Straightness of the tree: ups and downs of career and life.
Yellow leaves: the metabolism of dying mature beauty
Green leaves: vitality, hope, vitality, bamboo: positive and upright.
Willows: Farewell to the beautiful willows that miss sadness in spring: it is the custom of farewell in Han Dynasty. After the implication, there is a meaning of farewell and nostalgia. Willow: Sad Feelings
Willows pile up smoke: it can trigger the past, and is often used to express the feeling of ups and downs.
Red leaves: it is called the thing that conveys feelings, and later refers to poetry to convey feelings.
Pine and cypress: Strong and proud, with strong vitality.
Pine tree: Pine tree is a model of fighting frost and snow, and it is naturally the object of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. During the Three Kingdoms period, Serina Liu gave it to my brother: "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.
Indus River: The Indus River is a symbol of desolation, bitterness and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn says, "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow with autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lay alone, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere. Xu Zaisi, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote Double Narcissus. Rain at Night: "A sound of Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, the third night after the dream." Use buttonwood leaves to fall, rain to hit banana, and write down all your worries. Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.
2, flowers: flowers: I hope that the youth life is brilliant.
Flowers fall: frustration in life and career, nostalgia and nostalgia for beautiful things in spring. Peach Blossom: Like Lou Shulang?
Lan: noble peony: rich and beautiful
Grass: exuberant vitality, endless hope, desolation and remoteness, and hatred of humble status and status.
Xiaomi: The sadness of Xiaomi's separation (the prosperity of today's country and the decline of the past), the three friends (pine, bamboo and plum) and chrysanthemum symbolize people's noble character.
Red bean: acacia bean refers to the token of love between men and women, which is a metaphor for love or friendship between men and women. From Wang Wei's poem "Acacia": "When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches, and I advise you to collect more as a symbol of our love." The poet expressed his affection for his friends through red beans born in the south.
Chrysanthemum: quiet, noble and exquisite.
Chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum can't be compared with peony or orchid, as the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuanzhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. Other poems, such as "I'd rather hold incense in the branches and die than blow it in the flowers" (Cold Chrysanthemum by Zheng Songxiaosi), "Dew in the Lonely East, Sand shines before the gold" (Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang by Song Fan Chengda), all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
May: Aoxue is strong and unyielding in adversity.
Plum Blossom: Plum Blossom blooms first, and then blooms. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are admired and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow when you know it from afar, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also the plum blossom that shows that it is unwilling to go with the flow, shallow and profound.
Lotus: Because "lotus" and "cherish" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. Thirty-five songs in Jin's "Forty-two Midnight Songs": "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is unclear." The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, but the lotus leaf is not very clear. This is also a way of homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her.
Compare the maturity of plum to a girl's desire for love, such as "looking back by the door, but smelling plum fragrance" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip").
Lilac refers to sadness or complexity, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Tang Niuqiao's Gratitude)
3. Animals
Ape: Sad and mournful Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain" and "Ape Sobs in the Wide Sky and High Wind" red songs:: Pursuing the ideal.
Fish: Free Eagle: Success in Hard and Free Life.
Dog and chicken: the breath of life, rural life (thin) horse: Pentium pursues drifting
Crow: a villain, an ordinary man and a sad husband. A wandering and sad bird: a symbol of freedom [spring]. Soup bass: a reference to hometown flavor. Later, literati used "blowing" and "blowing thinking" to describe homesickness.
Double carp: refers to letters. Han Yuefu's poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" said: "Guests come from afar and leave me a pair of carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. " Later, I wrote a distant letter with double carp.
Zhuang Zhou Mengdie: The language comes from Zhuangzi's "On Everything": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou Mengdie was a butterfly, lifelike. I don't know what day it is. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly? What is Hu's dream for Zhou He? There must be a difference between Zhou and Hu (butterfly). This is called materialization. " Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that all things are one and all things are equal. Later, scholars used it to instruct people's confused dreams and fickle things. For example, Lu You's poem "Winter Night" says: A cup of poppy is a slave, and butterflies in Zhuang Zhou are both empty. "
(Lonely) Goose: Lonely, homesick, homesick, news, Hongyan: letters-thoughts of relatives.
Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south, which often leads to homesickness and sadness for wanderers when traveling. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of the Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People return to yan zhen and think before spending." I had the idea of going home long before the flowers bloomed. But when the geese returned to the north, people had not returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasties, he sent envoys to the Southern Dynasties and wrote this homesick poem, which was subtle and tactful. There are also thoughts written by geese, such as "I hear that geese are homesick at night and sick in the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu's play answers Yuan Zhen), "When the stars cross the building and the flute leans against the building" (Zhao Wei's "Looking at the Autumn in Chang 'an" in the Tang Dynasty), "The stars are cold and blue, and the geese are sad and red" (. There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. Everyone is familiar with the allusions of Hongyan biography, and the application of Hongyan as a messenger in poetry is also very common. For example, "The geese don't answer me when crossing the river, and the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Sky"), "Shuo Yan handed out a book and Xiang Yan dyed more tears" (Li Shangyin's "Lisi").
Partridge bird: the image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting. For example, "Autumn dusk is full of grass, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Smelling partridges on Jiuzipo" in Tang Dynasty), "In the middle of the river, I am worried at dusk, and I smell partridges in the depths of the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man"). Book Jiangxi mouth wall ").
Cicada: Cicada will not live long after autumn. After some autumn rains, cicadas will make a few intermittent moans, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness. For example, Dondero's "Chanting Cicada" begins with two sentences: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply." [Journey to the West: Autumn] Singing in a chilling voice exaggerates his deep homesickness in prison. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, began: "Cold cicadas are sad, the pavilion is late, and the shower is early." Before the direct description of parting, the feeling of "sadness" has filled the reader's heart, brewing an atmosphere that can touch parting. Poems such as "Crying on My Side" (Three Kingdoms Cao Zhi's "Wang Biao as a White Horse") also express this feeling.
Yuanyang refers to a loving couple, such as "why did I quit my job after I succeeded?" It is better to be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's Ancient Meaning of Chang 'an).
The "Swallow" Image in Ancient Poetry
Yan is a migratory bird, which migrates with the change of seasons and likes to enter and leave people's houses or eaves in pairs. Therefore, it is favored by the ancients and often appears in ancient poetry, or cherishes spring and hurts autumn, or exaggerates sadness, or reposes lovesickness, or is sentimental about current events, with rich images and expressive expressions, which are far behind other things.
(1) shows the beauty of spring and conveys the feeling of cherishing spring. According to legend, swallows come to the north in spring and return to the south in autumn, so many poets beautify and praise it as a symbol of spring. For example, "Deep in the haze of flowers, make a fresh breast" (Wei's On Meeting an Old Friend), "Swallows come, the news office, pear flower falls is behind" (Yan Shu's Broken Fighter), "Yingying comes, the flowers are beautiful in Liu Zhen, and everything is beautiful" (George's "The sky is clear and the sand is a thing"). "Great research, shape and spirit likeness. The spring is bright, the swallows are petite and lovely, and the literati are affectionate. When spring passes, the poet will feel infinite sadness. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu has "a traveler, only feeling the spring is empty." "When the curtain is hung, the two swallows return in the drizzle (picking mulberry seeds), and Qiao Ji has" Who is the swallow hiding the spring title, Yinger is ashamed to find a companion, cold and lazy to report to the official (picking honey), and the crow is hungry "(Narcissus).
(2) show the beauty of love and convey the desire for a lover. Swallows are always hermaphroditic. They fly together, thus becoming a symbol of love. "Thinking is a pair of flying swallows, who come to your house with mud to build a nest", "Yaner is newly married, like brothers" (The Book of Songs). , "Swallows fly, miss feathers, and my son returns to the wild" (Book of Songs) only carries the loneliness of empty boudoir, "cobwebs hang in the dark, and empty beams fall in the mud" (Xue Daoheng's Salt Yesterday), "The fallen flowers are independent, and the swift flies in both directions" (Yan's Linjiang Xian), and "The curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly in both directions" (. All these, to name a few.
(3) Express the changes of current events, and express the feelings and indignation over the ups and downs of the past, the metabolism of personnel, the extinction of the country and the destruction of the family. Swallows leave in autumn and come in spring, never forgetting their old nests. The poet seized this feature and gave vent to his indignation. The most famous is Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Xiang": "The Suzaku Bridge is overgrown with weeds, and the sun sets in Wuyi Xiangkou. In the old society, Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people. " In addition, there are some special banquets, such as "Flowers fall and nothing happens, deja vu, swallows return, and the small garden wanders alone" (Huanxisha), "Swallows return to embroider curtains, and their nests are nowhere to be found" (Visiting the Former Residence of Jinmenhuai), and "Swallows go to the west bank of Taihu Lake unintentionally" by Jiang Kui. Several peaks are bitter, and the rain in Shang Lue is hazy "(Dianjiang Lip), Zhang Yan's" Swallows know where in those days, the moss is deep and the grass is dark "(high balcony), and Wen Tianxiang's" The scenery of mountains and rivers is the same, and the people in the city go to half. Reed flowers everywhere accompany me to grow old. Who will fly next to the old swallow? " (Jinling post) Swallow inadvertently witnessed the changes of current events, endured the pain of national destruction and death, and showed the sadness of the poet's "separation". The load can be described as heavy.
