Shen Deqian thinks: "Poetry takes sound as the user, and its subtlety lies in suppression and resistance." Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Law": "Every sound flies and sinks, and there is a double stack of sounds. Double tones separate words, and every sentence is repeated. Be sure to read it. If you sink, you will break, but if you fly, you will not return. And the pulley exchanges, compared with the descaling, the detour goes back and forth. " Liu Xie made the melody clear and vivid. He advocated the staggered use of flying and sinking, that is, the leveling was made like a rope on an inoue pulley, which was looped back and forth, like the ups and downs of Longlin, closely arranged and brought out the best in each other. In the Qing Dynasty, Qian Daxin said in "Yan Qian Tang Ji" that people "want to make the middle side of the sentence alternate with the ear". Shen Yue said:
At the crossroads, the game is the opposite. These discourses laid the foundation for the later couplet theory. In couplets, the flat law is like its legs, flat, just like people walking with their left and right feet. It is good to keep balance. The level tone law is the classification of Chinese characters' tones from the perspective of literary temperament. In ancient Chinese, Chinese characters were divided into four tones: flat, upward, downward and arbitrary. Flat refers to the flat sound in ancient Chinese; Wrong. In ancient Chinese, it means entering tone, leaving tone and entering tone, because according to the principle of four tones, there is little difference between entering tone and flat tone, and the homophonic range of flat tone is within the homophonic range of entering tone. Therefore, after the Yuan Dynasty, Rusheng gradually disappeared in the north, merged into the present two tones and four tones, which were divided into two categories: Yin Ping and Yang Ping, and then gradually evolved into.
In ancient Chinese, "strike, say, accumulate, extreme, learn" all belong to entering tone characters. Although it has entered the level of yin and yang now, when it comes to level, it should still belong to level. The characteristics of Rusheng characters are short, hurried, urgent, closed and hidden (now some places in the south, such as Minnan dialect, still maintain this pronunciation mode, so it is not difficult to identify Rusheng characters). Using the meaning of different tones, staggered into sentences, forming the law of leveling. Applying this leveling law to different literary genres will give literary works a musical sense of rhythm.
Kangxi Dictionary uploaded the formula of a song, explaining the pronunciation of the four tones. Its song is written like this:
"Don't be impulsive, loudly shout a fierce collection. When you go far away, you will obviously cry from a distance, and your voice is short and urgent. " According to this principle, people divide all Chinese characters into two categories, one is flat and the other is flat. This forms the unity of opposites of Chinese characters. One level and one level, that is, the relationship between yin and yang, flat and restrained, flat and clear and turbid, flat and long, flat and short, flat and slow and sharp. The beauty of Chinese phonology is formed by the substitution of flatness, rhythm and rhythm. Couplets should not only alternate flat sentences, but also alternate the upper sentence and the lower sentence, that is to say, the upper sentence should be flat. The corresponding position of the next sentence must be opposite to it with a hyphen, and vice versa. The next sentence must be flat. In this way, the unity of opposites of pronunciation is formed. With the antithesis of meaning and pronunciation, the uneven beauty of the joint structure is formed, which is catchy, cadence and sonorous and harmonious to read. Li Rulun, a modern poetry theorist, said: "The balance of Yu Sheng accords with the configuration of music, which makes poetry independent." "You can sing or not, you can sing or not, and it also has the beauty of music. Even if your eyes don't move and the word appears in your eyes, you can show its loudness because synaesthesia is at work. " Poetry is of the same origin and closely related. The antithetical couplets are neat, similar to the necklaces and couplets in the rhymes. The poem says, "No matter one, three, five, two, four and six are distinct." This rule still applies to couplets. That is to say, the first word, the third word and the fifth word can be even, even (it is better to align according to the rules), the second word, the fourth word and the sixth word must be aligned in the plane format, otherwise it is an isolated error. Now, the flat patterns of five-character and seven-character couplets (also regular poems) are listed as follows. First, look at Changsha Love Evening Pavilion couplets: Southwest Clouds Come to Heng Yue.
Day and night, the river rushed down the Dongting. This is a flat couplet. If you write this couplet in a straightforward way, it will be straightforward.
Pingping, Pingping, Pingping (the above-mentioned mounting level means evenness, the same below) Look at the couplet of Mount Emei Wannian Temple again: the sea reaches the horizon, and the clouds are on the shore.
The mountain climbs to the top, Xuefeng. This is the beginning of the couplet. If you write in a flat tone, it is: flat tone.
Flat and even, flat and even is a seven-character couplet format. Let's talk about two initial forms of five-character couplet:
See a study couplet:
Window forest and moonlight white
This is a pair of parallel links. If this couplet is written in a flat style, it will be flat and flat.
The couplet is the couplet of Mount Emei and Dong Leiping: ancient snow condenses through the ages.
Yin is in the air, which is a combination of rising and falling. If this combination is written in a flat tone, it is flat tone.
be plain and simple
Let's talk about four-character couplets again. There is no fixed format for four-character couplets, and the upper and lower couplets are required to be flush and staggered. Generally, the last word in the upper part is "Ping", and the last word in the lower part is "Ping". For example, fengjie county Bai Di City Alliance: Festivals and Understanding.
