Zhu dances heavily, but the horse is fat and the bow is broken.
Garrison Diao Dou urged the moon to set and joined the army at the age of 30.
Who knows that a strong man's heart is in the flute, and the sand head is empty to recruit people's bones
When the Central Plains heard of the war, there were descendants who opposed Hu Chuan!
The adherents endured death and looked forward to recovery, and shed tears tonight. Patriotic, unpaid grief and indignation translation and annotation translation
It has been fifteen years since the imperial edict made peace with the Jin people, and the general went to the frontier without fighting.
In the deep and gorgeous aristocratic mansion, the songs and dances were performed according to the beat, the fat horse in the stable died silently, and the bowstring was broken.
Diao Dou, who reported to the watchtower, urged the moon to go down. He joined the army at the age of 30 and has lost his hair until now.
Who knows the mind of a strong man from the flute? The moon shines freely on the bones of the soldiers who participated in the war.
The war in the Central Plains was also heard in ancient times, but how can foreign rulers pass on their descendants in the Central Plains?
The occupied people are living in pain and looking forward to the revival of the country. How many locals are crying tonight!
Appreciating Guan Shanyue fully embodies the basic content and spiritual essence of Lu You's patriotic poems, which is a perfect combination of ideological and artistic features. Filled with the poet's thoughts and feelings of caring for the country and loving the people, people burst into tears. This touching power comes not only from his great patriotic feelings, but also from his superb artistic skills, the most prominent of which is the construction of multiple nested comparative rhetorical texts.
From the macro-structure, the whole poem has 12 sentences, and every four sentences have a rhyme. Correspondingly, the content is also divided into three levels. These three levels select the different situations and attitudes of three characters on the same moonlit night as the structural framework of the whole poem. On the one hand, wealthy families have civil and military officials, singing and dancing, and do not think about saving the country; On the one hand, there are soldiers guarding the border, bored and unable to serve the country; On the one hand, the adherents of the Central Plains are shy, with blurred eyes and hope for reunification. These three scenes constitute three contrasting pictures, exposing and attacking the corrupt surrender politics in which those in power only indulge in debauchery, steal their own peace, and leave the military and civilians out of the cloud.
The first paragraph: fifteen years of the imperial edict of harmony and glory, the general does not dispute the air. Zhu dances heavily, but the horse is fat and the bow is broken.
The poet first introduced the whole poem with the introduction of "the imperial edict of He Rong is fifteen years, and the general does not dispute the empty border", which formed a direct causal relationship with the following scenes. The sentence of "harmony and tolerance" at the beginning of the poem means that it should only be a temporary expedient, but fifteen years have passed in an instant, which means criticism; The general can defeat the enemy without fighting, and the word "empty" has a strong questioning tone. Secondly, this paper compares two typical scenes: "Zhumen singing and dancing" and "The horse in the stable is fat and the bow is broken". On the one hand, singing and dancing in the deep house compound; On the one hand, the horses in the stables are so fat that the bowstring in the armory is moldy. The sentence "Zhumen" means that the ministers of the imperial court forgot the present situation of the country's decline and fall. The word "heavy" is used well, as if intoxicated deeply, and the word "pressure" describes the situation that ministers do not attach importance to the country but only know pleasure. The sentence "Steady Horse" is very painful to write that heroes are useless. This contrast reveals the present situation that the rulers lead a drunken life and lead to the waste of frontier defense equipment. This shows that they have long forgotten the national humiliation. We can fully realize that Lu You, a great poet who never forgets to resist national rejuvenation, is in full swing with strong indignation in the face of the rulers' thoughts of seeking peace and decadent life.
This is because the ruling clique in the Southern Song Dynasty only cared about their own happiness and did not hesitate to betray the interests of the country and the nation. The sentence "Zhu Men" hit the nail on the head and revealed the essence of their compromise and surrender. At the moment when Enemy at the Gates, the country is in decline and the nation is in peril, the rulers are blindly pursuing a luxurious life of feasting and dancing. They are afraid of death, bend their knees to surrender to the enemy, adopt a policy of non-resistance, and deceive themselves with the "imperial decree of harmony", so that the war horse raised to resist the enemy and the bow and arrow used to kill the enemy will be broken when they die, and the horse will be fat and broken. What a painful reality this is! "The horse is fat, and the bow is broken" is a supplement to "the general conquers the enemy without fighting", and these two sentences have a direct causal relationship with the imperial edict promulgated by He Rong.