(4) Pass the book on behalf of others, and lightly complain about the pain of leaving love. In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Shaolan's Yanzu poems spread to her husband Renzong. Injong left home for Jiahu and never returned for several years. Shao Lan's poems were written by Yan Zu. Living in Jingzhou at that time, Yan suddenly leaned on his shoulder and saw a book tied to his foot, which explained that it was sent by his wife and returned with tears. His poem "seeing my husband off" said: "My husband went to the heavy lake, and I cried at the window. I am diligent and given to my thin lover by Yan Yi. " Who said that "Yan Ziliang is too heartless" (Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions), it is precisely because Yan Zi has feelings that her husband changed his mind and the husband and wife met. Guo Shaolan is lucky. Some unfortunate women borrowed Yan to pass on books, but there was no news. For example, "A sad swallow leaves a red line, which annoys the lonely shadow" (Qiu Hongchun's love in Zhang Kejiu), "A tearful eye leans against the building, and Shuang Yan meets each other when he comes" (Feng Yansi's recent love), which is full of bitterness.
(5) Express the feeling of wandering and describe the suffering of wandering. "Sacredness, intuition and analogy are the dominant thinking modes of the Han nationality" (Zhang Dainian's China Thinking Bias), flowers, birds, insects and fish are all written by literati, and birds and animals all show the poet's talent. Goose mourns autumn, ape sings, cicada sends high. The uncertainty of the swallow's habitat left the poet with rich imagination, or he wandered around, "like a new swallow every year, roaming the vast sea and sending rafters to repair" (Zhou Bangyan's Man Fang Ting); Or the ups and downs of life experience, "Looking at Chang 'an from a distance, the future is full of spots, and the journey is difficult" (Zhang Kejiu's "Palace Front"); Or leave each other when they meet, "like a social couple, they will send each other when they meet unsteadily" (Su Shi's "Send Chen Yu Tan Zhou"); Or from time to time, "magnets fly, mica comes to water, earth dragons bring rain, geese fly" (Liu An's Huai Nan Zi). Swallow is no longer just a swallow, it has become a symbol of China's traditional culture, and has been integrated into the blood of every Chinese descendant.
4. Wind, frost, rain, snow and water clouds:
Sea: vast strength, profound momentum, waves: ups and downs of life.
Turbulent waves: the danger of life and the treachery of rivers and lakes
River water: the passage of time, the short and long sadness of years. Historical development trend
Smoke: the hazy emotion, the dim future, the failure and disillusionment of the dim ideal.
Light rain: the hope of spring life is imperceptible.
Rainstorm: Cruel and enthusiastic political struggle swept away the power of evil forces and cleaned up the power of pollution.
Spring breeze: the east wind of broadmindedness, happiness and hope: beautiful spring.
West wind: loneliness, melancholy and decline. Wanderers miss the wind: the power of the uprising to destroy the old world
Frost: Life is easy to get old, the social environment is bad, evil forces are rampant, and the road of life is bumpy.
Snow: the evil of pure and beautiful environment and the rampant exposure of evil forces: life is short and perishable.
Cloud: Wandering wanderers use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I want to think of you in the floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off").
Cloudy day: depressed sadness and loneliness, sunny day: happy and bright, golden wind: autumn wind.
The image of "water"
(1) Because water is soft and cold, it is often compared to something that can be seen and touched but difficult to grasp, such as moonlight.
Such as: "The day is cool like water at night, sitting and watching the morning glory and Vega." It reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from the side.
(2) Because of the constant shearing and softness of water, water is often used as a metaphor for sadness.
For example, Li Bai's "But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine." It expresses the poet's anxiety and sadness, because he strongly feels the irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.
5. Objectives
Yu: revisit with dignity and exquisiteness.
