Liang Qichao (1873-1929) was a modern thinker and one of the leaders of the Reform Movement of 1898. The word Zhuo Ru,no. Ren Gong, is not the owner of the icehouse. Guangdong Xinhui people. Liang Qichao received traditional education at home since childhood. 1890 tried it in Beijing, but it didn't work. On the way back to Guangdong, I passed by Shanghai, and saw An Introduction to World Geography, A Brief Introduction to Ying Huan and the translation of western books by Shanghai Machinery Bureau, which was an eye-opener. In the same year, I met Kang Youwei and voted for him. 189 1 studied in wanmu thatched cottage, accepted Kang Youwei's thoughts and theories, and embarked on the road of improvement and reform. At that time, people were collectively called "Kangliang". 1in the spring of 895, he went to Beijing again to take the exam, assisted Kang Youwei, and launched a "bus petition" for candidates to jointly petition in Beijing. Liang Qichao was very active in the Reform Movement. In Beijing, he was in charge of World Bulletin (later renamed Chinese and Foreign Journals) and Shanghai Current Affairs, and went to Macau to organize Intimate Newspaper. Many of his political views have great influence on society. 1897, head teacher of Wu Shi school in Changsha, promoting Hunan's political reform thought. 1898 returned to Beijing and actively participated in the "Hundred Days Reform". In July, summoned by Emperor Guangxu, he was ordered to present the General Theory of Reform, awarded six titles, and was responsible for handling the affairs of Shi Jing University Hall Translation Company. After the coup in September, Liang Qichao fled to Japan and had contact with the revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen. During his stay in Japan, he successively founded Qingyi Newspaper and Xinmin Congbao, advocating reform and opposing revolution. At the same time, it also introduced a large number of western social and political theories, which had a great influence among intellectuals at that time. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he tried to make revolutionaries compromise with the Qing government. In the early years of the Republic of China, he supported Yuan Shikai and accepted Yuan Yi's intention to merge the Democratic Party with the United Party, rebuild the Progressive Party and compete with the Kuomintang for political power. 19 13, the "talent cabinet" of the progressive party was established, and Liang Qichao became the chief justice. Yuan Shikai's ambition to be emperor is increasingly exposed. Liang Qichao opposed Yuan's claim to be emperor and planned to use force against Yuan with Cai E. 19 15 At the end of this year, a war broke out in Yunnan to defend the country. 19 16, Liang Qichao went to Guangdong and Guangxi, actively participated in the anti-Yuan struggle, and made important contributions to the rise and development of the national protection movement. After Yuan Shikai's death, Liang Qichao became the chief financial officer of the Beiyang government controlled by Duan and was supervised by the General Administration of Salt Affairs. In September, Sun Yat-sen launched a battle to protect the law. 165438+ 10, Duan's cabinet was forced to step down, and Liang Qichao also took the blame and resigned from politics. 19 18 At the end of this year, Liang Qichao went to Europe and learned about many problems and disadvantages in western society. After returning to China, he preached that western civilization had gone bankrupt and advocated developing traditional culture and "saving the world" with the "inherent civilization" of the East. Liang Qichao is also a famous scholar. He has a wide range of interests and profound knowledge, and has deep attainments in literature, history, philosophy, Buddhism and other fields. From 190 1 to 1902, he wrote China's Historical Narrative and New History, criticized feudal history and launched a "historical revolution". After returning from a trip to Europe, he mainly engaged in cultural education and academic research activities, and wrote books with high academic value, such as Academic Introduction of Qing Dynasty, Academic History of China in Recent 300 Years, History of Political Thought in Pre-Qin Period, Research Methods of China History, and Cultural History of China. He wrote a lot in his life, leaving a collection of restaurants with 148 volumes100000 words. In academic research, he has a wide range of knowledge, covering ancient and modern times, and has high attainments in philosophy, literature, history, classics, law, ethics, religion and other fields, especially in historical research. His life's writings are equivalent, totaling about 10 million words. There are many works in the world, and the works in the ice room are relatively complete.
