the Tang Dynasty
Du Fu
A cold wind is blowing from the distant sky. What are you thinking, old friend? ?
The geese never answered me, and the rivers, lakes and seas were flooded by rain.
A poet should be careful to prosper, but the devil can trouble a vagrant.
It should be * * * murder. Throw him the poem, where he drowned himself in the Milo River.
Precautions:
1, the end of the day: still the horizon;
2. Gentleman: refers to Li Bai.
3. Sentence: It means that people with literary talent are always unlucky and taboo.
4. Charming sentence: It means that the ghost of the mountain god is waiting for you to pass by, so that you can come out and swallow it, just like "there is water to pass through, they are wild and toss, if you fall, there are dragons and river monsters". One hates the other, so the poet has no place to live.
5, it should be * * * sentence: Because Qu Yuan was wronged and died by throwing himself into the river, he had * * contact with Li Bai and had to go to Yelang through Miluo, so there should also be a place for * * * to talk.
6. Miluo: Miluo River, where Qu Yuan sank, is in Xiangyin County, Hunan Province.
Vernacular translation:
A cool breeze is blowing gently from Yelang in the horizon,
You are in a good mood, old friend.
When can Hongyan deliver your message?
There are always stormy waves in the depths of rivers and lakes!
People with literary talent are often unlucky and taboo.
Ghosts are gratifying and can be eaten as food.
You have a grudge against Qu Yuan,
Please don't forget to throw poems in memory of the Miluo River!
Brief comments:
In the second year of Zhide (757), Li Bai exiled Yelang for his involvement in Wang Yong's crime and went to Wushan for forgiveness. Du Fu wrote this poem in two years (759). He wanted to be Li Bai as soon as possible. Assuming that he was passing through Miluo, he used Qu Yuan as a metaphor. In fact, Li has been forgiven by this time and has gone boating in Dongting.
I miss my old friend because of the cool breeze, and I miss my old friend because of autumn geese. Scholars attach importance to each other, and the blind date ends on paper.
Appreciation of Li Bai's Three Farewell Seven-character quatrains
A gift for Wang Lun.
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love.
"I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and the dragon label was sent from afar."
After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams.
I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from Yellow Crane Tower.
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
Li Bai is the most handsome ancient scholar we know. These three seven-character quatrains are a farewell poem "To Wang Lun", a distant poem "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and a farewell poem" On the way to send Meng Haoran to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower ". Although the theme is different, it expresses Li Bai's childlike innocence to his friends.
When sending Yuan Er to Anxi
The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west.
Wang Wei sent Yuaner to Anxi, a little sad. In the Tang Dynasty, Anxi was the protector of Xinjiang today. It was a rather desolate place at that time. "I advise you to drink more wine, there is no reason to go out to the west." After drinking this cup of wine, there will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan. This poem expresses the sadness of the author's departure.
Gao Shi's Farewell to Shen Siyi is very profound.
Appreciation of Gao Shi's Don't Move Big (1)
Like a bird, she still flapped her wings and felt sorry for herself, leaving Beijing for more than ten years.
Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone in the world doesn't know you.
Make an appreciative comment
Dong Da, namely Dong, was a famous pianist in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. The second song of Gao Shi's Biedongda said: "Six purlins have no pity, and they have been away from Luo Jing for more than ten years. My husband's poverty should not be enough. I have no money to buy wine today. " Judging from the content of the poem, these two works should be regarded as farewell works for Gao Shi and Dongda to meet after a long separation, and then they parted ways after a short party. Moreover, both of them are in a difficult situation, and the intersection of poverty and humility has its own meaning. The second poem can be understood like this. The first song is broad-minded, expresses the old tune, sweeps away the lingering sadness, and is magnificent, comparable to Wang Bo's "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor".
