1, describing the romantic feelings of girls, fresh and ethereal. Li Qingzhao's literary achievements are inseparable from her good family education. His father Li was a famous essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his mother Wang also wrote articles. Scholarly family endows Li Qingzhao with high talent and excellent family influence, which lays a good foundation for her literary creation. In addition, the relaxed and enlightened family atmosphere has created her frank and natural personality and mind, and her endowment and potential have been greatly exerted, laying a solid foundation for her independent and free literary creation style.
Most of Li Qingzhao's boudoir poems in her girlhood are to express her love for life and nature. She is good at endowing the subjective consciousness of loving nature with things that exist objectively. In these poems, we see an innocent and lively girl vividly describing life and nature. Look at the following three songs:
"Like a Dream": It's dusk in Changting, and I don't know where to go when I'm drunk. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
The text uses line drawing to recall a happy scene in Xiting. The boundary is beautiful and pleasant, but the short scale gives people enough beautiful enjoyment. The beauty of Xiting, sunset, Li Antang, boating and gull heron makes people linger. The words "intoxicated", "tired", "stunned", "struggling" and "surprised" vividly describe the girl's happiness, charm and innocence.
A little red lips: stop swinging, get up and straighten your hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe. //When you see a guest, you can slip away with your socks. She ran away shyly and leaned against the door, smelling the fragrance of plum flowers.
The author made a special "portrait" for himself with a pen, slightly dyed with a vivid pen, and outlined a girl's shy and affectionate complex mentality in Seeds of Love.
"Like a Dream": Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, and there was no wine left after a deep sleep. I asked the shutter man, but he said, "Haitang is still there." You know what? You know what? It should be green, fat and thin!
This poem has characters, scenes and dialogues. Li Qingzhao skillfully used the artistic conception of Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn. "Know, know? It should be green, fat and thin! " In two words, infinite sadness, vivid and vivid, concise and concise, which hides countless twists and turns in a short picture. Here, Li Qingzhao implicitly tells the loneliness of boudoir life and yearning for love through the sadness of girls cherishing flowers and spring.
Li Qingzhao's early "boudoir Ci" described the nature and characters' modality, grasped the little things with rich life characteristics, and tried to describe the characters' modality and inner world, which was harmonious, fresh and cheerful. Some critics think that the theme of her works at this time is narrow and has no depth and breadth. Imagine how difficult it is for a spoiled girl of sixteen or seventeen to have such talent. No wonder Wang Zhuo praised: "There are few scholars."
2. Describe Qinqin's newly married life, which is light and graceful, natural and charming.
At the age of eighteen, Li Qingzhao married Zhao Mingcheng, the son of Prime Minister Zhao Ting. After marriage, they lived a happy and harmonious life. The couple often recite poems and enjoy rubbings. Although the two elders have experienced some changes because of political changes, their lives are generally calm. Because Li Qingzhao devoted herself to the collation and discussion of epigraphy and calligraphy, her image thinking and aesthetic ability were deeply influenced by her long-term "understanding God", which was manifested in her ci works and helped her form a superb artistic conception and unique artistic style.
With her beloved husband, Li Qingzhao always shows a lovely and charming appearance, and her words record this life and emotion.
"Broken Magnolia" says: A flower seller gets a spring flower. Tears are lightly dyed evenly, and rosy clouds are exposed. //Afraid that Lang guessed that a slave's face was not as good as a flower's face. The clouds are slanting, and I want to teach Lang Biguan.
Li Qingzhao loves plum blossoms and often compares herself with Yongmei. This word is not from Yongmei, but she compares herself with the image of plum blossom, and shows the charming face of a young woman with lively, clear and vulgar words. This is the sweetness of marriage, the coquetry of her husband, and also shows her confidence in her beauty.
In another poem, The Pride of the Fisherman, a similar artistic conception can be found: "Spring comes in the snow, and cold plums adorn the Qiongzhi. The face is half open and half charming, and the court jade person bathes in new makeup. //nature may be intentional, so it teaches the moon exquisitely. * * * bounty honor green ant, don't get drunk. This flower is inferior to the flowers in the group.
The above two sentences show that the poet is still in a happy, relaxed, romantic, harmonious and carefree atmosphere during the wedding.
3. Describing the separated life of lovesickness between husband and wife is figurative and touching.
1 103, when Zhao Mingcheng was not at home, the two of them were separated for several months, one and a half years more. At this time, the style of Li Qingzhao's ci changed, and a word "sorrow" quietly came to Li Qingzhao's ci. Letters became Li Qingzhao's daily comfort. "Who is the cloud to send brocade books?" The most obvious expression of this emotion is the "a piece of plum" engraved on the brocade handkerchief:
Red lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Who sent the cotton book in the cloud, the wild goose word returned, and the west building will be full tomorrow. //Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.
