A Brief Introduction to the Ancient Poet Meng Jiao.
Meng Jiao made two attempts to become a scholar. He was a scholar at the age of forty-six, and once served as a county commandant in Liyang. Unable to realize his ambition, he wandered among fairies and wrote poems. Even the official business was wasted, and the county magistrate changed a fake one. Later, due to the recommendation of Henan Yin Zheng Qing Yu, he worked in Henan (now Luoyang, Henan) and spent most of his later years in Luoyang. In the ninth year of Xian Zongyuan, Zheng Yuqing once again recruited him to join the army in Xingyuan House, but took his wife to Kanxiang County (now Lingbao, Henan Province), died of sudden illness and was buried in Luoyang East. Zhang Ji called himself "Mr. Yao Zhen" in private. Meng Jiao's official history is simple, and his life is cold. He is stubborn in Geng Jie. After his death, Zheng Yuqing bought a coffin for burial. So poetry also writes about the indifference of the world and the suffering of the people. There are more than 574 existing poems in Meng Jiao, among which the most are short five-character poems, and the masterpiece is Ode to a Wanderer. Today's biography of Meng Dongye's poems is 10. Known as the "poet's prison", it is also as famous as Jia Dao, and is called "Jiao Han Dao Bo".
The Poetic Thought of Meng Jiao, an Ancient Poet
Meng Jiao and Meng Jiao took over the banner of retro in the hands of Yuanjie School, and continued to promote their retro thoughts in social and political thoughts. He preached benevolence and morality, praised Yao and Shun's ancient style, criticized the understatement and rebellion against the prevailing wind, and showed a heroic attitude everywhere, taking an uncooperative attitude towards the prevailing wind: "I am ashamed to learn, and I am willing to unite with the ancient peasants." Most of the bureaucrats and friends he made, such as Zheng Yuqing, were morally conservative. He flaunts that "being a gentleman's talent is always a gentleman's knowledge", and its main connotation lies in his unwillingness to associate with the times and customs, but only seeking a friend who is retro and keeps the Tao. His thoughts and actions of defending Tao and doing good deeds are similar to those advocated by Han Yu, and his life principle is the practice of Han Yu's Tao in social life. Meng Jiao not only cherishes the ancient road in his life, but also aims to carry forward this "Tao" in his creation. His creative purposes of "reinforcing the morals" and "proving the rise and fall" are in line with Chen's principle of "ruling chaos and regulating the stream of irony for the ancients" and Bai Juyi's principle of "all articles are empty and every sentence must be regulated" ... The creative theory of "only singing about people's livelihood and looking forward to Tianzi Anemarrhena" is consistent with "writing articles in time and writing poems for things". Therefore, although Meng Jiao didn't directly participate in Han Yu's ancient prose movement, and didn't pre-empt politics with outspoken and satirical poems under the distinct literary principles like Bai Juyi, he went along the road of restoring ancient ways, rectifying the rules of dynasties, and revitalizing the poetry world from beginning to end, and restoring ancient ways was his spiritual weapon to fight for Guizhou on this road. He is an outstanding representative of retro trend of thought. Therefore, in the middle Tang Dynasty, when the retro style was very strong, he got praise that could not be obtained later.
The poetic features of Meng Jiao, an ancient poet.
