Five Martyrs of the Left League refer to five left-wing revolutionary writers, Rou Shi, Hu Yepin, Yin Fu, Li Weisen and Feng Keng, who were killed by the Kuomintang on February 7, 1931.
Zhu Zheng, a scholar, claimed that the five martyrs of the Left Alliance were the victims of the inner-party struggle in China, and that they were arrested by the Kuomintang in Songhu and garrison headquarters at the "non-committee" meeting, which was really a snitch by Wang Ming's men.
Chinese name: Five Martyrs of the Leftist League
Five Martyrs of the Leftist League: Yin Fu, Feng Keng, Rou Shi
Five Martyrs of the Leftist League: Hu Yepin, Li Weisen
Occupation: Left-wing revolutionary writer
Representative works: Mother of Slaves, Go to Moscow
Representative works: Get Up Again and Baby Tower.
The "Five Martyrs of the Left-wing League" joined the Chinese Left-wing Writers' League in 193, and Li Weisen was also the director of the Central Propaganda Department of the Youth League.
Rou Shi, formerly known as Zhao Pingfu, was originally engaged in education and participated in the New Literature Movement. Started writing in 1923; In the summer of 1928, he went to Shanghai and had more contacts with Lu Xun. With the help of Lu Xun, he translated and introduced foreign literature, especially in Eastern Europe and Northern Europe, and edited publications such as Yusi, Morning Flower Xunkan and Germination Monthly, which had a positive impact on his creation. He once wrote works such as February and Being a Slave's Mother.
Hu Yepin started his literary activities in 1924. He co-edited People's Literature and Art, one of the supplementary issues of Beijing Daily, and published his works in this publication under the signature of Hu Chongxuan. In the spring of 1928, he arrived in Shanghai and began to read Marxist theory, and clearly served the revolution with literature. In the preface to Go to Moscow, he emphasized that creation should "grasp the reality of this era of struggle" and "go deep into proletarian society and experience their life and consciousness", which influenced his creation. He once wrote "Go to Moscow" and "The light is in front of us".
yin fu, formerly known as Xu zuhua, took the pen name Bai mang. He began to write poems around 1924, and in 1928, he wrote more, and quickly became a proletarian revolutionary poet. Yin Fu had an early relationship with the revolution and was arrested for the first time in Shanghai in April 1927. In 1929, he left school to specialize in the youth workers' movement, and his creation tended to reach a climax. He published many poems, essays and papers under the pseudonyms of Yin Fu, Bai Mang and Sha Fei. Lu Xun cherishes Yin Fu's poems very much. In the preface to "Baby Tower", he wrote: "This is the shimmer of the East, the whistling arrow in the forest, the bud at the end of winter, the first step to March, the great love for the predecessors, and the monument of hatred for the destroyers. All the so-called mature and concise works, quiet and secluded, need not be compared, because this poem belongs to another world. "
Li Weisen, whose pen name is Li Qiushi, is mainly engaged in practical work. Starting from the needs of the revolution, he has written many papers and essays, compiled the Collection of Revolutionary Songs, translated the biography Dostoevsky (that is, the Russian writer Dostoevsky), and also made some short literary comments and sporadic translations. He is not a member of the Left League, but he is closely related to the Left League.
Feng Keng mainly wrote lyric poems in his early days, but he wrote more novels after taking part in the revolutionary struggle, and his style changed.
related history
except Li Weisen, who has not formally joined the "Left League", but has a close working relationship, the other four are all members of the "Left League". On February 7, 1931, they were both killed by Kuomintang reactionaries in Longhua, Shanghai.
On February 7th, 1931, Hu Yepin, Rou Shi, Yin Fu, Feng Keng and Li Weisen, five writers of the "Left-wing League", together with another nineteen party member, were secretly shot and killed by the Kuomintang in Shanghai Longhua. On January 7th, garrison headquarters, the Kuomintang (KMT), arrested five people and then killed them on charges of' * * * production elements' and' propaganda of red'.