Wang Guowei said: "All kinds of words are kind." In this poem, all the scenery descriptions contain the author's feelings, and "Lotus Root", "Hosta", "Blue Boat", "Wild Goose", "Moon" and "Flower" all melt into the author's lovesickness and parting pain. Here, we can see a young woman sincerely dissecting her innocent love, the depth of love, the longing for thinking, the suffering of sadness, and the infatuation of love. It can be said that "I don't know where to start, but it has been deep." This word shows that Li Qingzhao is good at describing the expression and psychological state of characters, and at the same time is good at expressing sincere feelings in simple and fresh language.
"Drunken Flowers" wrote: "The fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, and the golden beast disappears. The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night. //After dusk, Dongli wine is fragrant and full of sleeves. Mo Tao is immortal, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. "
In this poem, Li Qingzhao uses anthropomorphic writing techniques to endow Yanyun with human feelings and Huanghua with human nature, which reflects her sadness of missing her husband. The image of a young woman with haggard face and weak limbs is presented to the readers. A picture, a close-up, will be the most economical and vivid expression of acacia feelings. No wonder her husband Zhao Mingcheng was deeply impressed and said, "Don't scratch yourself." .
During the period from Li Qingzhao's marriage to Nandu, her literary talent was flying, which was the mature period of her artistic creation, and both slow words and slow poems reached high attainments. His knowledge is more profound, his artistic skills are more proficient, and he has basically formed a unique "Yi 'an style": "Shallow vulgar words make fresh thoughts" and "common sayings make melody"; The artistic image refined by women's unique delicacy and sensitivity not only keeps the original features of graceful words since the Tang and Five Dynasties, but also creates an artistic style with personal experience as its connotation. Gentle and graceful, there is a leisurely atmosphere, and the charm reveals the beauty of vigorous and handsome.
Second, after crossing the south, the works mainly show the feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness and the lonely and desolate life.
1, Jinling period: describing the life away from home, full of sadness, sadness and resentment.
The "Jingkang Change" perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao fled to the south. Li Qingzhao was single in Chiyang and had no friends. She felt desolate. During this period, most of her works are nostalgic for her hometown and old friends, and her style tends to be calm and sad. "Bodhisattva Man" and "Nian Nu Jiao" express the empathy of many people who left their homes and separated their flesh and blood in the early days of Du Nan.
Bodhisattva Man: It's still early spring when the weather is sunny, and I'm in a good mood when I clip my shirt. I feel a little cold when I sleep, and Meihua's temples are disabled. Where is my hometown? Forget, unless you are drunk, it will burn more fragrant and last longer.
Nian Nujiao: The courtyard is depressed, drizzling, and the heavy door must be closed. Fondling willow flowers to eat cold food, all kinds of brain weather. Writing a poem is a leisurely taste. When you spend too much money, it's hard to get rid of a thousand worries. //upstairs for a few days, hanging curtains all around, jade fence dry, unintentional. Dream Leng Xiang's new dream. Go to sleep and don't be sad. Clear dew in the morning, the introduction of new tung, how much is spring! The sky is crisp and the smoke is rolling. Is it sunny today?
It is worth mentioning that Zhao Mingcheng knew something about jiangning house, and the couple passed by Xiang Yu Temple when they went to catch water. The Wujiang River written by Li Qingzhao is still thrilling to read (life is a hero, death is a ghost). Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East. ) to praise the hero, to satirize Song Gaozong's escapism and those who surrendered, patriotism, beyond words.
Li Qingzhao's mood was particularly heavy when her country was destroyed and her family died: she only felt that "trying the lamp was boring and she had no intention of stepping on the snow" (Linjiang Xian) and "there was no sorrow or joy at night" ("Die in Hua Lian and Go to Zhao Sijian"). During the day, "where is my hometown? Unless you are drunk, forget it. " ("Bodhisattva Man"), dreaming of Chang 'an in vain and recognizing Chang 'an Road at night ("Hua Lian Shang Zhao Si Jin"); When she woke up from her dream, a kind of melancholy that "the dream is far from back" ("Complaining about Love") grabbed her heart again and taught her to "mourn on the night pillow and rain a little." A little light rain, worried about donating northerners are not used to listening "("adding words and picking mulberry seeds "). In autumn, she is "Zhong Xuan Huai Yuan is more desolate" (partridge sky); In winter, she "has no intention of giving away all the plum blossoms, so she has to wear all her clothes and tears" (Qingpingle). The poet is full of melancholy, so that osmanthus, which has always been loved by relatives, is also reprimanded: "Smoked through a thousand miles of dreams, but heartless" ("Chuan Huan Xi Sha").
2. Mourning period: describes people's deep sorrow, the country is broken and the family is dead, deep and indirect, and the bitterness is deep.
1 129, Li Qingzhao took refuge in Jinhua, and Zhao Mingcheng died alone on his way to work in Jiankang. Li Qingzhao bears the triple pain of national destruction and the death of her husband. She drifted and migrated, and the stones collected for many years were completely lost. The lingering tenderness, cheerfulness and frankness in her original character have disappeared with her husband's death, and her feelings are extremely bleak and painful.
