Analysis:
Lu You not only expressed his love for the motherland in his poems, but also issued an angry condemnation to the corrupt and incompetent ruling authorities who pursued peace and harmony: "Men are still in charge, and people with lofty ideals give their youth in vain" ("Feeling Angry"); "Officials and officials have a party to arrange Zong Ze, but no one uses Yue Fei" ("Reading Fan Intelligence at Night"). Besides, in his poems, such as Memories, City Guests, Northern Rock and Guan Shanyue, Lu You denounced the bureaucrats who were not sympathetic to the national tragedy but only knew luxury and enjoyment. In the face of the corruption phenomenon of "singing and dancing in Zhumen, the horse in the stable is fat and the bow is broken", he cried bitterly: "Why bother? I can't bear to have wine? " ("Drunk Song")
In his poems, Lu You also showed deep concern for the people oppressed by the nation and class. In his poems, I can't sleep on the night of March 25th, Autumn Harvest Song, Autumn Tournament, and Peasant Sigh, he described the reality at that time as follows: "The rich serve thousands of slaves, and the poor are old and have no money", "It is troublesome to collect taxes all the year round, and the blood in front of the county family is wet" and "I am poor all day." Because Lu You has a deep feeling for the people's sufferings and an unusual sympathy for the people who are forced to resist, such a brilliant thought appears in the poems such as Two Emperors and Short Writings: "Officials or no good governance, thieves start from the people"; "The thief is my man, if it wasn't Hu Qiang at first." Why do you want to fight when you are angry? "This view of' thief' has broken through the view of ordinary scribes, which is valuable under the historical conditions at that time.
In a word, worrying about the country, loving the people and fighting to the death are the biggest characteristics of Lu's poems, which is also the reason why his poems can be told through the ages. In addition, Lu You also wrote many poems with unique styles. These poems either express life feelings or describe mountains and rivers, showing a natural, smooth, fresh and elegant style; There are also some works that combine poetry and philosophy artistically. Such as "Spring Dawn": "Flowers are cherished by storm people, and scholars are honored by rivers and lakes"; Another example is "Shanxi Village Tour": "There is no way for mountains and rivers to be suspicious, and there is another village in the dark"; Rain in Jianmen Road;
"This body is a poet? Riding a donkey into the sword gate in the drizzle "and so on.
Lu You's poems can be said to have both styles, no matter they are classical, metrical and quatrains, they all have excellent works, among which seven verses are well written. In this respect, Lu You inherited the experience of his predecessors and enriched his own creation at the same time, so some people say that he and Du Fu and Li Shangyin have completed the "three changes" in the creation of the seven laws (Shu Wei's Poems in a Bottle of Water); Also known as his Seven Laws, it was "incomparable at that time" (Shen Deqian's Shi Shuo Yu). In the Seven Laws of Lu You, Zhang Junmai, who is really famous, has many layers, and everyone recites them. For example, "Jiang Sheng is full of heroic hatred and selfless providence" ("Huangzhou"); "I am still as good as a desert, why should I cry for the new pavilion" ("Night Park Water Village"); "Wan Li Guanhe lonely pillow dream, five more storms and four mountains and autumn" ("On Pillows"); "On the ninth road, creeping wave is surging and thousands of ships cross the river" ("Du Fu Bridge to Nantai"); "Moonlight is half a window, and autumn trees are in the middle" (pillow); "Birds fly low outside the bridge, passers-by are in the shade" (Hengmen independence) and so on. These famous sayings, either magnificent or picturesque, are both steady and vivid.
Lu You's achievements in poetry creation, besides the seven methods, should be the rejection of poetry, which was once called "catching up with Tang Yin" by predecessors. In addition to the aforementioned poems, such as Shizi and A Light Rain Encounter on Jianmen Road, other poems, such as Ganxiao Fenmen to Meet the Cold of Autumn Night, Three Wan Li Rivers Entering the Sea, Apes and Birds in the Wild City on the River, Sleeping on a Boat in Light Rain and Sweeping the Boat Fly, are all worthy of being "almost naive colors in the Tang Dynasty".
Although Lu You's poems present a colorful style, from the general creative tendency, they are mainly realistic, as he himself said: "Tao is empty, and literary works are real." He inherited the fine tradition of Qu Yuan and other previous generations of poets to care about the country and the people, and made outstanding achievements based on his own era. Therefore, some people compare him with Du Fu and call him "the history of poetry" (the complete works of Mr. Houcun). But from time to time, Lu You galloped his rich artistic imagination in his poems. For example, in the poem "On the night of May 11th, in the middle of the night, I dreamed of personal expedition and returned to my hometown of Han and Tang Dynasties ...", I vividly described the joyful scene of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War: "The first six armies were driven by splendid scenery, and the autumn wind and drums filled the sky. Alfalfa stops before the peak and the fire is on the Jiaohe River. " Liangzhou is full of high-rise buildings and has developed into Kyoto. Poems such as Drunk Song, March, and Song of the Gods also have charm beyond the clouds. No wonder he is also called "Little Taibai". However, Lu You's poems still have a strong realistic color. Or it is a kind of backlash that the realistic ideal is not satisfied.
In a word, Lu's poems have made great achievements both ideologically and artistically, as the predecessors said: "There is no intention to search without losing delicacy, and there is no novelty without spoiling things, which ancient poets did not have." (Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua") Lu Ji also has some shortcomings. Although "empty, clear as words", sometimes it is inevitable that words will flow like a flow, and the momentum is greater than the connotation. Another obvious disadvantage is that the meaning and syntax of words are repetitive, especially in later years. This is because he has created a lot, so he is "as busy as a bee, as busy as a bee". In addition, because Lu You was a poet living in feudal times after all, he inevitably had many ideological limitations, especially when he was hit by the dark forces, he was more likely to feel empty and pessimistic, and sometimes even in those impassioned poems. For example, "If you look at the end of Chibi, why is it like Zhongmou" ("Huangzhou"); "It's better to sleep in a drunken sleep than to walk for half a century" ("Sleeping in the Library") and so on. However, compared with his whole creation, these negative factors in Lu's poems are still minor flaws, which does not affect his position as a great man in the literary world of the Song Dynasty.
