About the author:
Su Shi (1037 ~110/) was born in Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty. He is a famous writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy is called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei; He is good at painting bamboo and strange stones, and also has outstanding opinions on painting theory and calligraphy theory. He is a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu. Poetry is like the name of Huang Tingjian; His words are magnificent and bold, and his words are graceful and restrained. Known as "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, * * * is an uninhibited poet.
original text
The water is bright and sunny, and the lake is sparkling and beautiful.
It's rainy in the mountains. The mountains shrouded in fog show wonderful colors.
I want to compare the West Lake, which is as beautiful as stone.
Light makeup is always appropriate. Whether it is sunny or rainy, it looks good.
(1) churning-describe water waves connected, rippling flash.
Fang Hao-it's beautiful.
(3) empty-describe the fog, if there is like nothing. ..
(4)—— The beauty of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, surnamed Shi, lived in the west of Huanshaxi Village (now Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province).
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a great writer and artist in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was also called "Su San" with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe, and his ancestral home was Meizhou (now meishan county, Sichuan). He has made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose, calligraphy and painting, including Seven Chapters of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Have a profound impact on future generations. His poems are flowing, lively and bold, good at depicting landscapes with fresh metaphors and revealing profound philosophy from ordinary things.
This is a poem praising the beauty of the West Lake, which was written during the poet's tenure as a judge in Hangzhou. There are two original songs, and this is the second one.
Hangzhou West Lake, also known as Xizi Lake, is located in the west of Hangzhou. It's called Xizi Lake, which comes from this little poem.
One day, Su Shi and his friends were drinking by the West Lake. It was sunny at first, but it soon turned cloudy and began to rain. In this way, before drinking, the poet fully enjoyed the two completely different scenery of the West Lake, sunny and rainy. So the poet praised: the West Lake on a sunny day is sparkling and dazzling, which just shows the beautiful scenery; On rainy days, the West Lake is hazy in the mountains, showing another wonderful scenery. I think it is best to compare the West Lake to learning Chinese characters. The color of the mountain is her elegant decoration, and the water is her rich powder. No matter how she dresses up, she can always bring out her natural beauty and charming charm.
The first two sentences of this poem are descriptions: the description of water on sunny days and mountains on rainy days, which shows the beauty of the scenery of the West Lake and the changeable characteristics of sunny days and rainy days from two landforms and two kinds of weather. It is concrete and vivid, with a high degree of artistic generality, so that some people commented that many ancient poems on the West Lake were swept away by these two sentences. The last two sentences are metaphors: between heaven and earth, human beings are the most spiritual; Among human beings, calligraphy is the most beautiful. On the basis of the first two sentences, compare the West Lake to a beautiful stone, saying that it is as beautiful as a stone, not to mention wearing light makeup or heavy makeup!
However, writing about the beauty of the West Lake is not the whole mystery of this metaphor. Some women in history are as famous as writing. Why do poets compare Xizi to the West Lake? This is because, in addition to her beauty, Xizi has two unique similarities with the West Lake: First, Xizi's hometown is not far from the West Lake and belongs to the land of ancient Yue; Second, both the West Lake and the West Lake have the word "West" on their heads, which sounds natural. For these reasons, Su Shi's wonderful metaphor won the praise of later generations, and the West Lake is also known as Xizi Lake.
This poem is very general. It is not a description of a scene or a scene of the West Lake, but a comprehensive evaluation of its beautiful scenery. The spread of this poem adds luster to the scenery of the West Lake.
Carve a mark on the side of the moving ship to show where someone's sword fell ―― take measures regardless of the change of environment.
Carving a boat for a sword: a metaphor for not knowing the development and changes of things and still looking at problems statically. A fable described in "Lu Chunqiu Chajin" tells that a man in the State of Chu accidentally dropped his sword in the river while crossing the river by boat. He carved a mark on the boat and said, "This is where I put down my sword." When the boat stopped, he jumped into the river and looked for the sword along the sign, but he couldn't find it anywhere. This fable warns politicians to understand that the world is changing, and if they don't know how to reform, they can't govern the country. Later, it showed that they didn't know how to be flexible and stick to the rules.
Idiom data
Chinese characters carve boats and seek swords.
Chinese pronunciation kè zh not uqi ú jià n
The interpretation of words is a metaphor for not knowing the development and changes of things and still looking at problems statically.
The allusion comes from Lu Chunqiu Cha Jin (also known as Lu Lan) in the Warring States Period: "The Chu people waded across the river, and the knife fell into the water from the boat, saying to their boat,' My knife fell off the boat.' The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing? "
Words like you, and it's ~, rubber column drumming! ◎ Cao Qingxue Qin's Dream of Red Mansions 120.