19 12 returned to China, 19 18- 1920 went to Europe. After returning to China, he spared no effort to give lectures and write, focusing on pre-Qin philosophers, Qing dynasty academics, history and Buddhism. From 1922, I worked part-time in Tsinghua University, and from 1925, I applied for the position of tutor of Ren Qinghua Sinology Research Institute. The scope of my instruction is: philosopher, history of Buddhism in China, academic history of Song Yuanming, academic history of Qing Dynasty, China literature, history of China philosophy, history of China, historical research methods, etc. During this period, there are Academic Introduction of Qing Dynasty, Case Study of Mozi, China Historical Research Law, Academic History of China in Recent 300 Years, Lover Du Fu, Qu Yuan Research, Political Thought History of Pre-Qin Dynasty, and China Cultural History. The main works are included in The Icehouse Collection. 1927, leaving Tsinghua research institute. 1929 died of illness. Liang Qichao introduced western culture and new literary concepts in literary theory, and initiated the innovation of various styles in modern times. There are also many achievements in literary creation: prose, poetry, novels, operas and translated literature all have works in the world, especially prose.
Liang Qichao (1873- 1929): The word Zhuoru, whose real name is Ren Gong, was born in Xinhui, Guangdong Province, and was a juren in the 15th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1889). Famous politicians and writers in modern times. Because of his participation in the reform movement in 1898, he became a man of the hour in history. After 1920, Liang Qichao divorced from political activities and concentrated on academic research, engaged in writing literature, history and philosophy. In the aspect of calligraphy art, Liang Qichao studied Ou Yangxun in his early years, and then studied Kang Youwei, an engraver of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. But he is very different from Kang Youwei. If Kang Youwei's calligraphy is compared to the tide of the sea, then Liang Qichao's calligraphy is the clear spring of the mountain stream. Kang Youwei pursues a vigorous and broad style, while Liang Qichao's calligraphy shows a typical peaceful and quiet style.
1873 On the 26th day of the twelfth year of Tongzhi (February 23rd of Gregorian calendar), one-year-old Gui You was born in Chakeng Village, Xinhui.
When Ding Chou was five years old, he was taught to read four books and five classics by his grandfather and mother in Guangxu for three years in 1877.
Twelve-year-old Shen Jia, who was ten years old in Guangxu in 1884, won the top prize in the Guangzhou Boy's Test.
Sixteen-year-old Wu Zixu, 1888, was born in Xuehaitang, Guangzhou, and lived outside the Academy of Poe, Yuexiu and Yuehua.
1890 In the sixteenth year of Guangxu, Mao Yin, who was eighteen years old, was introduced by Chen and studied under Kang Youwei.
/kloc-Xin Mao, aged 0/9, went to Beijing in the seventeenth year of Guangxu in 189 1 and married Li Huixian.
Twenty-year-old grandfather died in the eighteenth year of Guangxu in 189 1 and returned to his hometown for more than ten years.
Twenty-three years old, 1895 Guangxu twenty-one years, B failed to go to Beijing with Kang Youwei, ranking last. Participate in the organization "Writing on the Bus". Help Kang build a strong society.
Twenty-four years old, 1896 In the twenty-second year of Guangxu, Bing Shen organized The Times, served as editor-in-chief, and published articles such as "General Discussion on Political Reform", which became famous at one fell swoop.
1897, that is, in 23 years, 25-year-old Ding You served as the chief teacher of Hunan Current Affairs School. Participate in the establishment of non-foot-binding clubs and girls' schools.
Twenty-six years old, 1898 In the 24th year of Guangxu, Wu Shu participated in the "Reform Movement of 1898", and Emperor Guangxu awarded the title of Six Products and was ordered to run a translation publishing house. After the coup in August, he fled to Japan, returned to China with Chen Shaobai, and negotiated and cooperated with the Development Committee of China, but it was fruitless because of Kang Youwei's obstruction. Editor-in-chief of Qingyi Newspaper in Yokohama.
Twenty-seven years old, 1899, twenty-five years old, Guangxu. In July, Datong School was established in Tokyo, Japan.