Virtue can be mediocre, and it will be mediocre.
Flat and flat, like Huangzhou Chibi couplets: the moonlight remains the same.
The sound of the river is gentle and gentle.
The format of six-character couplets will be discussed at last. The format of six-character couplets is relatively loose and can be roughly divided into two types. The first format is: flush.
Even, even, even, even, even, just like Zhang Jun wrote: Watch your mouth.
The second format of the moral chapter is: flat and flat.
Plain as a garden pavilion: bamboo rain and loose wind and moon
Tea, cigarettes, music, rhyme and book sound are all the above formats, generally. But nothing is absolute, such as some interesting associations that can break the original format. I won't go into details here. When we say whether a couplet begins with a flat tone or no sound, we don't look at the first word, but at the second word, because Chinese characters usually take two words as a syllable, and the center of gravity of the syllable usually falls on the second word. When two words stop, one word ends with a tail (some also end with two words). The word rice is called two-tone step, and the word rice is called one-tone step. Dunn is a syllable unit. When we say that "one, three and five are not important, two, four and six are totally different", we sometimes have to be flexible. There are many sayings about this in law poems, so I won't discuss them here, but only explain the general phenomenon. 1. One, three and five cannot be ignored. For example, the couplet of Mount Emei Wannian Temple mentioned above, the bottom couplet is "Pingping", and the fifth word must be Pingping. If you change it to a flat voice, it will become "flat" At the end of the sentence, as in the couplet of Changsha Love Evening Pavilion, the bottom couplet is "Ping", and the third word must be Ping, but it can't be ignored. If the sound is used, the sentence becomes "flat and flat." In poetry, loneliness can be saved. The way to save it is to change the fifth word in the sentence from ping to ping, which becomes "ping, ping." 2. Sometimes, two, four and six are not clear. For example, in the couplet of Wannian Temple in Kumeishan, the fifth word was originally flat. If this word is used, the sixth word will be changed from flat (for preservation). That is, the whole sentence becomes "flat and flat" (note that in this case, the third word of the seven-character sentence or the first word of the five-character sentence must be flat). For another example, in the couplets of Changsha Aiwan Pavilion, the sixth word can be used instead of ping, provided that the fifth word of the sentence is used instead of ping. In this way, the all-in-one association becomes: Ping, Ping.
The above general rules of rhyming with flat tones are worth learning when writing couplets. Flat antithesis refers to the relative flat antithesis of couplets. Specific to the couplet itself, there are certain requirements, such as: flat sound and oblique sound must be used alternately, and flat sound and oblique sound can not be used only. Because the role of leveling is the key to master the tone balance. If the tone is dull and monotonous, it will cause fatigue and imbalance of the tone, and it will be very difficult and uncomfortable to read. Also, if the upper couplet and the lower couplet are composed of several short sentences, it is necessary to form an alternating effect between each short sentence. In other words, the last step of the previous short sentence and the first step of the next short sentence should alternate evenly. Jiujiang Yuyan Pavilion antithetical couplets: the willow is dark and the flowers are bright, the spring is swaying, and the wind blows the morning flute.
The water is vast, the autumn is crisp, and the moon is far away. The "sentimental" step of the first sentence in the first part of the two short sentences behind is flat, so the "swaying" of the first step of the two short sentences behind must be flat, and it must be handled in other places. We usually compare the flatness of the upper and lower parts. A good couplet must be inconsistent from top to bottom, with alternating sentences, so as to produce a sense of music with weight, urgency and gyration, which will give people beautiful enjoyment when reciting.
When we say that the upper and lower couplets are flat, it is contradictory. This is based on the premise that the upper part is the foundation and the lower part is the cooperation. But sometimes in the activities of collecting couplets, the sentence is bottom couplet, so the antithesis is top couplet.
The last word of each sentence in couplets and antitheses is called "the foot of the sentence", also called "the waist eye", which is the key to the use of even words. Please look at the trade union of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu: diligent king, good children and grandchildren, loyal king for three generations, and historical pen praising uncle Chen.
The model's amazing words are tearful, and the ink is the same as that of General Yue, mostly up and down, which is regarded as positive. Because the phonetic words are short and powerful, the flat-tone words are soothing and melodious, and the sound is suppressed, giving people an idea that is still unfinished; The flat voice line closes the couplet, and the tone rises, which is comfortable and memorable. However, some couplets are not flat on the top, or flat on the top, which is also a change. This is often because of content restrictions or some needs, and it is not used. For example, the couplets of Du Fu Caotang in Chengdu are flat on the top and flat on the bottom: the trunk is bronze and the root is stone.
Flowers are a boat with four walls at home, and the temple of Wuhou in Baidicheng is connected, that is, it is cut up and down: it is the most important thing in the world.
Knowing that you can't do it, it's connected with Mount Tai Lake Pavilion: it's already a lake to climb this mountain.
In addition, couplets should avoid "three-tone ending", that is, the first couplet ends with three tones and the second couplet ends with three tones. In a word, "out of place", "unpaired", "consistent ending", "homophonic ending" and "homophonic ending" are all maladjusted phenomena that affect the rhythmic beauty of couplets, and beginners should try their best to avoid them.
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