Mainly look at the explanation of the interrogative pronoun "he", as long as it is interpreted as: what; Why; What kind, how; Make a rhetorical question.
explain
1, "Historical Records of the Golden Family": "Chu was furious and repelled the Jin family of the army, saying,' Why?' "
The minister of Chu was very angry and attacked the Jin army. When the Jin army retreated, the officer asked, "Why did you retreat?"
2. Dong Jieyuan's "The West Chamber" Volume III: "Why is my enemy mentally exhausted recently?"
The enemy asked why he was so tired recently.
3. In Qing Dynasty, Li Yu's "Nai Hetian Helps the Border": "Why do you regard the imperial military order as embarrassing?"
Why do you treat imperial orders as useless things?
Extended data
First, the interpretation of words.
Classical Chinese version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: He,. From people, it can sound.
Vernacular version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: He, Shou Dan. The glyph takes "person" as the edge and "energy" as the edge.
Second, the relevant vocabulary explanation
1, why [hé gé]
Why; Why? Why hasn't he arrived yet?
2. Not just
Use rhetorical questions to exceed a certain number or range: The scenic spot of Fiona Fang is more than ten miles.
3. Why not
To express should or can in a rhetorical tone means the same as "why not": since something happened, why didn't you say it earlier?
4. How about [Hé rú]
Interrogative pronouns. How about you try it first?
5. Why [Herbie]
Adverbs. It means that the speaker thinks something is unnecessary or unnecessary. Often used in rhetorical questions: Why are you busy alone?
2. Classical Chinese translation These two sentences are both from Fan Shengchuan (Thirty-six volumes of Zheng and Jia Chuan in the Later Han Dynasty). The first sentence in the question has been deleted, and the deleted translation and the whole sentence translation are put here.
One sentence in the question (abridged): It was not the people of the country who got officials and people into the mire (they are not like the people protected by this country). In this way, the bandits in Qingzhou and Xuzhou are like being in a tent.
In fact, this sentence in the question is incomplete. For the convenience of understanding, the following excerpt is attached to the paragraph where this sentence is located: Fang Chun moved far away at the beginning of the year, quinoa was not profitable, the land was not cultivated, and food prices soared to thousands. Officials are caught in soup and fire, and non-state people are also involved. In this way, Hu, Zhen Shouguan, Qing and Xu confronted each other.
This is the first year of the year, and the people's expedition has begun. As a result, weeds can't satisfy hunger, the fields are barren and can't be cultivated, and the stock price has soared to several thousand dollars. In this way, officials and people are trapped in the quagmire, unlike the people protected by this country. If this goes on, it will be like letting Hu and Qian (both ethnic minorities) in the north keep the customs, and the bandits in Qingzhou and Xuzhou will be like tents.
Zuo's family didn't regard Confucius as a teacher, but (this book) was written by Zuo Qiuming. It was handed down from master to apprentice, and no one else handed it down. It was not the ancient emperor Wang Zhidao (not the truth advocated by ancient emperors), so there was no reason to be a doctor.
3. The more classical Chinese explanations (write whatever you can), the better. Write classical Chinese before translating/Key words/A basic method: literal translation and free translation. There are two basic methods to translate classical Chinese. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as relative as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of each word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the meaning of the translated sentence is difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the meaning is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages. It is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word for word. These two translation methods should be literal translation, supplemented by free translation. The specific methods are: leave, delete, supplement, modify, adjust and modify. "Stay" means stay. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials, countries and years. That is, delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Fan Kuai, Pei Gong's bodyguard. "Zheye" is an ending auxiliary word, and "complement" is addition. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Make up the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets. "Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I" with "I" and "er, such as" with "you". "Adjustment" means adjustment. Invert ancient Chinese. In order to conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese, "change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, related words can be vivid, such as "no smoke without waves" and "lake calm". Understand the theme first, collect information, understand all paragraphs to sentences, clauses to words, and deal with difficult sentences coherently, so you need to be careful, take care of the previous paragraphs, connect with the following sentences, carefully consider the tone, be as reasonable as possible, and have close ties between words. If there are omissions, brackets indicate the gain. Names and place names don't need to be translated, just personal titles. There are rules. Content words and function words are explained together with the text, which makes the sense of language sensitive and varies from sentence to sentence. After the translation, be sure to compare carefully sentence by sentence, understand the tone and fluency of the sentence, and then stop writing. You should also thoroughly understand the explanation of each function word, which is basic, just like reading an article. If there are many words you don't know in this article, then you must have a little knowledge or don't understand. I think our classmates are now. Take a look at the rest of the time, mark the real function words that can't be used with a pen and recite them. Next, I will explain the reading methods and problem-solving skills of classical Chinese. First, we should master the correct reading method of classical Chinese. As we all know, due to the limitation of time and space, the exam has the particularity of solving problems independently without any reference books, so many students are nervous and get classical Chinese materials. I often read it once and choose the answer. In fact, this practice is very incorrect. As an exam-oriented reading of classical Chinese, it should be carried out in three steps: the first step: reading the full text first means concentrating on calming down, browsing or skipping. In recent years, biographies of college entrance examinations have appeared. Read this article, you should know that there