Ancient literature generally includes European ancient literature and China ancient literature. European ancient literature includes ancient Greek literature and Roman literature, while China ancient literature is classified by time, including pre-Qin and Han literature, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties literature, Tang and Song literature, Yuan, Ming and Qing literature. The following is my explanation of ancient literature terms in the self-study exam. Welcome to read.
Tongcheng School:
It is the most important prose school in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Because its representatives Fang Bao, Liu Da and Yao Nai are all from Tongcheng, Anhui, they are called Tongcheng School. The basic characteristics of his prose theory are: based on Cheng Zhu's thought of neo-Confucianism, aiming at serving the Qing dynasty regime, taking the ancient prose of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and the eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties as models, and having a systematic prose theory with detailed rules in article system and practice. Fang Bao is the founder of Tongcheng School, and the core of his prose theory is the word "righteousness and law". Yao Nai made Tongcheng School's theory more complete and systematic, and put forward a theory with both righteousness, textual research and articles, and formed a huge team of writers around him.
Iron Cliff Style:
Yang Weizhen, a famous poet in the late Yuan Dynasty, named Iron Cliff. His palace poems, bamboo branch poems and ancient Yuefu were very popular at that time. Because it can form its own school and has many imitators, it is called "iron cliff body" or "iron body" in the world.
Taige style:
During the period from Yongle to Tianshun, a group of writers represented by Yang Shiqi, Yang Pu and Yang Rong, the powerful ministers of Zaifu, monopolized the literary world. Their creative content is based on whitewashing peace and praising virtues. The style used is mainly poetry, and also prose, among which, except for the imperial edicts, most of them are entertainment, topic-giving, custom-made and sacred works, with elegant and elegant style. Because they are all important ministers of Taige, their status is special, so this style of writing is all the rage in the society, so that it is called Taige style.
Tang and Song School:
It is a literary school that appeared in Jiajing period in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and its main goal is to reverse the retro theory of the first seven sons represented by Li Mengyang and He Jingming. Its main representatives are Wang Shenzhong, Tang Shunzhi, Mao Kun and Gui Youguang. Their basic point of view is to oppose replacing orthodoxy with literary talent, advocate restoring the prose tradition of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and advocate the unity of literature and Taoism.
Tongguang:
It was actually the third period of the Song Poetry Movement in the late Qing Dynasty. They don't know if they are in the Song Dynasty, but they call it "not sticking to the prosperous Tang Dynasty", that is, they mainly study the Song Dynasty, but don't limit themselves to it. The name "Tongguang" is for flaunting, and it takes itself as the tradition of Song poetry since Daoguang and Xianfeng. In fact, the word "Tongguang" refers to tongzhi, and it is more practical to rename it "Guangxuan". The creation of this school of poets mostly began after the middle of Guangxu, so Tongguang refers to the Song School after Guangxu, Xuantong and even the Republic of China. Among the Tongguang poets, Chen Sanli has the highest achievement, and Shen Cengzhi and Zheng Xiaoxu are important members.
Poetry School of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties:
At the time of Daoguang and Xianfeng, Wang Yiyun, a native of Hunan, was unique. His poems were the first to respect the "Eight Dynasties", and his poems were deliberately imitated. Deng Fulun and Gao Xinkui are the two main authors of this school. History calls this school of poetry the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties school of poetry, also known as Huxiang school of poetry. At that time, this school of poetry was very famous, but later theorists unanimously identified it as "sticking to the ancient law" and even ridiculed it as a "fake antique". Therefore, after Deng and Gao died, this school declined.