Synonyms are waiting for rabbits, sticking to rules, buying shoes, attracting babies to the river and looking for fish from the edge of trees.
The antonym plays it by ear.
Verb-French connection; As predicate, attribute and adverbial; derogatory sense
Word derogatory term
Cheng was selected into the ninth lesson of the sixth grade of the primary school discipline education edition, the eleventh lesson of the third grade of the primary school S edition, and the twenty-eighth lesson of Lv Chunqiu (II) of the sixth grade of the last education edition.
Overview of the article
Original text and translation
original text
Some Chu people waded in the river, and their swords fell into the water from the boat, so they jumped on the boat and said, "My sword fell from above." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing?
Translated text
A Chu man crossed the river, and his sword fell from the boat into the water. He quickly carved a mark on the side of the boat with a knife and said, "This is where my sword fell." When the boat stopped, the man went into the water to look for the sword along the mark carved on the side of the boat. The ship has gone a long way, and the sword will not go with it. Is it stupid to look for a sword like this?
Injection and release
1. wading-this means crossing the river on foot, which means crossing the river.
2. from-from.
3. Suddenly-in a hurry, immediately, in a hurry.
4. Knit and carve with a knife.
5. Yes-here it is.
6. Not confused-not very confused? Confused, confused, confused. "Great ..." Tribal tiger "is a euphemism.
7. fall-fall.
8. If-for example.
9. This is where my sword fell-this is where my sword fell.
10. The name of the Chu and Zhou Dynasties, whose capital is in the north of jiangling county, Hubei.
1 1. Find-find.
12. refers to pronouns, not "swords".
13. His sword fell from the boat into the water, which was his.
14. Qiqi's boat, it: this.
15. From the person who signed the contract, it: him.
16. It's where my sword fell, that is, the subject and the third person, it (us).
17. Stop: verb, stop.
18. OK: Go ahead.
19. also: also.
author
Lv Buwei was a public figure, a famous businessman, politician, thinker, bibliographer and scholar at the end of the Warring States Period, and a native of Puyang (now southwest of Puyang, Henan). Lv Buwei was a big businessman in Yangzhai (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province). He traveled around, buying at low prices and selling at high prices, so he accumulated thousands of dollars of wealth. He is famous for "rare goods can live in the world". He assisted Qin Shihuang to ascend to the throne and served as the prime minister of Qin, organized the people to compile the famous Lv Chunqiu, and was also a representative figure of sage thought. This article is selected from Lu Chunqiu and Cha Jin.
allusion
Carving a boat for a sword is an idiom evolved from a fable, which means sticking to dogma, sticking to the rules and being stubborn. In the dictionary of idioms, the phonetic notation is (kèZhu qiúJiàn), which comes from Lu Chunqiu Cha Jin written by Lv Buwei during the Warring States Period: "When the Chu people waded across the river, their knives fell into the water, saying,' My knives fell from here. "The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing? "
This story tells us that things in the world are always changing, and people should take this change into account when thinking about problems and doing things, and adapt to this change. It is impossible to be rigid and inflexible.
This is a fable, satirizing one-sided, static, rigid and conformist people.
Carving a boat for a sword is a derogatory term and a parallel phrase, which consists of two verb-object phrases: "carving a boat" and "seeking a sword", and can be used as a predicate, attribute or adverbial in a sentence.
People who would rather believe their size than their feet when buying shoes.
Buying shoes by Zheng people is an idiom, an allusion and an allegory. It tells the story that Zheng Canren doesn't buy shoes because they believe in "scale" too much. It tells people to seek truth from facts, be flexible and not stick to dogma.
Chinese name:
People who would rather believe their size than their feet when buying shoes.
Type:
Idiom/fable
Structure:
Four character idioms
Year:
the Spring and Autumn Period
Country:
Zheng Guo
Pronunciation zhèng rén m m:I lǐ original text
One version is:
Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and let them sit down. Go to town and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist." Instead, it is. The anti-urban strike cannot be realized. People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."
Another version is:
If a Zheng man has shoes, he should stand up first. Go to town and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist." Instead, it is. The anti-urban strike cannot be realized. People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."
translate
There is a man in Zheng State who wants to buy shoes. He measured his feet first and then put them on the seat. I forgot to take my measurements when I went to the market. After choosing shoes in the market, he remembered that he had forgotten to bring his size. He said, "I forgot to bring my size." So I went back to get the measurements. But when he returned to the market, the market had already broken up, so he didn't buy any shoes. Someone asked, "Why not try it with your feet?" He said, "I would rather trust the measured size than my own feet."