are several people, some people have simple relationships, and some people have complex relationships. Generally, there is a protagonist, and the protagonist has positive and negative points. Show a special character and character. This requires candidates to interpret the relationship between characters and appreciate their unique personality and character. The author writes a biography, either for some political needs or for personal purposes, to show the author's views and attitudes, and to ask candidates to analyze the basic contents of the biography and summarize the author's views and attitudes. Content: the materials involved are people and things, caring for each other and educating their children, and promoting national traditional virtues; Or ancient sages, diligent, honest, law enforcement, etc. It not only conforms to the traditional moral norms, but also has practical educational significance. You can understand 60% to 70% the first time. In the past, some candidates were too demanding of themselves when watching jokes. They are anxious when they don't understand the first time, and they are entangled in individual sentences. Every word has to get to the bottom of it, but it is difficult to understand its meaning. This situation is still very common among students. In fact, you should understand that the college entrance examination, as a selective examination, is not easy to understand at first glance. It is normal for you not to understand it the first time, so there is no need to be nervous about it. Step 2: Read the questions carefully. In this step, you must implement the corresponding positions of words, words, sentences and paragraphs in the material one by one. Generally speaking, apply what you have learned. Simple questions can basically be completed in this step. (Make full use of the given options, and choose the correct item by comparison and exclusion. At the same time, in this step, it is particularly important to use several questions to explain truthfully, translate sentences, analyze and summarize problems, etc. Because in them, you can get a lot of information about paragraph comprehension, especially multiple-choice questions (the following sentence is in line with the meaning or the following sentence is not in line with the meaning). This question contains a lot of information. Although there must be one or several items that don't meet the meaning of the question, the mistakes are often just minor problems. Therefore, after reading the last question, your grasp of the meaning of the text will be greatly improved on the basis of the first step. The third step: rereading the full text is to recognize the full text from a higher level, which is roughly equivalent to the level of intensive reading. It not only deepens the understanding of the meaning of the text, but also corrects the mistakes in the first two steps, so it is a process of in-depth review. After reading this step, it is easy to answer some comprehensive questions. It should be said that the three-step reading method of classical Chinese examination is a scientific and effective method summarized by many students in the college entrance examination, and students should master and use it in review. This can save a lot of detours.
4. Classical Chinese translation:
Confucius said: After my death, Xia Zi will be better than before, and Zigong will be worse than before. "Ceng Zi asked: Why?" Confucius said: Xia Zi likes to be with people smarter than himself (so his moral cultivation will improve day by day); Zi Gong likes to get along with people whose talents and qualities are not as good as his own (so moral cultivation will be lost day by day). I don't know how the child is, just look at the father. If you don't know yourself, just look at his friends. If you don't know the master, just look at the messenger he sent. If you don't know the local situation, look at the local vegetation. Therefore, being with virtuous people is like being bathed in a room full of fragrance when planting Lan Zhi. After a long time, I can't smell the fragrance, but it is already full of fragrance. Being with people with bad conduct is like going to a place selling abalone. After a long time, it will not stink, and it will also blend into the environment; The place where Dan was hidden turned red after a long time, and the place where pigment was hidden turned black after a long time, which was also caused by environmental impact! Therefore, a real gentleman must carefully choose his own environment.
If you don't know your son, look at his father; If you don't know yourself, just look at his friends. If you don't know your master, just look at the messenger he sent. If you don't know the local situation, look at the local vegetation. )
Living with bad people is like (like going to a place selling abalone, it won't stink for a long time), and it is also integrated with them.
5. Summary of translation methods of classical Chinese 1. Basic methods: literal translation and free translation.
There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible.
The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible.
Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand.
Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation.
Second, specific methods: leave, delete, supplement, change, adjust and change. "Stay" means to keep.
All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials, countries, years and units of measurement. , can remain unchanged when translating. "Delete" means delete.
Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Fan Kuai, Pei Gong's bodyguard.
"This is also" is an ending auxiliary word, which is not translated. "Supplement" means supplement.
(1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.
"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words.
For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You". "Adjustment" means adjustment.
Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.
"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid.
If the waves are calm, you can make the lake calm. Ancient Chinese translation formula ancient Chinese translation has its own order, first browse the whole article and grasp the main idea; Understand the theme first, collect information, understand all paragraphs to sentences, clauses to words, and deal with difficult sentences coherently, so you need to be careful, take care of the previous paragraphs, contact the following sentences, think carefully, try to figure out the tone, and strive to be reasonably close between words.
If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain. Names and place names need not be translated. Names, according to the convention, are mine, and Er and Ru are yours.
Omitting inversion is regular. Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.
After the translation, you must carefully compare the sentences, understand the tone, make the sentences fluent, and then stop writing.