"Thousands of miles away in Huang Yun, the sun is shining, the north wind is snowy." The first two sentences describe the natural scenery at the time of farewell. Huang Yun blocks the sun for thousands of miles, leaving only a small corner of the sun. After nightfall, the north wind started again and the wind roared. Accompanied by sweeping snowflakes. A flock of geese flew through the air and headed south. The realm expressed by these two sentences is far and wide, and it is a typical northern snow scene. "A thousand Li", some books are called "Ten Li", although it is a word difference, the realm is far from it. In winter in the north, green plants wither, and withered branches are not enough to cover your eyes, so your vision is very wide and you can see thousands of miles away. Saying "Huang Yun" is also typical. It's cloudy, and with these two words, it's decided that there will be "daytime", "north wind" and "snow in succession". With this understanding, the first two sentences show that the author did not rush to put pen to paper, and the poetic language naturally flowed out after painstaking brewing. Although these two sentences objectively describe the scenery, they also show the mood of farewell and the poet's temperament and mind everywhere. It's easy to cause people's sadness at dusk, but at present, the poet is bidding farewell to Dongda University, and we can imagine his attachment. Therefore, although the first two sentences are far and wide, they are not without bitterness and coldness; But Gao Shi, after all, is distinguished and gifted, and can't extricate himself from the sadness of parting. He can control his feelings with reason, and write an impassioned and magnificent voice with another mind.
"Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and the whole world doesn't know you?" These two sentences are encouragement to Dongda University. Saying "Mochow", saying that there is a confidant in the road ahead, and saying that everyone knows the monarch, as a farewell, is enough to cheer people up and cheer their hearts. It is said that Dong Da was once known to Prime Minister Gui Fang for his exquisite piano skills. Cui Jue once wrote a poem and lamented: "The seven-stringed cold has five tones, and this skill has been difficult since ancient times. Only Henan Housing Law has always pitied Dong Lanting. " This tells us that Dong Dayu is a bosom friend and a senior official, so the realm of poetry is relatively narrow. These two sentences by Gao Shi are not only closely related to Dong Dawei's special position as a famous pianist, but also reflect the meaning that there are no poor friends in life and friends everywhere in the world. This poetic scene is wider and deeper than Cui Jue's. Cui's poems are only the material of pianist's life experience, while Gao's poems are artistic treasures.
Wang Changling is a frontier poet, but he also wrote many farewell poems, which is very good. There are only more than 180 poems left, including 50 farewell poems, which shows a relatively large proportion.
Send sinus seven
The moonlight on Qingjiang River is near Lin Qiu, with a boat and sparkling. E-bamboo sail must be delivered early, and the bright moon by the river is reserved for you.
Send firewood to serve the palace.
The waves in Yuanjiang are connected to Wugang, so it's not sad to leave. There is sex and rain in the green hills, and there is no hometown in the bright moon.
Farewell Xin Jian at the Lotus Pavilion
Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan! Friends and relatives in Luoyang are the same, and there is ice in the jade pot.
Appreciation of Li Bai's Three Farewell Seven-character quatrains
A gift for Wang Lun.
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love.
"I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and the dragon label was sent from afar."
After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams.
I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from Yellow Crane Tower.
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
Li Bai is the most handsome ancient scholar we know. These three seven-character quatrains are a farewell poem "To Wang Lun", a distant poem "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and a farewell poem" On the way to send Meng Haoran to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower ". Although the theme is different, it expresses Li Bai's childlike innocence to his friends.
"Li Bai boarded the boat to go, suddenly listening to the singing on the shore. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun. ". Li Bai is really an informal person. There are thousands of poets in China. How many of them can write their own tuba at the beginning of a poem? Because this poem is about a simple emotion, Li Bai lost all manners. He has got on the boat and is about to leave Taohuatan. In the sound of friends saying goodbye, suddenly there was a cheerful song from the shore. When everyone was surprised, looking back, I didn't expect Wang Lun. He skipped to the scene, singing cheerful songs. Perhaps according to common sense, friends should feel sad and busy cherishing each other, but this person is uncharacteristically singing and dancing. What is it like? Who knows that this seems a bit unreasonable, but it is exactly what Li Bai wants. When we are together, we will get along sincerely. If we break up, we will break up happily. What's the point of being sad together? However, in front of everyone, Li Bai couldn't spoil everyone's fun, so he turned modestly and said, "Even if the water in Taohuatan is a few thousands of feet deep, it can't catch up with Wang Lun's feelings!" Li Bai's implication is not that it is not good for me to persuade everyone to say goodbye, but to gently advise everyone not to be too sad and heavy when breaking up. Such a confession will not cool everyone's hearts, but also make the atmosphere of seeing them off active. Li Bai waved goodbye to everyone with a happy mood and left this peach blossom pool that left him with good memories. This little poem also made a much-told story, leaving many charming remains around Taohuatan. For example, on the east bank of Tantan, there is a pavilion called "Walking on the Ancient Shore".