To annotate ...
Degree (du): measure.
Zheng: The name of a small country in the Spring and Autumn Period was in Xinzheng County, Henan Province.
Desire: want.
Footwear: sound (lǐ), shoes are shoes.
Whose people are they? ....
First: first of all.
And: then.
Put: put, put it in.
One: pronoun, here refers to the measured size.
Its: his.
Sit: interchangeable word: seat; Seats; It's different from ancient times now.
To: Wait.
One: here.
And: but.
Forget: forget.
Fuck: Take it and carry it.
One: pronoun, here refers to the measured size.
Already: already.
Get: get; I see.
Yes: only.
Take it.
Reverse: interchangeable words: return; Return.
And: arrive, wait.
Stop: break up, end, stop.
None: none.
Confidence: Believe in yourself.
Sui: So, just.
D: yes.
H: why?
One: shoes.
To: use.
Foot; Feet.
Ning: I would rather.
Forgot to fuck: forgot to take the size.
Common words
1, the word "sit" in "let it sit" is the same as "seat", seat.
2. "Take it back. And the word "anti" in "anti" is the same as "return". Return, go home.
Moral: satirize some people who stick to the rules and don't know how to adapt according to the actual situation.
The story of the theme tells us that we should pay attention to the facts and not stick to the rules.
Explanation of words: used to satirize people who only believe in dogma and ignore reality.
The source of "Han Feizi's foreign reserves say that the left is the best": "Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure them, sit on them, and go to town, but forget to do them. They have already done them, but they say' forget to hold them'. If you take it back, if you violate it, you can't do it. " Han Feizi (about 280-233 BC) is Han Fei. China was a thinker and politician at the end of the Warring States Period. He was a student of Xun Qing, a famous thinker at that time. Han Fei inherited and developed Xunzi's legalism, absorbed his previous legalism and became a master of legalism. In the fourteenth year of Qin Shihuang (233 BC), he was killed by Li Si. His works were later called Everything is done wrong, and there are 55 existing works. He opposes the hierarchical system centered on bloodline, and advocates the equality of "nobility", "popularity" and "self-protection"; Oppose "cronyism" and advocate "meritocracy"; Oppose Confucian "rule by courtesy" and advocate "rule by law"; At the same time, it also puts forward that "technique" (the means by which the monarch controls his subjects) and "potential" (the power of the monarch) are the supplements to "law". grammar
Subject-predicate sentence pattern
Used as an attribute or adverbial
It is a derogatory idiom.
Synonyms mechanically and rigidly apply (move) dogma.
Antonyms play it by ear.
Comment on Zheng Guoren who made dogmatic mistakes. He only believes in the size of his feet, not his own, and not only makes a big joke, but also can't buy shoes. In real life, buying shoes only depends on the size of the feet, not the feet. It may not happen. But there are such people. Some people, speaking, doing things and thinking, only start from books, not from reality; He believes what is written in the book, but he doesn't believe what is not written in the book but actually exists. In this kind of person's view, only what is written in the book is the truth, and what is not written is not the truth. In this way, of course, thinking will be rigid and action will hit a wall.
Reading practice
1. The book Zheng Men Buy Shoes is selected from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. Pay attention to the following words.
① Perfect () ② Ning ()
3. Explain the words.
(1) () (2) Fuck ()
(3) Ning () (4) Ba ()
4. Translate the following sentences.
(1) and the city, hence not shoe. _______________________________________。
2 Ning reliability, no confidence. __________________________________。
5. What does this fable contain?
____________________________________________________________________________。
Please write at least two idioms related to "shoes"
________________________________
Answer:
Han Feizi, Waichu, Upper Left, Han Fei, Warring States Period
Li Dai
Lift shoes
Would rather end it.
When he returned to the market, the market had already broken up, so he didn't buy shoes.
I'd rather trust the measured size than my own feet.
This story satirizes those who only believe in dogma and do not pay attention to objective reality.
Anchang Road walks along the mountain, stumbling, trudging, walking in the snow, walking in the grass, wearing green, wearing frost, walking in the ice, wearing Tianlu, Dai Xuan, walking in the middle of the yellow river, wearing, walking in righteousness, climbing high and looking far, walking in danger, selling shoes, walking in frost, walking in danger alone.
Pretend to love what you are actually afraid of.