Pearl: a beautiful and flawless tassel (crown): official position and fame: women miss their husbands.
West Building and Small Building: in my heart forever's Love; Silk and bamboo: music; History: history; Man: man; Woman: woman; Mulberry: hometown; Xuanyuan: the motherland; Three feet: law; Inch tube: pen; Jade bird: messenger
Ships: blue boat, sailing to Pakistan (often compared to a lonely boat), rolling (borrowing a big ship and fighting a ship).
Wu Gou: Nod and sword. For example, Xin Qiji's Hidden Dragon. Deng Jiankang's "Pleasant Pavilion": "The sunset is on the roof, and the sound is broken. You are wandering in the south of the Yangtze River. I met Wu Gou and photographed the railings, and no one would attend. " By watching Wu Gou and patting the railing, I expressed my frustration. I wanted to serve my country and make contributions, but no one understood.
Kunshan jade: a metaphor for outstanding talents. Li Si's Book of Persuasion and Pursuit said: "Today, Your Majesty has given Kunshan jade, including the treasure of He Shen (referring to the pearl of Hou and the jade of He), hanging the pearl of the bright moon, taking the sword of Tai 'a (the famous sword of Wu), riding a horse that leaves (the name of a good horse), building a flag of green wind, Chinese alligator slaughter and other animals. Later, people used "Kunshan Jade" as a metaphor for outstanding talents.
In China's classical poems, there are many images to express the feeling of wandering, such as duckweed, flying fleabane and lonely goose, and "boat" is one of the most common images to express this feeling. A boat with a leaf, the sky is vast, and it is getting smaller and smaller than people; People who see many foreign scenery during their journey are more likely to cause infinite thinking. The image of "ship" in Du Fu's poems appears frequently and has a strong sense of wandering;
The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast. The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river. I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! . Drifting is just a sandpiper in the vast world! .
I've been away for a night, and I've heard a lot about Dongting Lake, and now I'm on this tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
Du Fu experienced a great change from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he wandered in Sichuan and Hunan 1 1 year, and finally died on a boat from Tanzhou to Yuezhou. The boat was the most commonly used means of transportation in his later years, and it also became his final destination. In his poems, he repeatedly wrote the image of "ship", "through the night, to my motionless tall mast" and "I am old, weak and sick, and I am alone in the boat". The ship is a symbol and portrayal of the poet's wandering life.
Su Shi wrote Linjiang Xian when he demoted Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case;
I drank Dongpo in the evening and woke up drunk. It seemed like midnight when I came back. The child is short of breath. You shouldn't even knock on the door, but lean on your cane and listen to the sound of the river.
I have hated this body for a long time. When will I forget the camp? The night was calm and the lines were flat. Since then, this ship has passed away, and Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life.
Contrary to the sense of wandering, another typical connotation of the image of "ship" in China's classical poems is "freedom". The origin of this thought can be traced back to Zhuangzi, who said, "A clever woman can't cook without rice, and a clever woman can't cook without rice. Traveling with a full stomach is like a ship that is not tied, and it is also empty. " Although his thought is negative, for China literati, "a boat without fetters" has become an attractive life ideal:
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow. Li Bai's "Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Farewell Hospital Shu Yun".
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees. The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.
Wei is in Xixi Chuzhou
Wei Shi describes beautiful scenery such as spring flowers, spring grass, spring trees, spring birds, spring tides and spring rains, and sets off the central image of "crossing the wild without a boat" with a series of colorful scenery, which is not only a realistic description, but also a vivid expression of the poet's mentality.
6. Color category
White: Innocent.
Red: enthusiasm, youth and happiness, and green: hope, vitality and peace.
Blue: elegant and melancholy yellow: warm and peaceful.
Purple: noble and mysterious black: dark, desperate, solemn and mysterious, miss the dead, and life is doomed.
7. About people's quality and behavior.
Hero: admire, shame, sigh, villain: disdain, introspection, flogging.
The past of the Six Dynasties, the dream of the past of the Southern Dynasties: representing the prosperous life of the past.
Strike: it means determined to serve the country and recover lost ground. Emei: Beauty
Emei: Gao De Qing Zi Unfortunately, there are so many talents.
Bag: Also known as bag, bag and bag. Borrow vulgar works and make more modest words. Write more "spring snow" to express your smallness.
