Twilight Don Bai Juyi
At dusk, in front of the independent Buddhist temple, the ground was full of Sophora japonica cicadas.
Generally, the heart is always bitter at four o'clock, and the time of heartache is autumn.
"Spring Village" Tang Bai Juyi
In February, the village garden was warm, and Dai Shengfei was among the mulberry trees.
Farmers plow old valleys, and silkworms pray for new clothes.
Cattle and horses are far from the wind, and chickens and dolphins are too rare.
At dusk, on the forest road, drums and flutes play for the gods.
Wang Jiangzhou Tang Bai Juyi
When Jiang Hui saw the double flower table, he knew it was Xunyang West Gate.
Or go to the lonely boat for three or four miles, hookah sand rain is about to dusk.
Wei Zihua Tang Bai Juyi
Your papers are quiet and the bells and drums are long.
Who is the companion sitting alone at dusk? Osmanthus fragrans purple is the opposite of Osmanthus fragrans purple.
Sand Last Month Tang Baorong
At dusk, Nansha ebbs, and the moonlight in autumn is covered with sand and the snow is clear.
Hydrology is neither smoky nor swaying, and the plain is cold and empty.
Du Fu in Tang Dynasty
Sorrow goes to the white stone, and the lonely city is carried on crutches. Rivers gather in continents, and the sky is clear.
Cang Ming's resignation cost Zhu Bi his life. He admired the yellow birds and threw them into the forest feathers.
Zuihua Song Yin Qingzhao
The mist is thick and the clouds are thick, and the days are sad. Kapoor is among the birds in the incense burner.
The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night.
Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves.
Do not die. West wind blinds, people are thinner than yellow flowers.
Li Shangyin Leyou Tomb in Tang Dynasty
In the evening, I was unhappy and drove to Gu.
Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.
Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty in the Book of Knowledge in China
Your writing is quiet, and the bell and drum tower are long.
Sitting alone in the dusk, who is the companion, Ziweihua vs Ziweilang.
Five Poems of Tang Du Fu's Ode to Monuments
Thousands of mountains and valleys are close to Jingmen, and girls grow up here.
She came out of the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk.
Shanyan Tanghanyu
The towering and steep rocks, narrow mountain roads like sheep intestines, and the dusk when bats are flying come to this temple.
When I climbed the steps of the temple and sat down, there was a field soaked in rain. The rain made the branches and leaves of banana rough and the mountain was more beautiful.
Modern poetry:
At this time, I can't hear the powerful claws of the sun. Walking on the ground, it is dark at this moment, and it is dusk at this moment. The dusk at this time is like a peeled and dried skin. -Munk's dusk
At dusk, some beauty floats in front of us. Every opening and closing makes the soul scream, the tired birds return to their nests, measure the journey of the sunset, and the whereabouts shelved by dusk gradually blur. When night falls, the moon and stars are clearly visible. -Xu Dongfeng "Dusk". Sunset "
Image analysis in Dusk: Mr. Zhu Guangqian said: "The nature of emotion is partly determined by people's quality, and the other part is determined by the environment that produces this emotion." The image of "dusk" is a natural environment that can breed special emotions. Throughout the ages, "dusk" has become the most common natural image in literary works, especially in classical poetry, such as "the fragrance of the moon at dusk" and "I look forward to my home, and the dusk is getting dark". "Dusk" frequently appears in China's classical poems, which accumulates the cultural psychology of the Chinese nation and embodies various emotions and life consciousness. Poets cultivate their own temperament in the dusk scenery of nature and let their hearts travel far in the beautiful shadow of dusk. There are many poems about "dusk" in ancient poetry, and "dusk" has many different names in ancient poetry. For example, the time indicator "Sunset" in "Sunset is far away, my humble abode is poor" describes a hazy emotional background for Liu Changqing's poems, and similar sentences include "But I look at my home and the twilight fades". Sunset is also called "color" by some poets. There is a poem in Li Bai's famous "Bodhisattva Man": "When color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried." The dusk in Li Bai's works seems to have abundant vitality and can sense the inner feelings of people climbing stairs. Dusk is also called "sunset" in classical poetry. Jia Dao is famous for his precise words. He wrote a poem about dusk, "Strange birds crow wildly, and the sunset scares pedestrians". Jia Dao expressed his unique sentimental experience of the sunset with a word "fear". Some poets call it "dusk" directly.
Other images:
I. Animals
1, cicada
Feeling the life experience and telling the sadness: "Chanting the Cicadas" by Robin, King of the Tang Dynasty: "Cicadas sing in the west, and visitors think deeply in the south. I can't stand the shadow on my temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner. His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ? "Singing in silence, exaggerating his deep homesickness in prison, every sentence can find the shadow of the poet's injustice and confidence in himself.
Farewell in pain, travel far in pain: Song Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling": "Cold cicadas are sad, it's late for Changting, and the shower begins to rest." Before describing the parting directly, an atmosphere was brewed that could touch the parting. Tang Luyin quoted "Late Cicada": "Hidden behind the high willows is an oblique view, which can make you feel lonely and sad about the past." I was afraid that the traveler's head would not turn white, so I moved the tree again and again and flew away with a sound. "It seems particularly difficult for pedestrians to write cicadas to draw sorrow with sound, and travelers take a trip and fly cicadas with them, which writes the poet's heavy mood of sadness all the way.
2. Hongyan?
Hongyan is a migratory bird, which moves southward every autumn, often causing homesickness and wandering sadness. For example, Tang Yili's "Smelling the flute on a Spring Night": "There are endless geese in Dongting all night, so don't wait for the morning to fly north." There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. For example, "The wild geese don't answer me, and the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Sky").
3. cuckoo?
Rhododendron, also known as azalea and nightingale, has a sad cry, which is often associated with sadness and homesickness in classical poetry. "The lonely pavilion is cold in spring, and the cuckoo is singing." In Qin Guan's ci, the sadness of the lonely pavilion is rendered by the voice of the cuckoo, which conveys the poet's sadness and homesickness. "The sage Zhuangzi daydreaming is bewitched by butterflies, and the monarch cries with cuckoos in spring", and Li Shangyin's poems express his ardent yearning through cuckoos. "What can you hear here in the morning and evening? Bai Juyi used the cuckoo's tears of blood to render the desolation of Jiangzhou and express his sadness of being demoted to Jiangzhou.
4. hey?
The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which easily evokes the association of hard journey and full of parting. Such as "the river is worried about the evening, and the mountain is deeply aware of the partridge" (Xin Qiji, "Bodhisattva Man?" Book Jiangxi stoma wall "); Maid-in-waiting seems to be full of spring palace, and now there are only partridges flying "(Li Bai's Visit to Yue Gu). Here, it also acts as a symbol of the scene of decline, and its sad cry often indicates sadness and decline.
5. Huang Wei?
Being good at singing is a symbol of spring. "A thousand miles of warblers sing green and red, and the water village is full of wine flags" (Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring"), and Du Mu wrote that the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful with orioles; "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and whose new swallow pecks at spring mud" (Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang)? Bai Juyi used orioles singing and swallows flying lightly to illustrate the coming of spring.
Second, plants
1, Liu
"Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, and folding Liu means keeping together. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of breaking willows to bid farewell, so "willow" means parting from sorrow. Xiaoya? Cai Wei: "Once upon a time, I was gone, and Yangliuyiyi. Now I am thinking that it is raining again. " Liu Yong's "Yulinling" has "where to get drunk tonight, and where to get rid of the wind in Yang Liuan" to express the sadness of parting. In Li Bai's "Memories of Qin E", there is "Qin Louyue, Liuse year after year, Baling died of grief." This is also a way to express sadness and parting.
2. Education and Industrial Mathematics (short for Mathematics in Education and Industry)
"Mei" has the characteristics of "cold tolerance", which poets use to express their aloof and unharmonious character. Lu You's Yongmei says, "Everything is mashed into mud and ground into dust, but the fragrance remains the same." Mo Mei written by Wang Mian, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "Don't praise it for its good color, just keep the air fresh and full of dry Kun." It shows that they are unwilling to go with the flow with plum blossoms. Plum blossoms bloom cold first, and then blossom fragrant. In Plum Blossom by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty, "A flower suddenly changes and a hundred flowers blossom." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself.
3. Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum, the flower of Ao Shuang, has a strong character and noble temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn shrubs are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are." It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers, but it's even more barren if all these flowers are gone. "Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character.
4. Lotus?
"Lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, and poetry conveys feelings. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus is picked in Nantang, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head and make lotus seeds, green as water. "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.
5. Indus River?
The Indus River is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Ren Yuan Xu Zaisi "Double Narcissus? Rain at night: "Autumn heard the sound of a leaf, and the little plantain was a little sad, dreaming of the third night." "With buttonwood leaves falling and rain hitting plantains, write down all your worries. Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.
6. Cao Fang?
Taking fragrant grass as a metaphor to keep hatred, Li Yu's "Qingpingle" says: "Keeping hatred is like spring grass, and it is still alive further." People can see the endless life without love, and the infinity of grass reflects the pervasion and recovery of love.
Take the analogy of fragrant grass as saying: "If there are few bosom friends, where can we find fragrant grass in the world" (Zhu Dunru's "Pride of Fisherman") and "Where can there be fragrant grass in the world" (Su Shi's "Butterfly Lovers"), don't say that fragrant grass is a bosom friend.
Time flies, life is short and time is precious. "Poor spring idle, cloudy and sunny. There are even clouds in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. If you ask where to find fragrant grass "(Zhu Dunru's A Lost Rope), cherishing fragrant grass means cherishing life.
Third, natural phenomena.
1, Mingyue?
The bright moon contains homesickness. For example, "Zhai recruited 300,000 people, and I looked back at the bright moon for a while" (Tang? Li Yi's "Joining the Army in the North") can't help but miss home; "Looking up, it turned out to be moonlight and sank back, suddenly thinking of home" (Tang? Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking") is extremely sentimental about longing for the moon; "The small building was easterly last night, and the old country was unbearable to look back at the middle of the month" (South Tang? Li Yu's Yu Meiren shows the unique pain of the monarch's national subjugation. The bright moon is the emotional sustenance. Such as Zhang Jiuling's hope and yearning for "the moon, now full of the sea, the horizon * * * at this time".
2. running water?
Running water can often cause people to sigh over the passage of time, long sadness and historical changes. "A hundred rivers go east to the sea, and when will they go west?" (Poems of Yuefu)? The poem of harmony) poets feel that time flies when they see running water; But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword, raising our glasses to eliminate our worries is even more worrying (Li Bai), "How much sorrow can you have, just like a river flowing eastward" (Li Yu The Mermaid) The continuous flow of water gives people helplessness; "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city to be lonely" (Liu Yuxi's Stone City). The running water recedes silently with a chill, giving people a sense of sadness that the old country is depressed and life is bleak.
3 dusk, sunset?
Sentimental sentiment: Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" "Indus raining, dripping at dusk. How can it be a sad word this time? " The evening is so cold and cheerless that poets are naturally lonely and sad. This kind of dusk sadness is often manifested in such sentimental scenes as parting, lovesickness and always being in my heart, such as "After dusk, the wine in Dongli is filled with fragrance" (Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flowers").
The late life sighs: "It's dusk alone, and it's stormy." (Lu You "Bu Operator? Yongmei ")
The sad moral of mourning the past is: "The west wind still shines, and the Han family is lost." (Li Bai's "Recalling Qin E")
4. Rain and smog in Mao Mao?
The drizzle and smoke filled the air, supporting the poet's boundless melancholy and depressed mood. "The continuous silk rain is as fine as sorrow (Qin Guan), and the drizzle is also filled with sorrow." But I looked home, the twilight was getting dark, and there was a sad mist on the river waves. "(Cui Hao) I couldn't go home, or I was wandering away from home, and I didn't know where my home was. The rising smoke made people feel a lot of sadness.
Fourth, seasonal festivals.
1. Mid-Autumn Festival
August 15 is a festival for the whole family to enjoy the moon, so most people miss their loved ones on this day. For example, Tang's "Looking at the Bright Moon at Fifteen Nights": "Tonight, people in white look forward to the bright moon. I wonder who Qiu Si will fall into? "
2. Chongyang
On the ninth day of September, the ancients took Nine shuyun as Yang. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ancients had the custom of climbing and drinking. As Du Fu wrote in "Nine Days": "Chongyang drinks a glass of wine alone, and when he is sick, he goes to the river to get a table."
3. Cold food
The day before in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the Cold Food Festival banned fire for three days, and every household banned smoking, which was related to cold, unhappiness and depression. For example, "there is no fire in the rain, there is no cold indoors, and the warbler sits alone on the river." (Cold Food for Shi Jing Brothers by Tang Wei Wu Ying)
4. Qingming?
The name of the March solar term is also the day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. For example, Du Mu's "Tomb-Sweeping Day": "It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die."
5. vegetation?
Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs. For example, "after walking ten miles in the spring breeze, the wheat will turn green." (Jiang Kui's "Zhou Yang Man") "Green grass, birds and flowers." (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang") "There are weeds and flowers next to Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset at Wuyi Lane is oblique." (Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane).
V. Specific location category
1, Changting?
In ancient times, there were pavilions on the roadside for travelers to stop to rest or see off. At that time, there were long pavilions in Shili and short pavilions in Wuli. "Changting" is an image that contains feelings of parting. Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man: "Where to return, the pavilion is shorter." Write a sad scene where people stay to see the low pavilion and no one comes back. Wang Shi's "The West Chamber": "Looking at the Shili Pavilion in the distance, you lose your muscles. Who hates it? " It is also the sadness of parting.
2. Nanpu?
Nanpu is common in the farewell poems of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which is full of feelings of parting and hatred. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" contains a famous sentence "Send Beauty to Nanpu". Fan Chengda's "Hengtang" also has: "Nanpu spring comes to a blue river, and the stone bridge and the tower are still two."
3. Nanshan?
Represents a secluded place. Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" contains "beans are planted in Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings", and "Drinking" contains "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely".
Most of the images in ancient poems have relatively fixed meanings. Grasping these implications is very beneficial for us to understand the ideological content of poetry and answer the question of poetry appreciation correctly. Most of the images in ancient poems have relatively fixed meanings. Grasping these implications is very beneficial for us to understand the ideological content of poetry and answer the question of poetry appreciation correctly.