1. Economic prosperity: In order to consolidate political rule, the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty strengthened the centralized system, suppressed the rise of local forces, and made the domestic situation more stable; Song Shi also adopted a series of measures to promote the development of agricultural production, handicrafts and commerce also rose, and the urban economy was quite prosperous. In the early period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Central Plains region was spared from military disasters for more than a hundred years, and the art and culture adapted to the social and economic prosperity also developed rapidly, especially the words with short forms and singing characteristics, like the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, got a very prominent development.
2. Establishment of teaching workshops and singing houses: In order to meet the needs of the rulers at that time for entertaining guests and singing and dancing, there were not only teaching workshops in the palace, but also singing houses and prostitutes in big cities, and there were many courtesans and dancers in aristocratic gentry's homes, which promoted the development of lyrics more generally.
3. The development of literature itself: By the end of the Tang Dynasty, poetry had reached a mature stage, no matter whether it was long or short or ancient, and it was difficult for writers to make new breakthroughs, and another style took its place, and Ci was a new form instead of poetry. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Ci poems were devoted to describing boudoir feelings, while in the Song Dynasty, Ci poems became a part of the enjoyment of literati.
4. Due to the narrow realm of Ci in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, it left a vast world for writers in the Song Dynasty to fully develop their talents. They express sincere and frank feelings by using natural and popular tone, so the theme of Ci is wider, the system of Ci is gradually complete, and the artistic style is diversified, which can be said to have entered the golden age of Ci.