Writing the rules of the game: refers to the blood shed for a just cause. Later, users also used "game-writing protocol" and "Gao Hong Bi Hua" to describe the death from resentment or loyalty. For example, The Injustice of Dou E: "It is not my Dou E who sent such a headless wish. This is a real grievance ... this is our ambition to spread flowers and see the emperor. "
Folding laurel: a metaphor for imperial examinations and. The Book of Jin was published: "Emperor Wu sent someone to the East Hall and asked,' What does Qing think of himself?' I said to him,' I am the first in the world, a branch of Guilin, Pian Yu in Kunshan.
Huaiju: refers to filial piety to parents.
Cai Wei: Borrowing means seclusion. "Historical records. "Biography of Boyi" records: "The King of Wu put down the Yin chaos, and the world was dominated by Zhou. Boyi and Shu Qi were ashamed of this, and they hid in shouyangshan and ate from Wei." It tells the story of Boyi and Shu Qi who live in seclusion and refuse to serve Zhou. Later, he also showed his persistence in moral integrity.
Poets often use the images of "mountain" and "palace" in their poems to express the contradiction and conflict between ideal and reality. The so-called "Palace Que", also known as "Wei Que", is synonymous with the imperial court and a symbol of the poet's being reused in power. The so-called "mountain forest" refers to the poet's image of seclusion in the mountains when his political ideal is shattered or frustrated and he has no way to serve the country.
Love red: a metaphor for people who are sad, miserable and displaced. When writing poems, envoys traveled around the world and saw refugees flying in the wild like wild geese. Refugees enjoyed the arrival of envoys, and they all poured out their hearts together, like the sound of wild geese. Later, Hongyan was in the wild, and there was sorrow everywhere, which meant that the people were displaced.
Xu Xu: It means that women recite snow. Refers to a woman who is good at reciting and has extraordinary talent. Later, "Xu Xu" means praising Si Nuo, and "Xu Xucai" means extraordinary talent.
Nanguan: refers to prisoners. The allusion comes from Zuo Zhuan's Nine-year Qi Huangong. Zhong Yi, a native of Chu, was imprisoned in the Jin Dynasty and still wore the Southern Crown. Fan Wenzi praised this as a gentleman's trip: later, ordinary literati used it to refer to their life as a prisoner with integrity.
8. Location:
Monuments: nostalgia, ambition, rise and fall (country), decline, depression (monuments are generally closely related to the ancients)
Country: homesickness, vulgarity, rural scenery, pure, beautiful, comfortable and quiet life.
Grassland: the vast realm of life and the human mind.
City (street): prosperous, lively, rich and luxurious.
Wonderland: elegant, beautiful, clean, forgetful and vulgar.
Pinglan: I miss my old country, hometown and relatives.
Nanshan represents a secluded place, Taoyuan: an ideal paradise, and Wu Lingren represents a hermit.
Liu Ying: It refers to the barracks. Later, it was also called the disciplined military camp.
Heaven and Earth: HarmonyOS System, Yi Xi, Taiqing and Taixu.
Xiliuying: the place where Zhou Yafu stationed troops in Han Dynasty. Wang Wei's Hunting Watch "suddenly crossed Xinfeng City and went west to Liu Ying."
9. Other categories
Dog in white: also known as the dog in white clouds, it is a metaphor for impermanence. From Du Fu's poem "Alas": "The clouds in the sky are like white clothes. You should become like a pale dog. Throughout the ages, life has nothing to ask for. " Personnel changes are like floating clouds, like white clouds for a while, like dogs for a while.
Dawn: hope at first, late night: nostalgia.
Snow: jadeite jade, broken jade, ice flower, six out; Letter: Hongyan in Chiyu, Su Chi
National subjugation: backyard flowers.
Heaven and earth: the smallness of human life, the shortness of mind and the vastness of emotional loneliness.
Floating life: refers to a short and illusory life. Chaoyang: the hope of vitality and vigor
Sunset: Lost and depressed, cherish beautiful and short life or things.
Noon: Passionate and unrestrained. Evil forces destroy society and people.
Wine: joy, pride, depression and sadness.
Month: Life's perfection and deficiency, homesickness, homesickness for Philip Burkart, sadness in spring and autumn, longing for the fleeting time at the sight of running water, and sadness at the sight of the drizzle of phoenix tree.
Another name for the moon: Moon, Pan Yu, Sewer, Chanjuan, Ghost Palace; Jade plate, jade wheel, Yuhuan, jade hook, jade bow, jade mirror, celestial mirror, jade rabbit, Chang 'e, toad.