The language of this poem is easy to understand, but it has an unforgettable artistic effect. Emperor Qianlong's evaluation of this poem is, "The words are close to the feelings, and the five strings see the beauty of Hong Fei in the hand." "Looking at Hong Fei with Five Strings" is a famous sentence in Ji Kang's poems of the Six Dynasties. That kind of seemingly casual, but in fact unrestrained expression, so that many scholars in ancient and modern times are convinced and sighed. In addition, three or four sentences in the poem take thousands of feet Taohuatang as a reference to measure Wang Lun's affection for seeing him off. Li Bai compares an abstract feeling with vivid things, so that people are not limited to specific images, but let readers get information by themselves. Shen Deqian of A Qing Dynasty appreciated these two sentences very much. He pointed out: "If Wang Lun's love is compared to thousands of feet, it is a common language, and fairyland is just a transition." So the word "less than" is also quite clever. It's not a direct metaphor for thousands of feet, but it can't be said. So how deep is it? Anyone can draw his own conclusion according to his own feelings about life, and in the process of re-creation, this little poem is deeply imprinted in the reader's mind.
The title of this seven-character quatrain poem, "I heard that Wang Changling moved Zuo Biaolong, and it was sent from afar", is quite strange compared with many poems circulated by many people. Moving to the left is actually demoting officials, and the ancients were still right, so it is called moving to the left. Long Biao, now Qianyang County, Hunan Province. According to "The Biography of Literature and Art in the New Tang Dynasty", Wang Changling was demoted as a county captain of Longbiao because of "carelessness", that is, today's informality. As for his character, Wang Changling himself is very confident. His famous sentence "Farewell to Xin Qiji at Furong Inn" is also written in the Four Wonders, and everyone is familiar with it. The whole poem goes like this: "The cold rain entered Wu at night, and I saw Fujian for no reason. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot. " He compares himself to a piece of ice heart, which shows that his pure heart has not changed a little because of unexpected troubles. As his friend, after learning of his misfortune, Li Bai specially wrote this poem for Wang Changling to express his infinite concern and sympathy for his friends.
"Huayang is full, and Wendaolong crosses five streams." The opening of the poem is not a simple description of what Li Bai saw and heard at that time, but a kind of comparative charm of "talking about other things first, giving a speech and singing". The scenery of "Huayang" has always had an erratic feeling in poetry, while the crying cuckoo calling "It is better to go home" gives people a sad association. Zigui is a cuckoo. Among the countless beautiful scenery in late spring, Li Bai singled out "the fallen flowers of teenagers" and "the crying of children's rules" to point out the seasons. His feeling of depravity and hatred of being displaced are all from paper, which makes people sad. Moreover, when I was young, the flowers had "fallen" and were blown into the water and stepped into the soil by the wind, which was simply terrible. Why are poets so sad in the face of late spring? "Wen Daolong crosses five streams" is one reason. Li Bai heard that Wang Changling was demoted, and the ancient information was blocked. When Li Bai knew the news, he put his finger on it. Probably Wang Changling has gone, and most of them are on their way to the relegated land. These five streams are located in the west of Hunan, and they are the general names of Manxi, Youxi, Wuxi and Chenxi in Xiong Xi. In the first half of the poem, I only said that I saw all the flowers. I only said that I heard Zi Gui's tears of blood. I only said that I imagined Wang Changling wandering in the barren hills and rotten waters of western Hunan. I couldn't say a word of grief and indignation, but I already saw grief and indignation. After the foreshadowing, the last two sentences are straightforward, "I send my sadness and bright moon, and I will always follow you until Yelangxi." Yelang is located in the west of Zhijiang County, Hunan Province, in Qianyang, south of West Wang Changling, Longbiao County. Friends are banished to the end of time, and they can't be with each other. They had to entrust Xi-feng with their worries and the bright moon in the sky, and give them to "Tianya reduced people". Sorrow is Li Bai's sympathy and worry about his friend's demotion. It should be sent to comfort his friend in trouble, but what does the bright moon represent? Li Bai didn't say it clearly, which left a rich imagination space for Wang Changling and later readers. Or on behalf of Li Bai's love for his friends, because since ancient times, whether it is the full moon or the first month, it is a symbol of homesickness written by literati. Needless to say, Su Shi's "I hope people will live for a long time, but before Li Bai", and Xie Zhuang's "Beauty is invisible in the sound and dust, and the moon is thousands of miles away" (Yuefu), and Zhang's "I don't know each other at this time, and I hope to spend the moon and shine on you" (moonlight on the spring river). Li Bai wants to invite this round to take photos of the bright moon in two places to convey his sincerity to his friends. No matter what others will think of you, I know that your heart is like a bright moon and you are determined to be noble; The moon can see you and me wherever I am. Through the poet's artistic imagination, the ignorant moon has thus become the spiritual link between Li Bai and Wang Changling. This little poem has also become the best example of Li Bai's childlike innocence.