The second paragraph: Diao Dou, a building guard, urged the moon to set, joined the army at the age of 30, and now he is white-haired. Who knows that a strong man's heart is in the flute, and the sand head is empty to recruit people's bones
In the fifteen years of Rong Zhao's reign, there was no hard work, no thrilling and bloody war, and everything was calm. Here, the poet pays attention to the fate and value of survivors and victims. For the survivors, because of the supreme ruler's "imperial decree of harmony", for many years, they have nothing to do but send away round after round of bright moons with the sound of fighting, and they can only pin their worries on the muffled flute and spend every day in this boring life. Day after day, year after year, many brave men who joined the army around the age of 30 are now white-haired.
How quickly a word "urging" is written, how sincerely a word "a strong man has broken his wrist" is written, and how helpless a rhetorical question is! In this hurried Diao Dou sound, in this plaintive flute sound, there is an urgent feeling, that is, the strong men are looking forward to making contributions to killing the enemy, ending this boring life at an early date and returning to their long-lost homes as soon as possible. But who can understand this feeling? "Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead." (Du Fu's Stone Trench) If the survivors can still have a glimmer of fantasy, what about the victims? The word "empty sand head" shows that the soldiers' wish to kill the enemy and return to their hometown will eventually die of old age and become the bones of the wild, and it also shows that their youth and life are worthless.
The emphasis on words is avoided in the poem, but this poem re-uses the word "empty" compared with the previous "general does not dispute the empty border", and these two seemingly failed words are in sharp contrast with the life fate of "general" and "recruiting people". The contrast between the living and the dead reveals the tragic fate of soldiers and reflects their full grief and indignation. Between the lines, the poet's silent complaint about He Rong's line and his deep sympathy for the soldiers in the border area are beyond words. Words like "empty photo" and "who knows" are a portrayal of his mood.
The last four sentences are the third paragraph: the Central Plains has been at war with the ancients, and no descendants are enemies of Hu Chuan! The adherents endured death and looked forward to recovery, making them cry at night in several places!
From writing about border guards to writing about people, writing about the northern people enslaved by the enemy is the so-called adherents. It mainly depicts the picture of the Central Plains adherents looking forward to revival with tears in their eyes. The poet first showed a distant and vast historical background: the Central Plains has been a battlefield filled with smoke since ancient times, where Chinese sons and daughters fought bloody battles to resist foreign aggression. The poet's meaning is very profound: this sentence is far from the current situation of "the imperial edict was fifteen years" and "the general did not fight", forming a scene of contrast between ancient and modern times, and satirizing the present with the ancient; In contrast to "Are there any descendants who oppose Hu Chuan", the poet expressed his great indignation at the policy of harmony and honor with strong rhetoric.
Then, "descendants against Hu Chuan" and "adherents endure death and hope for recovery, and shed tears several times tonight" constitute a contrasting scene: on the one hand, the Nuzhen who occupied the Central Plains is full of children and grandchildren here, beaming and ready to take root; On the other hand, the adherents of the Central Plains endured humiliation and tears and looked forward to reunification. The two scenes contrast and blend into one. This picture makes us easily think of two other poems by Lu You: "The adherents shed tears and dust, and then look south at Julian Waghann for one year." (The Feeling of Fence Gate at Dawn in Autumn Night) In the enemy-occupied areas of the Central Plains, the prosperity of the Hu people and the misery of the adherents revealed the great harm of the "harmonious imperial edict" and showed the adherents' desire to save the country. The adherents were ravaged by other nationalities and lived in dire straits. Their spiritual strength is supported by the hope that Song Jun can move northward and restore the situation of the motherland's reunification. However, the adherents looked forward to the Northern Expedition, and their desire for recovery could not be realized, so they had to look south in vain and shed tears. This is the meaning of the last two sentences, "The adherents endured death and looked forward to recovery, and they cried several times tonight."