Ye Gong Long Hao is an idiom that tells the story of Ye Gong's addiction to dragons. After being known by the real dragon in the sky, he descended from the sky and came to Ye Gong's home. When Ye Gong saw that it was a real dragon, he turned and ran away in fear, as if he had lost his soul. Metaphor looks like something on the surface, but it doesn't. It's derogatory.
suggestion
Original 1
Ye loves dragons, and only carved dragons on long hooks and wine vessels, and carved dragons at home. In this way, when he was known by the dragon in the sky, he fell from the sky to Ye Gong's home. Someone visited him on the windowsill, and his dragon tail reached into the hall. When Ye Gong saw a dragon, he turned around and ran away, scaring him like a lost soul, terrified and unable to control himself. Therefore, Ye doesn't really like dragons. He just likes things that look like dragons, not dragons.
translate freely
Pinyin: xié g not ng à o ló ng, pronounced Shè g not ng à o ló ng in ancient pronunciation, is the surname.
Ye Gong: During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a nobleman named Gao in the State of Chu who was sealed in Ye (the ancient city name, now Ye County, Henan Province).
Hook: A hook on a garment.
Write: draw.
Chisel: Bronze Jue, an ancient drinking utensil.
House sculpture: a pattern carved on a house. The same as "Wen"
Yǐu: the window.
Stone: the same as "drag".
Xuán: Turn around and run. Also, pass the spin, walk and run.
Five colors without owner: meaning six gods without owner.
Husband: demonstrative pronoun, that.
Good: I like it.
Smell: I heard.
Next step: Go to Ye Gong's residence.
Text: through "text", the pattern.
Yes: this one.
translate
Ye Gong likes dragons very much. The hooks on his clothes are engraved with dragons, the hip flask and wine glass are engraved with dragons, and the eaves of the house are engraved with dragons. He was so fascinated by dragons that he was known by the real dragons in the sky, and then descended from the sky to Ye Gong's home. The dragon head is placed on the window sill to visit, and the dragon tail extends into the hall. When Ye Gong saw that it was a real dragon, he turned and ran away in fear, just like losing his soul. His face suddenly changed and he could hardly control himself. From this point of view, Ye Gong doesn't really like dragons! He only likes those things that look like dragons!
remove doubts and misgivings
This story satirizes the characters of Ye Formula with vivid metaphors, and profoundly exposes their bad thoughts and styles of high-sounding and unrealistic. Through this story, we should abandon the bad idea and style of "theory divorced from reality" and establish a good idea and style of seeking truth from facts. At the same time, it also satirizes people who are not worthy of the name and are not what they seem.
The most famous contribution is that he did not repay evil for good, but decisively led his troops to quell Bai's rebellion, thus stabilizing the Chu regime. Later, for the sake of Chu's long-term stability, he gave his position to others, and was evaluated by experts as not obsessed with powerful people and deeply understanding the righteousness.
The word high was named Ye Yiyin, surnamed Ye. Ye Gong was born in the royal family of Chu, and his great-grandfather was Chu Zhuangwang, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Qin sent troops to repel Wu Jun, King Zhao of Chu became Yin in Ye Yi, an important town in northern Chu. Shen Zhuliang was respected by the rulers of Chu at the age of 24.
Archaeological excavations have confirmed that during his tenure, he organized the people to build the earliest existing water conservancy project in China, which irrigated hundreds of thousands of acres of local farmland, more than 200 years earlier than Dujiangyan and Li Bingxiu, the famous Shu countries, and more than 300 years earlier. The northeast and Xibei sites built by Ye Gong are well preserved so far, which is the historical witness of Ye Gong's water control.
Historian Dr. An Guolou said that Ye Gong did have a hobby of painting dragons, but dragons were deified animals and could not descend to wild houses. "Ye Gong Long Hao" embodies the geographical location of Ye Gong and the rich connotation of the dragon culture of the times. Experts also pointed out that this fable described by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty reflected the condemnation of other schools such as Chu Feng and Taoism after Confucianism moved towards exclusive status in the Han Dynasty.
According to the Zhou Li, after Ye Gong's death, he was set up to enjoy sacrifices. Later generations partly changed Shen to Ye in order to commemorate the virtue and hometown of ancestors, which is the origin of Ye. Therefore, Ye Gong is also recognized as the ancestor of China people with Ye surname in the world. Every year around Tomb-Sweeping Day, in front of the tomb beside the Lijiang River, descendants of Ye at home and abroad return to their hometowns to worship their ancestors, which has become a major landscape of cultural tourism in the Central Plains.
use
Subject-predicate type; Is it an attribute or an object?
Example: ~, good. ★ Liang Qing Qichao's Informing People of Misunderstanding Constitutionalists' Mao Zedong's Investigation Report on Hunan Peasant Movement: "People are scared to death, and ~!"
Synonym: duplicity, insincerity
Antonym: worthy of the name, worthy of the name.
People who borrow things than people and use leaf formula to compare social phenomena.