"Teacher's Comments" is the fourth text in Unit 3 of Compulsory 3 of People's Education Press. This unit belongs to ancient argumentative essays. As a style, "Shuo" expounds a certain point of view. Students have learned Ailian and Ma Shuo in junior high school and come into contact with such problems. This unit also learned Guo Qin's theory, which is almost the same in essence. A key point of studying this article is to understand the author's point of view, learn the author's argument art, and learn to express ideas and opinions clearly and forcefully.
First, the design ideas
1, guiding ideology
In the final analysis, Chinese learning, whether stipulated by the curriculum standards or required by the examination syllabus, aims to cultivate independent reading ability, develop the habit of independent thinking, questioning and exploring, develop the quality of thinking, and enhance the profundity and criticism of thinking.
The article "On Teachers" has a strong practical pertinence, and the elaboration of "learning from teachers" and the role orientation of "teachers" are of epoch-making significance. It is planned to teach in two classes. The first class focuses on reading, combining context and notes, dredging words and solving problems such as classical Chinese words. This lesson is the second lesson, grasping the content of the text as a whole, combing the ideas, summarizing the main points and understanding the views expressed in the text; Starting from the text, this paper discusses the author's writing background and spirit of the times, and guides students to explore some problems in the text and put forward their own opinions. As the designer and guide of classroom teaching, teachers mainly stimulate students to question, explore and communicate by setting questions. Teachers give timely guidance and instruction.
2. Teaching objectives
Knowledge and ability: understand the author's point of view and appreciate how the author expounds and demonstrates around the point of view;
Draw lessons from the discussion art of the article and learn the methods of comparative argument and reasoning argument;
Explore the author's writing background and further grasp the practical significance and pertinence of the article.
Methods and approaches: question teaching method and inquiry method.
Emotion and evaluation: learn from the author's spirit of "being a teacher"; The quality of learning from others.
The application of modern teaching methods;
Ppt courseware, presenting preset questions, combing the structure of the article, supplementing materials, etc.
3. Key points and difficulties:
Focus: understand the author's point of view and grasp how the author expounds and demonstrates around the point of view.
The design is based on argumentative essays, and it is the basis and focus of teaching to grasp the author's point of view and analyze how to demonstrate according to the curriculum standard-the concept of evaluating the main points and basic tendencies of the text. Based on this setting, through combing the text content, a mind map is formed to make a breakthrough.
Difficulties: Grasp the practical significance of the article.
Design is based on text and based on Tao. "Shi Shuo" is a famous book that has been told through the ages. The article has strong pertinence and practical significance, and it is still a good reference for today's study and life. Starting from the text, this paper discusses the author's writing background and spirit of the times, and guides students to explore some problems in the text and put forward their own opinions. It is difficult to grasp the practical significance of the article, so it is determined as a teaching difficulty. In order to break through this teaching difficulty, three questions are preset: stimulating interest, questioning and exploring, and the teacher supplements relevant materials in time to achieve the goal.
Second, the teaching process
(1) import
Argument, argument and argument are the three elements of an article. Shi Shuo is a treatise on the necessity of studying as a teacher, and it is also a famous article that has been told through the ages. In this lesson, we will appreciate the subtlety of the argument of Shi Shuo and explore the reasons for its spread through the ages. (ppt shows learning objectives)
(2) Combing the author's viewpoints, analysis and argumentation methods.
1, read the text, extract sentences that can show the author's point of view and summarize the main idea of each paragraph.
The design intention is to be more familiar with the text content and grasp the idea of the article as a whole.
2. Students express communication and comments from teachers and students.
3. Combined with specific paragraphs, analyze how the author demonstrates.
The design intention is to study the text deeply and appreciate the author's reasoning and argumentation (the first paragraph), positive and negative comparison and argumentation (the second paragraph), quotation and argumentation (the third paragraph quotes the case of Confucius studying as a teacher) and other argumentation methods.
4. Summary: At the beginning of the article, the author puts forward two views about learning from teachers. One is that "ancient scholars must have teachers." The author briefly and forcefully expounds the role of teachers and the necessity of learning from teachers, and then discusses the purpose of learning or the criteria for selecting teachers. Through reasoning and argumentation, the second view is summarized as "nothing expensive or cheap, nothing long or short, the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers". In the second paragraph, three groups of comparisons are used to expose the behavior of scholar-officials who are ashamed to follow the teacher, and to prove the first point from the critical phenomenon. In the third paragraph, give an example to demonstrate the second point from the front. The fourth paragraph explains the reasons for writing, and summarizes the full text with Li Pan's "Being able to be an ancient road", that is, the way to teach and the way to choose teachers, echoing the two viewpoints put forward in the first paragraph. Rigorous structure and exquisite conception. It is worthy of our reference in writing. (ppt shows the structure of the text)
(C) study the text, it is difficult to explore
A generation of great scholar Zhu once said: "Reading begins with reading, and the unknown has doubts;" Secondly, there is a growing suspicion; In the middle, it is doubtful. After that, doubts gradually released, and even reached mastery. There is no doubt before learning. "After combing the content and structure of the article, I understand the author's point of view and argumentation method. Do you have any questions about the content of the text? Ask students to ask questions and discuss. (ppt shows three preset questions)
1 "It's not my job to explain the truth to readers who learn from books taught by boys' teachers".
The design aims at setting this question and guiding students to understand the essence of "preaching", "teaching" and "dispelling doubts" mentioned by the author. Han Yu's so-called "Tao" is the Confucian Tao and the essence of exploring the laws of nature and society. "Teachers" master "Tao", and students learn from teachers, that is, they learn from teachers' "Tao", for nothing else. If a teacher only teaches simple words and "learns to read sentences" without considering the primary task of "preaching", it is not a teacher.
2. "Witch doctor musicians are not ashamed to go to school" is this contradictory to "the teacher's morality has not been passed down for a long time"?
The purpose of designing this question is to explore the realistic pertinence of the author's writing: the literati family is ashamed of the bad atmosphere of learning from teachers, and the object of criticism is the literati family.
Is Li's "learning from time to time" the real reason for being a teacher? Why did a generation of literary masters write this masterpiece-Shi Shuo for an unknown young man?
The end of the design intention seems to explain the reason for writing, but more importantly, it serves as a positive argument.
Li Zhi's "learning from time to time" was really a rare ancient road at that time. In the author's view, the "ancient road" means that "ancient scholars must have teachers" and "saints are impermanent teachers", which is exactly what the author strongly advocates.
(4) The pertinence and practical significance of the article.
Mr. Han Yu expounded the necessity and importance of learning from teachers. A good essay always criticizes the shortcomings of the times and has a strong realistic pertinence.
Thinking: What kind of social situation can you read from this article? How do you think we should learn from teachers in real life?
Students express and communicate, and the teacher supplements the relevant background.
The design intention is to train students to figure out the writing background according to the text "The teacher's teachings have not been passed on for a long time" and "If the teacher says that his disciples are floating clouds, they will laugh in groups". Connect with real life and guide the good habit of "respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching"
Supplementary information (ppt demonstration): The gate valve system has been used since the Tang Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties. Noble children all entered Hong Wen Pavilion, Chongwen Pavilion and Guo Zi School. No matter what you study, there are officials to do. Liu Zongyuan's Answer to Wei Zhongli's Teacher's Book "From the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people benefited instead of being teachers. I didn't know there were teachers in this world. If there is, I will laugh and think I am crazy. "
(5) class summary
Mr. Han Yu was deeply saddened by the bad atmosphere that gentry in the upper class at that time could not follow the ancient road and were ashamed to follow the teacher. He pointed out that the role of teachers is to "impart knowledge and dispel doubts", which has far-reaching influence. This paper mainly expounds the necessity and importance of learning from teachers through reasoning and positive and negative comparative arguments. His rigorous structure, ingenious conception and the spirit of being a teacher regardless of customs are all worth learning!
The design intention is to understand Han Yu's fearless spirit of "resisting Yan as a teacher" in combination with the background of the times.
(6) Transfer:
1. Try to write an argumentative essay fragment of about 200 words by positive and negative comparison.
2. Mencius believes that "the trouble with others lies in being a good teacher." Read the teaching aid "Optimized Design" to expand reading —— Answer Yan Hou and Scholars on Being a Teacher (Liu Zongyuan), and talk about your views on Han Yu's behavior of "being a teacher".
The design intention is to further understand Han Yu's spirit of being a teacher and cultivate good habits of learning from each other through expansion.