A brief analysis of this poem is based on the old saying Yuefu, which was written when Lu You dismissed from office and lived in Chengdu. This poem denounces the attitude of the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court, shows the anguish of patriotic soldiers who have no choice but to serve the country and the desire of the people in the Central Plains to recover their lost land, and embodies the poet's patriotic feelings of worrying about the country and the people and longing for reunification. There are twelve sentences in the whole poem, and every four rhymes to express a layer of meaning. They are all about generals, dignitaries, soldiers guarding the border and the people of the Central Plains. The poet's conception is very ingenious. He took the moonlit night as a whole and integrated the three scenes to form a panoramic view of Guan Shanyue night. It can be said that this was a microcosm of the Southern Song society at that time. The poet also selected some typical things, such as Zhumen, stable, broken bow, white hair, white bones, tears of adherents and so on. , showing the poet's distinct feelings of love and hate. The language of this poem is concise, with a word of praise and criticism, and it is very expressive. Guan Shanyue's poems are not only profound in thought, but also rich in emotion, full in image, vivid in description and artistic in character. The specific performance is strong generality, strong lyricism, simple and natural language and smooth turning. At the same time, it can be said that Lu You has the same artistic characteristics. The style of Guan Shanyue is gloomy, boundless, sad and intense. Lu You creatively used Guan Shanyue, an old topic in ancient Yuefu, while Guan Shanyue took frontier fortress as the theme to express the inner feelings of homesickness of soldiers. On the imperial edict of He Rong, Lu You wrote the ruling clique to the soldiers guarding the border and to the adherents who endured death in the Central Plains. The content of the poem is enriched, the realm is expanded, and the ideological significance is deeper. Its style is no longer blindly low-key, but gloomy and sad. Lu You also skillfully uses the words Guan, Shan and Yue to organize materials and express themes, which is highly general and lyrical. Guanshan originally represented the geographical features of the frontier fortress, and the frontier fortress was always set on a steep mountain when defending. Lu You, on the other hand, broke through this restriction and expanded Guanshan, from writing inside Guanshan to writing outside Guanshan. Inside the Guanshan Mountain is the rear area, where there are hearty shallow singing and endless singing and dancing. Guanshan itself is the garrison building of the soldiers in front, where there are the white hairs of the endogenous people in the building and the bones of the dead outside the building. Outside Guanshan is an enemy-occupied area, where there are cruel wars and massacres behind enemy lines, and the blood and tears of innocent people are bitter. From near to far, the poet arranged several different things together, which profoundly and vividly showed the poet's love and hate, right and wrong concepts, vividly and concretely revealed the sharp opposition between patriotic and traitorous political lines, with high generality and strong lyricism. At the same time, the poet also closely followed the word "moon" and used the constant change of the moon to express the passage of time and the change of seasons, which ran through the history of fifteen years vertically. Moreover, the moon symbolizes a beautiful reunion in our national tradition, so the soldiers guarding the border see it to express their homesickness; The adherents of the conquered country saw it and touched the thoughts of the old country. However, in the view of the ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty, this is a beautiful scene of cooking songs and wine. Being the same bright moon, people with different political positions and different life situations have different feelings and reflections; It was also the bright moon that shone on the songs and dances of Zhumen, on the white hair and bones of the soldiers in front, and on the tears of the adherents in the occupied areas for fifteen years. Song and dance addiction, white hair, unfinished bones, tears still exist. By moonlight, the poet made a vivid and true artistic summary of the political situation of long-term stability from history to reality and conquering the enemy without fighting, and deep grief and indignation filled the lines. The language of poetry is also simple, concise and natural, without striking sentences, but in the description of objective facts, it shows a tear-jerking and thrilling power. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that Guan Shanyue has achieved a highly perfect combination of ideology and artistry, which can represent the ideology and artistry of Lu You's poems. Creation background: Lu You (1125—1210), ci concept, number of songs. Han nationality, a native of Yinshan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), was a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. When he was young, he was influenced by family patriotism, but when Gao Zong was young, he had to be tried by the Ministry of Rites, which was highly praised by Qin Gui. Filial piety makes a scholar. Middle-aged into Shu, devoted to military life, the official to Baozhangge to be built. Retire to another country in his later years. There are more than 9,000 poems written today, which are extremely rich in content. He is the author of Poems of Jiannan, Collected Works of Weinan, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, Notes on Old Ann Studies, etc. Lu you
This place was once different when the bow was bent on the bank and the willow was a horse. Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! . Bury two rounds, trip four horses, and beat drums with jade mallets. Iron horse red flag cold dusk, let you also send to the border town. The horseshoe treads on the water, and the drunken sleeve reveals the wind. With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave. The iron frost is heavy, and the horse is old and deep. The flax hissed, the Han flag turned over the snow, and the clouds vomited again, leaving a residual photo. Mrs. Guo thanked the master and rode into the palace gate. Suddenly, a five-member galloped past here, and his horse was decorated with splendor and gold. Even Ma Jing was silent. Neighbors are still afraid of being surprised. In the spring breeze, this proud horse runs at the speed of two beats. I visited all the sights of Chang 'an gracefully in one day. Thousands of willows send horseshoes, and geese fly from north to south. The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice. Ten thousand horses don't hiss, a cold cry, make Liu Ying.