Qin Zhongyin·Qingfei
Bai Juyi
The road is full of arrogance, and the saddle and horse shine on the dust. If I ask what he is doing, he is called an internal minister.
Zhu Fu is a doctor, and Zi Shou is a general. He boasted about going to a banquet in the army and rode away like clouds.
The bottle overflows with nine treasures, and contains eight treasures of land and water. The fruit is broken into Dongting oranges, and the Tianchi scales are cut into pieces.
Feeling satisfied after eating and feeling refreshed by drinking wine. It was a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou were cannibals!
"Light Fatty" is the representative work of Bai Juyi, the seventh poem in the famous poem "Qin Zhongyin", and the first title is "Morning in the South of the Yangtze River". He once said in a poem that the reason why he wrote "Qin Zhong Yin" was because "recalling the Yuan and early days of yesterday, I was prepared to admonish the officials. It was the time when the soldiers were in a certain period, and the people were haggard. But the people were suffering from illness, and they did not know the time. Taboo. Then he wrote "Qin Zhong Yin", "Yi Bei Yin" "Dihe is the reign name of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, from 806 AD to 820 AD, in the 15th year of the First Emperor, Bai Juyi served as Zuo Shiyi in the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808). , who is the admonisher he mentioned above. When he was serving as Zuo Shiyi, he saw many unreasonable social phenomena at that time, which were somewhat inconvenient to discuss in the court, so he wrote "Qin Zhong Yin" with "one sad chant and one incident".
Maybe ordinary readers are a little confused about the title of this poem "Light Fat" and don't know what it means. In fact, this word has quite a history. It comes from "Yong Ye" in the book "The Analects of Confucius". "Ride on a fat horse and wear light fur." ??It means that you are riding on a vehicle pulled by a tall horse and wearing a light and warm fur robe. Therefore, the title of Bai Juyi's poem "Light Fat" refers to the eunuchs driving carriages and swaggering through the city in the poem. Indeed, in the opening remarks of the poem, as soon as the characters in the poem appeared on the stage, the air of luxury came to their faces, "The road was full of pride, and the pommel and horses illuminated the dust." They appeared in luxurious carriages, Being the first to win is unparalleled. The "arrogance" of "spirit" can actually "fill the road", and the "light" of "pommel horse" can also "illuminate the dust"! These two sentences of description can be said to be the finishing touch and come alive. When a group of them are running rampant in the market as if no one else is watching, people on the street can't help but ask each other as they retreat, what do these arrogant people do? "I'd like to ask 'what is this person'? They are called 'inner ministers'." Those in the know say that they are actually just eunuchs in the palace, but people who don't know still don't understand. To say that eunuchs are just the emperor's family Slave, where does this great prestige come from? It turns out that this group of people are not ordinary little eunuchs who do menial tasks, but important officials in the court who are deeply favored by the emperor. "Zhu Fu is a doctor, and Zi Shou is a general." Each of them is not in an important position. Becoming a "doctor" means holding military power and worshiping a "general". "Zhu Fu" originally refers to the red knee-covering on ancient official uniforms. Here it refers to Fei Yi, which was worn by officials above the fifth rank in the Tang Dynasty. "Jiu Dafu" indicates that all the visitors are important officials in the court;" "Purple Ribbon", a purple ribbon with seals and jade ornaments, was the costume of the second and third-rank officials and above in the Tang Dynasty. This group of people here is said to be generals with military power. With such a low status as an eunuch, once he has the power, how can he not become arrogant and arrogant? Therefore, on the road, it is natural and inevitable to be arrogant and gallop at will.
The writing method of this poem draws on Du Fu’s new Yuefu poems. For example, the method of first describing and then highlighting in the first paragraph is exactly the same as Du Fu’s famous poem "The Troops and Chariots". "Xing" first reproduces the scene of "cars rattling, horses rustling" through scene description, and then elicits the truth of the matter through the question and answer period, "Passengers passing by the road ask pedestrians, and pedestrians only know what they are doing." Bai Juyi's New Yuefu is the inheritance and development of Du Fu's realist poetry tradition. Therefore, there are similarities in both the critical edge and the way of expression.