Moon: In China's ancient poems, it is a common brushwork to use the moon to set off feelings. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night: "The foot of the bed is bright, is there frost?" Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " This poem shows Li Bai's homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image full of poet's feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian wrote "Looking at Du Langzhong at Fifteen Nights": "Tonight, the moon is full, and I don't know whose house Qiu Si will fall." The poem points out the universal human feelings of this full moon night with euphemistic questions, and implicitly shows the poet's deep yearning for his hometown friends.
In addition, the "Moon" has the following images.
(1) The bright moon contains the sadness of border people.
Such as: "the sand is like snow before returning to Yuefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost"; "The bright moon in Qin Dynasty, the retreat in Han Dynasty, and the Long March people did not return" is tragic.
(2) The bright moon contains emotional helplessness.
For example, Xie Zhuang said, "Beauty walks in the dust, and there is a bright moon thousands of miles away." Prayer and blessing; Zhang Jiuling "The moon is in the sky, and the horizon is * * * at this time." Hope and desire.
(3) The bright moon symbolizes eternity in time and space.
"If the ancients were running water today, they would look at the bright moon." The plundering of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time are all vividly demonstrated.
Festivals in Ancient Poetry
1. man-days The seventh day of the first month. In ancient poetry, poets often express their homesickness and friends in people's days. For example, "People will know each other this year, but who knows next year?"
2. shangyuan. Lantern Festival, the fifteenth day of the first month. In ancient times, lanterns were decorated on the Lantern Festival, so the Lantern Festival was also called Lantern Festival. For example, Xin Qiji described the scenery of the Lantern Festival in "Jade Case": thousands of trees bloom in the east wind night. Blowing down, the stars are like rain. BMW carved cars are full of incense. Phoenix flute moves, jade pot turns, fish dragon dances all night.
3. Social Day. On the fifth day after beginning of spring, around the vernal equinox, the farmers' sacrifice meeting (land god) prayed for the new year. This is the Spring Festival Club; The fifth day after beginning of autumn was called Autumn House. The ancients used this festival to gather and compete and carry out entertainment activities that were very rare for them.
4. Cold food. Two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, after the winter solstice 105, it was roughly February of that spring. According to legend, Jin Wengong mourned Jietui, who was burned to death for pushing trees, so he decided to ban fire and eat cold food on this day. The cold food festival banned fire for three days and replaced it with a new fire. For example, Han Yi's "Cold Food" in the Tang Dynasty: the spring city is full of flowers, and the east wind is cold and willows are oblique. At dusk, the Han officials issued candles, and light smoke was scattered into the Wuhou mansion.
5. Qingming. The name of the March solar term is also the day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. For example, the well-known Qingming.
6. On the third day of the third lunar month (March 3), people meet the water and remove evil spirits, which is called repair. Later, it evolved into a festival of feasting and spring outing by the water in the suburbs. For example, in Du Fu's two poems "For the Road": "On March 3rd, it was sunny and sunny, and many beauties enjoyed the cool by the Chang 'an River."
7. Dragon Boat Festival. On the fifth day of May, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river. Later, people held dragon boat races on this day to commemorate Qu Yuan.
8. Tanabata. On July 7th, it is said that Cowherd and Weaver Girl met at the Magpie Bridge on this day. Expressing love through Tanabata in ancient poems. For example, Lin Jie's "Qiqiao": Tonight's Tanabata, I watched the blue sky, led the cows and weaved the girls across the river bridge. Every family watches the autumn moon, and every family wears HongLing. "
9. Mid-Autumn Festival. August fifteenth. The moonlight on this day is the best, and it is a festival for the whole family to enjoy the moon, so most people miss their loved ones on this day.
10. Chongyang September 9th. The ancients took nine as the yang number. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ancients had the custom of climbing and drinking. As Du Fu wrote in "Nine Days": Chongyang drank a glass of wine alone, and went to the riverside stage when he was ill.
1 1. Solstice in winter. It is the starting point of solar terms, equivalent to noon, but the time when the ancients thought the cathode was the sun. For example, Bai Juyi's "Night Thoughts on the Winter Solstice in Handan": Every winter solstice in Handan, I have a light to hug my knees. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.
12. The last night of the year. "Except" means except for old cloth.
In some ancient poems, there are no obvious festival names. We should first grasp the details of the poem, see what time and phenology the author wrote, what scenery and things were recorded in the poem, and then infer the festivals reflected in the poem by combining the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet.