When reciting, on the one hand, we should thoroughly grasp the content of the work, on the other hand. It is necessary to rationally use various artistic means to accurately express the inner meaning of the work. Commonly used basic expressions are: pause, stress, speech speed, sentence tone.
1, pause
Pause refers to the sound pause between sentences or words. On the one hand, pause is due to the physiological needs of the reciter when reciting; On the other hand, it is the need of sentence structure; On the other hand, it is the need to fully express thoughts and feelings; At the same time, it can also give listeners room to appreciate, think, understand and accept, and help listeners understand the meaning of the article and deepen their impressions. Pause includes physiological pause, grammatical pause and emphasis pause.
A) physiological pause
Physiological pause refers to the reader's short pause according to the need of breathing without affecting semantic integrity. Pay attention to physiological pause, not hinder semantic expression, and not split grammatical structure;
B) grammatical pause
Grammatical pause reflects the grammatical relationship in a sentence, which is embodied as punctuation in written language. Generally speaking, the length of grammatical pause is roughly related to punctuation. Such as period, question mark, pause score after exclamation point, colon length; The pause after semicolon and colon is longer than comma; The pause after comma is longer than pause; Pauses between paragraphs are longer than pauses in sentences.
C) emphasize pause
In order to emphasize something, highlight a certain meaning or a certain feeling, pause in writing where there are no punctuation marks, no physiological pause, or make a big pause in writing where there are punctuation marks. Such a pause is called emphasis pause. Emphasizing the pause is mainly arranged by carefully pondering the work and deeply understanding its internal meaning.
Step 2 emphasize
Stress refers to the phenomenon that some words in a sentence are stressed when reading or speaking. Generally, it is reflected by increasing the intensity of sound. There are two kinds of stress: grammatical stress and stress stress.
Grammatical stress
According to the characteristics of grammatical structure, it is called grammatical stress to stress some parts of a sentence without expressing any special thoughts and feelings. The position of grammatical stress is relatively fixed, and the common law is:
① Predicates in short sentences are often stressed;
② Adverbials before verbs or adjectives are often stressed;
③ Verbs are followed by adjectives. Verbs and some phrases are often stressed as complements;
The attributive before nouns is often stressed;
⑤ Some pronouns are often stressed;
Stress
Stress refers to the sound that is deliberately stressed in order to express a special feeling and emphasize a special meaning, in order to attract the listener's attention to a certain part he wants to emphasize. Where a sentence should be emphasized, there are no fixed rules, just the environment in which it is said. Dominated by content and emotion. The same sentence, with different stress, often has different meanings.
3. Speed of speech
Speech speed refers to the length of each syllable and the tightness of the connection between syllables when speaking or reciting. The speed of speaking is determined by the speaker's feelings, and the speed of reading is related to the ideological content of the article. Generally speaking, warm, cheerful, excited and nervous content is faster;
The content of calmness, solemnity, sadness, heaviness and reminiscence is slow. General narrative, explanation and discussion use medium speed. Take the dialogue between Zhou Puyuan and Lu Shiping in Thunderstorm as an example. When reading aloud, the speed of speech should be adjusted according to the changes of the characters' emotions, rather than reading aloud at the same speed.
4. Sentence tone
In Chinese, words have tones and sentences have tones. We usually call words tone, which refers to the rise and fall of syllables. The tone of a sentence is called intonation, which refers to the rise and fall of a sentence. The mood of the sentence runs through the whole sentence, but it is especially obvious in the syllables of the sentence. According to the different mood and emotional attitude, the tone of a sentence can be divided into four types: rising tone, falling tone, flat tone and tonal tone.
A) rising tone (↑), low before and high after, the language potential rises. Generally used to express doubts, rhetorical questions, surprises, etc.
B) falling tone (↓), the former is high first and then low, and the language potential gradually declines. It is generally used in declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences to express feelings such as affirmation, determination, praise and blessing.
C) flat tone. (1) This sound is smooth and soothing without obvious fluctuation. It can be used for statements and explanations without special feelings, and can also express feelings such as solemnity, sadness and indifference.
D) tunes. The intonation of the whole sentence is curved, either rising first and then falling, or falling first and then rising, which often drags out the words that need to be highlighted in the sentence. This kind of sentence tone is often used to express irony, disgust, irony, suggestion and so on.
In addition to the above basic means of expression, in order to make the reading lively, we have to use some special means of expression, such as laughter, vibrato, crying, stressed reading and so on.
Extended data
First, poetry reading preparation
First of all, we should avoid "affectation". Poetry reading, like other reading methods, should be natural and must not be influenced. Although the feelings of poetry are stronger than other styles, they are still from the heart.
To memorize a poem well, we must first read it carefully and understand the author's feelings. Then, try to arouse * * * and make your feelings close to the author's feelings. Only in this way can our recitation successfully reproduce the author's emotions.
The audience will sound "natural". If the reader does not understand the author's feelings but only "estimates" the author's feelings, it is easy to lose proper limit.
Without an internal emotional foundation, only relying on skills to support, the audience will inevitably feel "influenced". In fact, the most important thing is confidence.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Poetry Reading