. Royal Garden: Royal Palace. Anvil: The sound of beating cold clothes.
1. What are the characteristics of the season (parting environment) expressed by the first couplet and the parallel couplet? What emotion did the poet express from it?
A: The Frost and the Wild Goose point out the bleak atmosphere in late autumn, from which the poet's sadness and sadness are expressed.
2. What artistic techniques are used to express the ideological content?
A: William spoke frankly and expressed his advice to Wei Wan in the tone of an elder: Don't waste your good time by treating Chang 'an as a place of enjoyment. This is the most common way to send a farewell poem.