"Praise for attending a banquet in the army, and go as fast as the clouds." In the army, it refers to the Shence Army. This is the imperial army that protects the emperor, and its status is naturally very important. The phrase "praise to go" is the boastful and proud words of these people who "ride on fat horses and wear light fur". What we are going to rush to now is the banquet of the famous Shence Army. It is impossible for you common people to compete with us when we come here. On the same day, if you don't get out of the way quickly and waste my time, who can afford it? For a moment, all I could hear was horses neighing and people barking, and all I could see was galloping like clouds. In the blink of an eye, they were all gone, leaving only the dust all over the street. These two sentences echo the beginning of "The road is full of arrogance, and the pommel horse shines on the dust". They are both the inside and outside of each other. They outline the arrogance of this group of eunuchs who are strong on the outside and the ugly faces of the hollow inside. After reading this, I really feel. It makes people laugh and cry, and sigh with admiration.
Next, with a twist of the pen, it is the scene of this group of people at the banquet, "Zun? (lei〈雷) overflows with nine brews, water, land and eight treasures. 国昘 (bo〈sound, pronounced as Mint (thin) Dongting orange, cut Tianchi scales. "Zun?, wine utensil; Jiuzheng, the name of the wine. According to the first volume of "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes", the wine is made on the first day of the first lunar month every year and is stored until August. , so it is called Jiu Ling. Bazhen, eight exquisite cooking methods in ancient times, were very popular at palace banquets in the Tang Dynasty; Du Fu's new Yuefu poem "Beauty's Journey" also talked about the Yang brothers and sisters who were also influenced by it when they were having a banquet by the Qujiang River. In the banquet given by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, "the imperial chef came to present eight delicacies". Break, to cut something open with your fingers. Dongting tangerines are oranges produced in the Dongting Mountains of Taihu Lake. They are extremely valuable and were used as tributes in the Tang Dynasty.
Tianchi is another name for the sea. It is said in "Zhuangzi·Xiaoyaoyou" that "the one in Nanming is Tianchi." The banquet in the Shence Army was indeed extraordinary. They drank carefully brewed mellow wine and ate the best food in the palace. Among the delicacies brought to us, the fine tribute oranges produced in Taihu Lake were peeled by hand, and the rare seafood from Tianchi was picked up with chopsticks. These four lines of poems are written in the same way as the previous ones. They all use ostentatious rhetorical means to exaggerate the luxurious ostentation of the "military banquet" and echo their behavior of running wildly in the city, which shows that these "ministers" He is so confident that he can do whatever he wants, to the point where he has reached the highest level regardless of the situation. But they themselves are completely unaware of it, thinking that all these luxurious pomps and all the extravagant enjoyments are natural and natural. The question is, who gave them this lawless power? And once they achieve this social status, what kind of activities will they do? And what does all this mean? Let's look at their smug and arrogant faces at the banquet. "After eating, their hearts are full of contentment, and their spirits are invigorated." "It means that they are more arrogant than the "arrogant ones" on the street. The above fourteen sentences describe everything from galloping horses on the street to eating and drinking at the banquet. The author calmly shows readers what the "ministers" were doing in Chang'an City at that time. In the "military banquet" "The emperor had no scruples, but the citizens could only dare to be angry but dare not speak out against the behavior of these prominent "darlings" in the palace.
If it simply describes a picture of the arrogance and extravagance of the ministers, then people's eyes may only stay on the dissatisfaction with the eunuchs, and this is not the main purpose of Bai Juyi writing this poem. It looks at this social phenomenon that people were accustomed to at that time from a higher perspective, and it wants to trigger deeper thinking, that is, to put this urban enjoyment of the ministers into a broader context, that is, "is There was a drought in the south of the Yangtze River every year, and people in Quzhou were cannibals! , Jiangxi, Hunan, and Shannan suffered from drought. "The famine in the south lasted until the spring of the following year. Quzhou, now Qu County, Zhejiang Province. On the one hand, the "doctors" and "generals" are eating and drinking, and their brains are full of fat. On the other hand, the common people are starved of food and have no other options. "Cannibalism" is in sharp contrast to the luxurious scene of the previous military banquet, and the author is well aware that this iron fact is more combative than any condemnation or criticism, because as long as there is a little bit left Conscience cannot help but be filled with indignation at this extremely unreasonable social phenomenon, so there is no need for the author to stand up and express any opinions. Instead, he should just stop when he feels like it and stop at that. Its shocking power is enough to make people feel uncomfortable. Save the money. This is what Su Shi said: "Always do what you should do, and always stop when you have to." The previous large description of the ministers is to create a play-to-get effect. On this basis, the last two sentences of reminders will be summarized. It has an enlightening and enlightening effect.
On the surface, the author is telling people that the victims in the south of the Yangtze River have no way out and have no choice but to commit the human tragedy of "cannibalism". But in fact, he is denouncing the manipulators behind this tragedy, because, as mentioned above The mentioned "ministers" who squander the people's wealth and wealth are the real "cannibals" of this society!