Climb to the top
Author: Wang Wei
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County. Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. When Xiao Guan met the waiting officials, he was protected by Ran Yan.
"To the frontier" means:
I want to go to the border crossing by bike, and the country I pass by has passed my residence.
Thousands of miles of cornices also floated out of Sai Han, and the geese heading north soared in the sky.
Solitary smoke goes straight to the vast desert, and the sunset on the endless Yellow River is round.
When you meet detective knight in Xiaoguan, tell me that Duhu is already in Yanran.
Notes on "To the Fortress":
(1) sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.
(2) Bicycle: one car, few vehicles, which is easy to describe here. Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
(3) Attribution country: There are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes called "vassal countries" frontier envoys. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There was Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Ejina Banner today. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence was written in the Tang Dynasty, "The frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal States are all outside Juyan".
(4) Signing Peng: Pengcao flies with the wind, and this is the poet's metaphor.
5. Returning to the wild goose: The wild goose is a migratory bird that flies north in spring and south in autumn. This refers to the geese flying north. Hu Tian: The airspace of the Hu people. This refers to the northern part occupied by Tang Jun.
[6] Desert: Great desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to later generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there are indeed cyclones, such as "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. "Tongdian" Volume XXI Yakumo: "And at dusk, peace and fire will not come." Hu Sansheng's Note: "Six Classics": When Tang Zhen waited for the wind, the rate was thirty miles away. On the first night of every day, a torch is lit, which is called the fire of safety. "
(7) Long River: refers to an inland river that flows through the desert north of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). This river was called Macheng River in Tang Dynasty, and it is suspected that it is Shiyang River today.
Xiaoguan: It was called Guguan in ancient times, also known as Longshan Pass, located in the southeast of Guyuan City, Ningxia. Standby: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which is not true.
(9) Duhu: There were six capitals in the northwest frontier of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Their main officials are called Duhu, and each government sends a guard and two deputies to take charge of all the affairs in this area. This refers to the former enemy commander in chief. Ran Yan: Ran Yan, which is today's Mount Hang 'ai in Mongolia. Dou Xianbei defeated the Huns in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and recorded his achievements with a stone record at this moment. Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty: Xian led the army to defeat Khan. "Later, I climbed Mount Yanran, climbed more than 3,000 miles, carved stones and made meritorious deeds, studied under Han Wade, and wrote an inscription for Ban Gu." This represents the front line.
⑽ Bicycle: One sentence is "I want to talk about my life, but I want to ask about my bicycle".
⑾ Waiting for officials: one is "waiting for riding".
The writing background of Going to the Frontier;
In 736 AD (the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Tubo sent troops to attack Little Bolu in the Tang Dynasty (in present-day north Kashmir). In the spring of 737 AD (the 25th year of Kaiyuan), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, defeated the Tubo army in the west. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Weifeng Liangzhou as the censor, went out to the fortress to comfort himself and inspect the military situation, and served as our ambassador in Hexi, which actually pushed Wang Wei out of the court. This poem was written on the way to the fortress.
Appreciation of To the Top:
This poem is included in The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, Volume 126. The following is an appreciation of this poem by Mr. Zhang Yanjin, an expert in ancient Chinese literature, a member of the Chinese Writers Association and a former doctoral supervisor of the Chinese Department of Capital Normal University.
The Ambassador to the Great Wall depicts the strange and magnificent scenery beyond the Great Wall, and shows the poet's praise for the patriotic spirit of the frontier guards who are brave in danger and lead the motherland. This poem is concise in narration and magnificent in picture.
"Bike wants to ask the side", there is no bus to go there, where to go-"belonging to the country, living in Yan", living in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.
The poet compared Peng and Yan to "going out to Han like grass, flying into the lake like a wild goose flying north". In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen."
The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Xiaoguan is protected in Yanran every time he rides a horse." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.
The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "the desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen" wrote the famous sentence "Wonderful beyond the Great Wall" after entering the frontier fortress, with a wide picture and heroic artistic conception, which neighbor Wang Guowei called "the wonders of the ages". The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. A passage from the forty-eighth poem in A Dream of Red Mansions can be regarded as the superb artistic realm of these two poems.