First, be simple and dignified, and avoid familiarity and customs. Meng Jiao's poetry is different from the prevailing superficial style at that time. It has the characteristics of simplicity and solemnity, and creates fresh artistic effects in the simple nature. Meng Jiao once drew the line "Night at Wangluo Bridge", "When the ice falls in Tianjin Bridge, a stranger in Luoyang will go. It has always been known for its concise brushwork. " Tour Nanshan ""Nanshan fills the heavens and the earth, and the sun and the moon are born on stones. The sun stays in the peak night, and the deep valley is not clear in the day. In the sentence structure, Meng Jiao avoids being gentle and elegant, breaks away from convention, and strives to be vigorous and vigorous in Gu Zhuo, taking ancient Chinese syntax as his poem. Different from the habit of five-character poems, Meng's poems have four sentences, such as "hiding a thousand words to find water, producing eighteen monks" (the first of two hermits in Huainan Yue) and "grinding a stone to embed a book, making the book shine forever" (the fourth of ten poems about hanging Lu), which changes the traditional expression of poetry and gives people a fresh artistic feeling. [ 1]
Second, it is dangerous and difficult. Think hard and sing hard. Meng Jiao's poems are tough in wording, and he is used to using harsh words such as death, cutting, burning, bone, recording, folding, breaking and saving to create a peculiar artistic feeling. This aspect is related to his depression and depression. In Interpretation of Night Feeling, he said that he "reads at night and talks about ghosts and gods. How not to be idle, the heart is the enemy. " To write poetry hard, we must deliberately seek new words and expressions, and use strange words and cold images that are rare in past poems; The psychological oppression and injustice make the new language expressions he pursues mostly have cold, lonely and withered colors and meanings, so as to portray his inner sadness as deeply as possible and shock people's hearts. In these poems, he carefully chose penetrating verbs such as "cut", "comb", "seal" and "brush".
Third, the family is deep and magnificent. Meng Jiao is not a lifelong poet, and his poems are not all hard words. Han Yu saw his "soft and redundant" side and loved his "vulgar and quite modern" poems. Many of Meng Jiao's poems are quaint, and they express deep feelings in plain poetic language, making them fresh and elegant. He not only has poems with distant feelings, but also works with the spirit of "bravely crossing the sea".
Meng Jiao's pathos poems have received different praises, while his quaint poems have received more consistent praise. Xu believes that "it is really thankless to look at the complete works in the suburbs;" However, although the language of the readers is cut and the body is very simple, so the upper one can't copy its words and the lower one can't add its sentences. This biography says that his poems are reasonable and trustworthy. " Affirm the unique charm of "Dongye has the old saying five, which can be used both ways and euphemistically". Many of Meng Jiao's poems are written with shallow feelings. Ode to a Wanderer has aroused readers' strong sense of * * * with plain language, and Ode to the Letter will be given to Wan Li. Books reach the soul, but they are empty. "It touches people's hearts with psychological details. Lienvcao, Unfortunate Concubine, Downward Pond and Qu Fu Pian are full of fables. ..... The fundus in this public chest is so great that Wu has to praise its hunger and cold. "
Corresponding to deep affection, Meng's poems also have the characteristics of imposing manner. He used hard words such as "swing", "vibration" and "lock" to embody the broad atmosphere of mountains and buildings, and wrote the buildings and mountains high into the sky, spanning between heaven and earth. "The ridge is a cliff, and it is unexpected." The buildings in Root Carving are full of clouds, and the wings of the temple are flying dangerously ("Climbing the Huayan Temple Building and Looking at the Zhongnan Mountain as a Gift to the Lin School Book Brothers") and "Nanshan fills the heavens and the earth, and the sun and the moon are born on the stone" ("Traveling to the Zhongnan Mountain") depict the majestic momentum and reflect our own smallness. When Meng Jiao expresses the artistic conception of wind blowing and water whistling, he often uses "vibrating empty mountains" and "swinging heaven and earth" to describe the scope and depth.
Historical Evaluation of Ancient Poet Meng Jiao
Li Ao, a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty (Xuzhou shoots Zhang Fu's letter): Suburb is a five-character poem written by Li (Ling), Su Shuguo (Wu), Jian 'an philosophers and Xie in the Southern Dynasties.
Modern poet Wen Yiduo: Judging from the overall development of China's poetry, he thinks that "Meng Dongye, who can best inherit and carry forward Du Fu's realistic spirit in combination with his own life practice, seems to be the person who can best continue to develop realistic poetry."
Li Guan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: Meng Ke's poems are unique in ancient times. It has its own place, and it looks down gratefully.
Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a thin suburban island.
Li Zhao, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Shi Addendum: Learning in Meng Jiao.
Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, said that there was a world in the Tang Dynasty. Chen Ziang, Su Yuanming, Yuan Jie, Li Bai, Du Fu and Li Guan all sang with their own abilities. Meng Jiao Dongye began to sing with his poems; Higher than Wei and Jin dynasties, unremitting ancient. Everyone else is immersed in the Han family.
Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, bowed his head and worshipped Dongye. May he drive away the stinger forever. Dongye doesn't look back, just like an inch into the adjacent clock. I would like to be a cloud and Dongye a dragon. The quartet chased Dongye up and down, although there was no reason to leave.
Zhang Wei, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, wrote a picture of the poet's subject and object: simple and strange, lonely and bitter.
Hu Zhenheng, a writer in Ming Dynasty, began to write poems on current events in Du Shaoling. Entering poetry with famous things began in Meng Dongye.
Ouyang Xiu, a Song litterateur: Han and Meng wrote heroic ci.
Yuan Haowen, a historian of Jin Dynasty: Poet Prisoner.
Xu Yi, a litterateur of Song Dynasty, wrote Poems on zhouyan: It is the most difficult thing to obliterate the facts and agree with the meaning.
Qian Zhongshu, a researcher of modern literature: Shaoling, Changli, Xiangshan and Dongye in the Tang Dynasty were pioneers in the Song Dynasty.
Li Ao, a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty (Xuzhou shoots Zhang Fu's letter): Suburb is a five-character poem written by Li (Ling), Su Shuguo (Wu), Jian 'an philosophers and Xie in the Southern Dynasties. Modern poet Wen Yiduo: Judging from the overall development of China's poetry, he thinks that "Meng Dongye, who can best inherit and carry forward Du Fu's realistic spirit in combination with his own life practice, seems to be the person who can best continue to develop realistic poetry." Li Guan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: Meng Ke's poems are unique in ancient times. It has its own place, and it looks down gratefully. Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a thin suburban island. Li Zhao, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Shi Addendum: Learning in Meng Jiao. Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, said that there was a world in the Tang Dynasty. Chen Ziang, Su Yuanming, Yuan Jie, Li Bai, Du Fu and Li Guan all sang with their own abilities. Meng Jiao Dongye began to sing with his poems; Higher than Wei and Jin dynasties, unremitting ancient. Everyone else is immersed in the Han family. Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, bowed his head and worshipped Dongye. May he drive away the stinger forever. Dongye doesn't look back, just like an inch into the adjacent clock. I would like to be a cloud and Dongye a dragon. The quartet chased Dongye up and down, although there was no reason to leave. Zhang Wei, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, wrote a picture of the poet's subject and object: simple and strange, lonely and bitter. Hu Zhenheng, a writer in Ming Dynasty, began to write poems on current events in Du Shaoling. Entering poetry with famous things began in Meng Dongye. Ouyang Xiu, a Song litterateur: Han and Meng wrote heroic ci. Yuan Haowen, a historian of Jin Dynasty: Poet Prisoner. Xu Yi, a litterateur of Song Dynasty, wrote Poems on zhouyan: It is the most difficult thing to obliterate the facts and agree with the meaning. Qian Zhongshu, a researcher of modern literature: Shaoling, Changli, Xiangshan and Dongye in the Tang Dynasty were pioneers in the Song Dynasty.
The representative work of ancient poet Meng Jiao.
The mother used the needle and thread in her hand to make clothes for her long-distance son. -"Wandering Son"
The previous filth was not enough to brag, but now there is no end to debauchery. -"After graduation"
If you hit a stone, there will be fire, but if you don't hit Yuan, there will be no smoke. -"Encourage learning"
In the bleak autumn wind and eyeful season, a couple forced by life can't go to never say goodbye. -"Old Complaints"
When Tianjin Bridge was frozen, Luoyang became a stranger. -"Looking at the Night at Luoqiao"
All the spring is frozen and swallowed up, and I sing colder. -"bitter cold"
Near parting, my husband asked, "Where are you going this time?" ? I won't blame you for coming back late. You can't go to Lin Qiong. -"Ancient Separation"
The branches and leaves of the male martial arts spread for the rest of my life, and two pairs of mandarin ducks and waterfowl died together. -"Lienvcao/Lienvcao "