The full name of the "Left-wing Writers' League of China" was established on March 2, 193. It was established on the basis of the Creation Society, members of the Sun Society and the writers under Lu Xun, and gathered almost all the elites of left-wing writers in China at that time to form a literary group that resisted the Kuomintang government's cultural "encirclement and suppression" policy, built Marxist literary theory and promoted the popularization of literature and art. Writers of the "Left League" not only responded to the cultural "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang with words, but also directly participated in the political struggle with the Kuomintang authorities. Many writers took to the streets, held public "flying rallies", "festival parades", "General League strikes" and even publicized "armed riots" in central cities, and paid the price of blood. While engaged in the actual revolutionary struggle, the martyrs actively engaged in literary activities, and created a number of valuable literary works with their own different struggle experiences and personal feelings, which played a positive role in the development of proletarian revolutionary literature in the early stage, among which Rou Shi's novels and Yin Fu's poems had a more prominent impact. After they were killed, the "Left League" issued a protest and declaration, denouncing the crimes of the reactionaries, which was supported by progressive forces at home and abroad.
related works
Lu Xun has written articles such as China proletarian revolutionary literature and the blood of its predecessors, and in memory of forgetting, deeply praising the revolutionary spirit and literary achievements of the martyrs. After the death of the "Five Martyrs of the Left League", Lu Xun felt extremely sad and indignant at their sacrifice. When he learned the bad news, he wrote a mourning text, pointing out that they "wrote the first article" for China's proletarian revolutionary literature with blood, and said: "As long as the masses exist and grow, the proletarian revolutionary literature will grow one day" ("Two-hearted Collection of China's proletarian revolutionary literature and the blood of their predecessors"). After many years, he wrote "In Memory of Forgetting" (1933).
the truth of death: infighting
"In fact, they (the five martyrs of the Left League) were not arrested in the activities of the Left League, nor were they killed as left-wing writers. They are victims of an inner-party struggle in China. " Zhu Zheng, a scholar, wrote in the book "A Man's Scream: Lu Xun 1881-1936". This undoubtedly revealed a little-known historical truth to people.
On January 7th, 1931, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in secret under the chairmanship of Mifu, head of the delegation of the Communist Party of China in China, with the aim of supporting Wang Ming to become the leader of the Communist Party of China. At the meeting, both Wang Ming and Bo Gu were added as members of the Central Committee, and Wang Ming even became a member of the Politburo. However, at the meeting, 26 people declared that the election was illegal and the meeting broke up.
On January 1th, three representatives of * * * International invited the opponents to a meeting to resolve their differences, but both sides still insisted on their original opinions and broke up in discord. Opponents such as Luo Zhanglong and Shi Wenbin immediately set up the "Extraordinary Committee of the Central Committee", referred to as the "Non-Committee". The revolutionary literary and art circles have also split. The China Revolutionary Literary and Art Alliance (hereinafter referred to as "Gewenlian"), a non-commissioned literary and art organization, was organized by Li Qiushi, and its members included Rou Shi, Hu Yepin, Yin Fu and others.
On January 17th, 1931, the "African Commission" held an enlarged meeting in the Oriental Hotel, but I didn't know that the whole meeting was surrounded by more than 5 plainclothes detectives. When everyone retreated from the meeting, they were all arrested, 29 people were arrested on the spot, and 12 people were arrested that night and the next day. Luo Zhanglong, a member of the "Non-Committee" who was unable to attend the enlarged meeting at that time, said in the article "Before and after the meeting of Shanghai Oriental Hotel" that this big arrest was obviously a traitor. Who told the secret? "There are generally two statements about this: one is that Gu Shunzhang, the head of the rebellious Central Special Branch, called to report; Another way of saying it is a student Tang Yu who returned from Moscow Oriental University. He is very close to Wang Ming. "
From the night of February 7th to the early morning of February 8th, 23 political prisoners were secretly executed in garrison headquarters, Longhua. Among them, Rou Shi, Yin Fu (also known as Bai Mang), Hu Yepin, Feng Keng and Li Qiushi (also known as Li Weisen) were originally members of the "Left League", and they were called "Five Martyrs of the Left League".