At the age of twenty-eight, 1900, in the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu, the Boxer Rebellion, Kang Youwei and Kang Cai Chang launched the "Qinwang Movement" and lost.
At the age of 30, 1902, in the 28th year of Guangxu, Ren Yin's Qingyi Newspaper stopped publishing, founded Xinmin Cong Newspaper and New Novel Newspaper, and launched the "novel revolution".
Thirty-five years old, 1907 At the end of the third year of Guangxu, Xinmin Congbao was closed and a political news agency was established.
In the first year of the Republic of China 19 12, 40-year-old Renzi returned to China from Japan and wrote Needless to Say.
Forty-one years old, in 1913, the second year of the Republic of China, I joined the * * * and the party. Xiong Xiling's cabinet was formed. As attorney general.
In 1915, 43-year-old Mao Yi founded Greater China Monthly. Resign as director of the currency board. Go back to your hometown in April. In June, he wrote "Guiding the so-called National Movement", denouncing Yuan Weidi and engaging in anti-Yuan movement in the south.
19 16, 44-year-old Chen Bing launched an anti-Yuan movement in Shanghai. Arrived in Guangxi in March and launched Guangxi to declare independence. He served as a staff officer at the headquarters of Guangdong and Guangxi in Zhaoluo. After the establishment of military hospital, Ren Fujun and political commissar.
19 17 In July, 45-year-old Ding and Duan opposed the restoration together. Duan is the Chief Financial Officer of the Cabinet, and was removed from his post in 1 1 month.
Forty-seven years old, 19 19, visited European countries at the end of the eighth year of the Republic of China.
In the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), at the age of 50, Ren Xu gave lectures in Beijing, Jinan, Jiangsu and Shanghai.
In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), 53-year-old Zhou Enlai gave a lecture in Tsinghua University and became the director of Shi Jing Library.
57 years old 18 years 1 month 19 died of kidney disease in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Memorial services were held in Beijing and Shanghai, and many people attended.
Liang Qichao had two wives in his life: Li Huixian and Wang Guiquan. 1889 (15th year of Guangxu), Liang Qichao, who was only 17 years old, was admitted to juren and engaged to Li Huixian, the cousin of Li Duanfen, the examiner. 189 1 year (the 17th year of Guangxu), Liang Qichao 19 years old went to Beijing and married Li Huixian, who was four years older than him. After marriage, the relationship between husband and wife has been very good. When Li Huixian married Liang Qichao, she brought two maids. Among them, he is smart and diligent, and he is deeply loved by the Liang couple. 1903, she became Liang Qichao's side room. 1September 3, 924, Li Huixian died, and Liang Qichao wrote a beautifully written "Sacrifice to Mrs. Liang". 1968 during the "cultural revolution", Wang Guiquan was separated from his children and died in a dark hut.
Liang Qichao has nine children: Si Shun, Si Sheng, Si Yong, No.4 Middle School, No.4 Zhuang, No.4 Da, No.4 Yi, No.4 Ning and Li Si. Among them, Sizheng and Sizhuang were born, and Siyong, Sizhong, Sizhong, Siyi and Sining were born to Mrs. Wang. Many of them later became outstanding talents.
Liang (Lingxian) (1893- 1966), the eldest daughter.
Liang Sicheng (190 1 year-1972), the eldest son, is a famous architect. 1948 was elected as the first academician of academia Sinica (humanities group) in March. His wife is Lin.
The second son, the famous archaeologist Liang Siyong (1904- 1954) and 1948 were elected as the first academicians of academia sinica (humanities group) in March.
The third son, Liang Sizhong (1907- 1932), was an officer in the artillery school of the 19th Route Army of the Kuomintang, and died young due to illness.
The second daughter Liang Sizhuang (1908- 1986) is a famous librarian.
The fourth son Liang Sida (19 12-) has been engaged in economic research for a long time.
Liang Siyi (19 14- 1988), three daughters, engaged in social activities.
Liang Sining (19 16-), four women, defected to the New Fourth Army to participate in the China Revolution. Now retired, living in Jinan, Shandong.
Liang's fifth son (1924-) is a famous rocket control system expert. 1993 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.