6. Classical Chinese translation: Zheng people who have shoes together should measure their feet first and sit in sets. When they arrived in the city, they forgot to exercise. When they get the shoes, they will say, "I forgot to take them." Instead, they came back to take them. When the market hits, they can't take it away. People say, "Why not try to be satisfied?" There is a Zheng who wants to buy shoes. He measured his feet first, and then put them on the seat. When he was going to the market, he forgot to take the measurements. When he got the shoes, he said, "I forgot to measure them." So he went back to get the size of his foot. When he came back, the market was closed. (He) said, "I would rather trust the measured size than my own feet.
7. Translation of Classical Chinese in Junior High School. 1. Tong Qu (Shen Fu) Yu recalled that when he was a child, he could stare at the sun and observe the details of autumn. When he sees something unimportant, he must carefully check its texture, so he sometimes looks for fun outside things.
In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air. If you want it, you will have a thousand, and if you want it, you will have a crane. Look up, Xiang Qiang. Mosquitoes stay in the tent and smoke, making them fly towards the smoke, making them look like white cranes in Qingyun, like cranes in the clouds, and happy.
I often crouch in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall, in the grass on the flower platform, so that it is flush with the platform; Look carefully, take shrubs as forests, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, convex ones as hills, concave ones as valleys, and enjoy yourself wandering among them. One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. When I watched it, it was in full swing. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree, covering a frog. My tongue spit out and both worms swallowed it.
I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised. God decided to catch frogs, whip dozens and drive them out of the hospital.
I recall that when I was young, I could look straight at the sun with my eyes wide open and my eyesight was excellent. Every time I meet something small, I have to observe its texture carefully, so I can often feel the happiness beyond the thing itself. On summer nights, mosquitoes make thunderous calls. I compare them to cranes flying in the air. When I think about it, there are really hundreds of white cranes ahead. Looking up at them, even the neck became stiff.
I left a few mosquitoes in the white curtain, slowly spraying smoke, making them fly and screaming at the smoke, forming a picture of a white crane in Qingyun, which really made me feel very happy. I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven and where there are flowers and plants, so that my body is as high as the table. I regard bushes as trees, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, the protruding parts of clods as hills, and the sunken parts as gullies. I am happy and satisfied with my imaginary journey in this realm.
One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass. I squatted down to observe. I am very interested. Suddenly, a huge beast came from the mountain and fell from the tree. It turned out to be a frog. When its tongue spit out, it ate both bugs. At that time, I was still very young, so fascinated that I couldn't help but exclaim.
When he came to his senses, he caught the frog, whipped it dozens of times and drove it to other yards. 2. The Analects of Confucius X 1. Confucius said, "What's more, learn from time to time? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't it a gentleman to be unhappy and not know it? " 2. Zeng Zi said: "I am in three provinces (xǐng): I am unfaithful to others, but I don't believe in making friends, and I don't learn to make friends." 3. Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." 4. Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." 5. Confucius said, "Because, goddaughter." Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also. "6. Confucius said:" See the sage Si Qi Yan, but if you don't see the sage, you will introspect. "7. Confucius said:" In a threesome, there must be my teacher; Choose the good to follow and change the bad. "8. Zeng Zi said," A scholar must be unfaithful and has a long way to go. Benevolence is not only more important than death, but also far from it. "9. Confucius said:" Cold tells the pine and cypress withered. 10. Zi Gong asked, "You can live your life in one sentence. "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you." Confucius said: "isn't it fun to learn (knowledge) and then practice (review) at a certain time?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Others don't know me, but I don't dislike it. Isn't it also a gentleman? " 2. Ceng Zi said: "I will reflect on myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to work for others? Is it honest to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? " 3. Confucius said: "Only by reviewing old knowledge can we have new experiences and discoveries, so we can be teachers."
4. Confucius said: "If you only read and don't think, you will be confused and get nothing; It is dangerous to dream without reading. " Confucius said, "I will teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing-this is wisdom."
6. Confucius said: "When you see a wise man, you should look up to it. When you see an immoral person, you should reflect on whether you have similar problems with him. " 7. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, there must be a teacher. I will choose 7A68696416FE58685E5AEB93133330336430 to learn their advantages and I will correct their shortcomings (when I see myself). "
8. Ceng Zi said: "A scholar must be broad-minded and determined, because he has a great mission and a long way to go. Isn't it important to realize the ideal of' benevolence' as your mission? Until death, isn't it far? " 9. Confucius said, "Only in the cold winter do we know that pine trees and cypresses are the last to shed leaves."
10. Zi Gong asked: "Is there a sentence that can be pursued for a lifetime?" Confucius said: "That is probably forgiveness (Tao)!" ! Don't impose what you hate on others. "3. Five ancient poems 1. Look at the sea (Jieshi is in the East) Author: Cao Cao looks at the sea facing Jieshi in the East.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean. A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire. Agree with 0| comment.