Lu You's ci creation is not only to write poems, but also to write ci. Because he doesn't pay much attention to this poetic style, there are not many words, only 130 * *. His words are also diverse in style and have their own characteristics. There are many beautiful and lingering words, which are close to the "graceful school" in Song Ci, such as the famous "Hairpin Phoenix". In this poem, he poured out his tortuous and deep love affair with his ex-wife Tang, who was forcibly separated by feudal forces: "Red crisp hands, yellow wine, spring willows all over the city. The east wind is evil, and the feelings are thin. A sad mood, a cable that I haven't seen for years. No, no, no! " Other works, such as Partridge Sky, Two Jade Men on Nanpu Boat, Fairy on the Spring River, Turtledove Rain as a New Green, Butterfly Lovers, Flowers on a Stranger Whispering Cold Food, Water, Looking for Spring at the Bottom of a Bottle and so on, are also works with deep feelings. However, after all, Lu You was different from Qin Guan, a graceful poet who was admired by him at that time. His words are not just about cutting red flowers and carving green flowers, but often expressing his deep affection for life or pinning his superb mind, such as [Nanxiangzi]: "When you enter Huangzhou at a young age, meeting a glass of wine wins." This is a dream for 30 years. Very sad. "The guest road is rustling, and the temple is autumn." Another example is [operator]: "I have no intention of competing for spring, and everyone is jealous." Scattered into mud, ground into dust, only fragrance remains. Others, such as The Fisherman's Pride, Looking at the Shadow of Dongshan Mountain, Double Lotus, I am surprised by the stars, I am empty, and this body is like sending. Among them, it is desolate and profound, or profound in meaning. These words are closer to Su Shi. But what best reflects Lu You's life experience and personality characteristics is his poems, which are impassioned and full of patriotic feelings, such as [Han Gongchun]: "Carve a bow with an arrow, remember the ancient base of an eagle, and kill a tiger. "Blowing dusk to the wild tent, the snow presses the green felt. Dripping drunk ink, watching dragons and snakes fly down looks good-if you make a mistake, your poem will be slight and your talent will be detached for a while. "Another example is [Xie Chichun]:" I joined the army at the age of 20, and I used to swallow the remnants. Clouds are high and light, and wolves fly at night. Zhu Yan's temple is green, and he is guarded by Ge Xi. "Laughing at the crown of Confucianism has made many mistakes." Others, such as complaining about love, are looking for someone who is waiting in Taoyuan to remember an old friend, and in the Central Plains, the Sanchuan earthquake12 is similar to Xin Qiji. No wonder predecessors once called Lu You's ci "delicate as Huaihai, heroic as Dong Bo" (Yang Shen's Ci Pin); Some people say that "super cool place is more like Jiaxuan" (Jin Mao's Sixty Poems of Song Dynasty Postscript), and this comment is reasonable. He and Xin Qiji did sweep away the beauty of the ci style at that time, although they were slightly inferior to the achievements of Xin Ci on the whole.
Du Fu's poems fully expressed his deep sympathy for the people and exposed the sharp opposition between the exploiters and the exploited in feudal society: "The drunken road in Zhumen froze to death!" This immortal poem has been remembered by the people of China for generations. "Dare to love death when saving, and be afraid when you are lonely!" This is the full expression of Du Fu's incomparable love for the motherland, and it is also the reason why his poems are so popular. Du Fu's patriotic hot pillow is also very rich in his masterpieces such as Spring Hope and Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River. In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", he praised the patriotic spirit of the broad masses of people who endured all kinds of pains, and even showed readers his childlike innocence of patriotism and love for the people. Out of love for the motherland and the people, it is bound to have a strong hatred for the extravagant and dissolute face of the ruling class and the crimes that bring disaster to the country and the people. This point has been vividly demonstrated in the immortal masterpieces "Car Shop" and "Two Ways". A great patriot's concern for the country and the people is bound to be expressed in other ways. Some of Du Fu's poems about things and scenery, even those about couples, brothers and friends, are permeated with deep feelings for the motherland and the people. In a word, Du Fu's poems are an artistic record of the decline of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu bravely, faithfully and profoundly reflected the extremely extensive social reality with the positive spirit of joining the WTO. No matter what kind of sinister situation, he didn't lose heart. In the long history of China literature, the cognitive function, reference function, educational function and aesthetic function of Du Fu's poems are unattainable.
The greatest artistic feature of Du Fu's poems is that poets often hide their subjective feelings in objective descriptions and let things impress readers themselves. For example, in Two Ways, the poet did not directly reprimand Yang's brother and sister for their debauchery, but the author's love-hate attitude has been fully revealed from their specific descriptions of clothes and diet.
Du Fu's poems are simple, popular and realistic, but they are very skillful. He also often uses monologues and proverbs to highlight the characters' personalities.
Du Fu's poems are especially good at describing details when depicting characters, such as a passage describing his wife and children in the Northern Expedition.
Du Fu's poetic style is changeable, but on the whole it can be summarized as depression and frustration. The cadence here refers to the deep meaning of the article, while the cadence refers to the ups and downs of feelings, tone and syllables.
All these have established Du Fu's supreme position as a "poet saint" in China's literary history of more than 3,000 years.