Li Qingzhao wrote in one of the songs "Wulingchun": "The wind has stopped the dust and fragrant flowers, and I am tired of combing my hair at night. Things are people, not everything, and tears flow first. //I heard that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and I plan to do canoeing. I am afraid that the ship will not move and I have many concerns. "
This word is a combination of implication and directness. Li Qingzhao concretized the abstract sadness into a weighty entity. The twists and turns are vivid, ingenious and euphemistic, which writes a complex artistic conception.
3. Widowhood: describes the loneliness and misery in his later years.
In Li Qingzhao's life, the most vivid expression of her mood in her later years is "speaking slowly". This dictionary typifies the author's wandering life, bleak situation and sad inner world after crossing the south, and has certain political and social significance.
The word begins with fourteen overlapping words, "looking for it, cold and bright, sad." This is a pioneering work. Later, "it is the hardest to stop breathing when it is warm and cold", and he went one step further. "How can you beat him with three glasses and two pale wines? You will be anxious if you come late! " That is to say, the meaning of "raising a glass to eliminate sorrow is more worrying" and the three sentences of "crossing the goose's sorrow is an old friend's acquaintance" simply point out the meaning of fourteen overlapping words, which seem light, but actually strong.
Xia Gan's ci continued to describe loneliness and sadness: "Yellow flowers are piled up on the ground, haggard and damaged. Who can pick it now? " Looking out the window, how can you be dark alone! "They all use vulgar language and give people fresh ideas." The word "black" is very dangerous and difficult to rhyme, but it is safe and natural here. Finally, say a few words: "The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence! " The overlapping of tongue sound and tooth sound is the sad situation that the poet intentionally uses this tone to express "things are wrong", which makes people enchanted. "The picture behind is full of magic, and the more you sing, the better" (Chen Tingzhuo's White Jade Zhai Thorn), and "dribs and drabs" are used again, echoing the previous fourteen overlapping words. The word "Li Qingzhao" is a masterpiece that has been handed down through the ages.
When Li Qingzhao was old and widowed, she felt the old-fashioned "eternal romance": "The sunset melts gold, and the twilight clouds meet the wall. Where are people? Dye willow smoke and play plum flute. What do you know about spring? Is there no wind and rain when the weather is harmonious during the Lantern Festival? Come and greet BMW and thank his drinking buddies and poems. //In the heyday of Zhongzhou, boudoir was free, so remember to focus on three to five. Pave the green crown, twist the golden snow willow, cluster and fight for Chu. Now I am haggard, windy and frosty, and I dare not go out at night. I don't know where to go, under the curtain, listening to people laugh. "
In this poem, Li Qingzhao recalls the lively scene and happy life of Zhongzhou Lantern Festival, and compares the sadness and loneliness of the current festival, expressing the bitterness of being lonely for half a life, and the sadness and deep sorrow for the loneliness of the motherland. Therefore, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Chenweng said in the preface to The Song of Eternal Sorrow: "I recited Li Yian's Song of Eternal Sorrow from Yihai, and I shed tears for it. It has been three years now, and every time I hear this word, I can't help myself. " It can be seen that the influence of this word is great and touching.
Since the south crossing, the cruel reality and the wandering life have broadened Li Qingzhao's horizons, deepened her experience and enriched the contents of her works. Obviously, the main line of ci creation throughout this period is not only lamenting personal misfortune, but also blazing patriotic enthusiasm and caring for the country and the people. The romantic ci is full of heroic and passionate spirit.
The word "fisherman's lofty sentiments" is magnificent and bold, not inferior to Su Shi's and Xin Qiji's bold words. Huang Liaoweng, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire: "This seemingly rambling work is actually elegant without a trace of powder, which is the wind of the Northern Song Dynasty." It can be seen that Li Qingzhao has diversified characteristics in the artistic style of Ci.
1 155, Li Qingzhao lived a lonely life, and died of depression with the loneliness of "working hard all night" and the grief of "killing Zhou".
Looking at Li Qingzhao's ci poems in this period after crossing the south, lonely and sad feelings flowed from beginning to end. In the face of the decline of the motherland's mountains and rivers, she felt extremely sad, and she was even more helpless at home and the death of her husband. For her, whether it is day or night, it is long and sad. She often tastes loneliness alone, letting pain and loneliness devour her soul, so when she is hurt, she feels sad. She integrated her deep tragedy into her own words, so these hurtful words, such as Wuling Spring, slow voice, everlasting regret, lonely goose and so on. It can really be described as blood and tears, sobs, sadness and shock, but it can't move or stop "a thousand tears"
During the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao's ci style showed different characteristics because of the change of his living environment. The so-called literature comes from life and is higher than life. It can be said that all Li Qingzhao's ci works constitute a masterpiece describing the changes of human nature and showing the history of the soul. From her poems, we can deeply feel the great turning point of Li Qingzhao's life and thought. From her ci works, we can gradually infer that the double tragedy of society and family is the objective reason for Li Qingzhao's different ci styles. That uncertain and turbulent era will definitely change the author's style of ci.