"Xuanzhou sent Judge Pei Tan to Shuzhou when Mu wanted to return to the capital" is a work by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. This poem has eight lines and fifty-six words. It is not only a touching farewell poem, but also a famous poem describing the scenery.
"The sun is warm, the mud is melting, the snow is half gone, and the grass and horses are heard proudly by pedestrians." As soon as the poem is written, it uses bright colors and simple brushstrokes to outline a "farewell picture in the spring suburbs": an early spring In the morning, the warm sun shines on the earth, most of the snow has melted, the thawed road is covered with mud, the winter-old weeds have sprouted new shoots, and the wilderness is green. The horse that was about to start kicked its hooves excitedly, snorted, and raised its head and neighed from time to time, as if urging its owner to go on the road. These two lines of poems not only describe the scenery, they also describe the time and environment of farewell, and exaggerate the atmosphere of farewell.
The third and fourth sentences show two more beautiful scenes: "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhuashan Road, Liufu Bridge in Qingyijiang Village." One is the suspenseful cloud-shrouded Jiuhuashan Road, the temple The universe disappears and appears. Jiuhua Mountain is one of the four famous mountains of Chinese Buddhism and is known as the "Fairy City of Buddhism". The mountain is located in the southwest of Qingyang in Chizhou (now part of Anhui) and is the only place to go from Xuanzhou to Shuzhou. "Jiuhua Mountain Road" hints at Pei Tan's itinerary. One picture is of Qingyijiang Village surrounded by green water, with willow trees gently blowing on the bridge in the spring breeze. Qingyi River is in the west of Xuancheng, with blue water and beautiful scenery. "Qingyijiang Village" points out the farewell location. "Yunzhe Temple" and "Liufu Bridge" best reflect the local scenery and seasonal characteristics, and at the same time reveal the poet's concern for his friends' long journey and his attachment when saying goodbye. Here, figurative descriptions are used instead of monotonous and lengthy narratives, and the language is concise, beautiful and full of charm. Two sentences describe the mountains, one describes the waterside, one describes the distance, and one writes the near. The quiet scene contains movement, and the picture is vivid and vivid, making people feel immersed in the scene. The above four sentences describe the scene, introduce the environment without revealing any trace, explain the time and place of farewell, and hint at the process of the event. The technique is very clever. The last four sentences express the feeling of farewell with the help of the scenery, which also shows the poet's artistic ingenuity.
"Your wishes are as high as those of a grand master, but my heart is shaking with uncertainty." It describes the different moods of the travelers and those who see them off. Yes, it's a distinct look. Not long after he became a Jinshi, Pei Tan felt proud and full of ambition, spreading his wings like a wild goose and flying high. Therefore, even in the moment of separation, we are still optimistic and cheerful. Du Mu's mood was different. His official career was ups and downs, and he was not very proud. Now I have to say goodbye to my friend, and when I hold hands at the end of the day, I feel that "my heart is shaking like a hanging flag with no end" ("Historical Records: Biography of Su Qin"), and a feeling of emptiness and loss arises spontaneously.
The last two sentences combine the two meanings of "sending Pei Tan off" and that he is about to "go to the official position and return to Beijing", writing: "We come together but we cannot go back together. The motherland is lonely every spring!" The two of them originally went from the capital to Xuanzhou to work together, but now they can't go back together. I think of how lonely they will feel after returning to the capital alone on this beautiful spring day!
The environmental description in the first half of the poem is in sharp contrast with the poet's melancholy mood in the second half: In the early spring in the south of the Yangtze River, the air is so fresh, the sunshine is so bright, the grass is so delicious, and the person (Pei Tan) is He was so suave and charming, enthusiastic and confident, and everything around him was pregnant with vitality and full of hope; but instead of feeling happy about it, he was stimulated, which deepened the pain in his heart. Here, the beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River is used to contrast the characters' full melancholy. There is a "backing" technique in flower and bird paintings, which is to apply white lead powder on the back of the painting silk to make the colors of the flowers on the front more beautiful and attractive. This poem describes the scenery wonderfully, and it is precisely this "contrast" technique that is used.