"An old friend resigned from the Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. The lonely sail is far from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. " This is a freehand farewell picture by the river. The Yellow Crane Tower, one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, is located in Jitou, Huang Qi, Sheshan, Wuhan. Guangling, now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, was under the jurisdiction of Guangling County in Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, that is, the poem "Lower Yangzhou". This poem is Li Bai's, and it is also one of the most touching farewell poems in Tang poetry, but there is not a word in the whole poem that mentions leaving feelings and not hating. Therefore, Tang Ru said that this poem is "very perceptive, leaving the horizon, feeling disappointed, beyond words." The first two sentences of this poem are narrative. Of course, there is no romance. Is the implication full of "forgetting one's life"? An old friend, of course, means an old friend. Meng Haoran was an old poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Born in the first year of Yongchang (AD 689) after Wu, he was twelve years older than Li Bai and died in the 28th year of Kaiyuan (AD 740). When Meng Haoran died, Meng Haoran was an "idle person" and had never been an official in politics for almost his whole life. He only served under Zhang Jiuling when he was demoted to Jingzhou Changshi after the strike, which is rare among famous poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. But Li Bai has great respect for Meng Haoran. He once wrote a passage to Meng Haoran: "Master, I sincerely salute you, and your fame has risen to the sky. In the rosy youth, you gave up the importance of hats and chariots and chose pine trees and clouds; Now, whitehead. " Meng Haoran's carefree life, like a wild crane, and Li Bai, who loves freedom and is in the prime of life, can be said to be at home, so they have become friends for years. Now this respectable "old friend" is going to leave, bid farewell to the historical site of the Yellow Crane Tower. The reason why this building is mentioned again in the poem is probably because Li Bai once lingered on the Yellow Crane Tower with "Meng Fuzi" many times and forgot himself. Moreover, there are all kinds of myths and legends about the ancient fairy Zi 'an riding a yellow crane, which also adds some reverie to Meng Haoran's departure. In this dream-like season of fireworks and spring scenery, at the foot of the Yellow Crane Tower, Master Meng was sent down the river to the famous Yangzhou City, a paradise on earth. This man is a contemporary celebrity, and your reputation has greatly increased; At this time, it was the golden age of the Tang Dynasty. This scene, and every spring in March, from the Yellow Crane Gu Lou to the ancient city of Yangzhou, up and down the river, how many endless scenery, all this is so fascinating and fascinating. The first two seemingly dull narratives contain how rich Li Bai's inner world is. At this point, how many words does he want to say to Meng Haoran? Think about it. In his poem "To Wang Lun", "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, so it is better for Wang Lun to give it to me", which is really a moment. At this moment, Li Bai may not join hands in singing, dancing and singing to bid farewell to Meng Haoran. Not only did he not "step on the song" when he broke up, but even after Meng Haoran had left the boat, he stood silently by the river and watched Meng Haoran's river boat sail eastward until it disappeared. "Lonely sails sail in the blue sky, only the Yangtze River flows." The last two sentences of the poem are about scenery, not lyrical, of course, but the implication is full of "disappointment". At first, it was under the Yellow Crane Tower, on the bank of the Yangtze River, with Meng Haoran on board and Li Baili on the shore. The two poets said goodbye. Gradually, the ship left the dock and drifted away, and the figure of friends could not be seen clearly. In the distance, there is only a lone sail in the middle of the river, sailing down the river. Finally, there is no sail, only the endless surging river at the foot is still moving silently towards the horizon of friends. Li Bai stood by the river watching the sail shadow until it disappeared and never left. It can be seen that for a long time, he was staring at the river boat on which his friend was riding. It was not until it disappeared that he noticed that the spring water was flowing to the horizon where the water and the sky met. Although this is a scene, who can say that it is not lyrical? Li Bai has integrated his infinite attachment to his friends into the distant Jiang Fan and into the surging river. People feel a distant realm with exhausted words and infinite meaning.