Jiang Xue by Liu Zongyuan, a poet in Tang Dynasty.
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
Make an appreciative comment
Most of Liu Zongyuan's landscapes describe a kind of cold realm, in order to express his anguish and indignation when he was persecuted and relegated. This poem depicts a fisherman fishing alone in a cold river, expressing the indomitable character of the poet Yongzhen despite his loneliness after the failure of innovation.
The first two sentences "There are no birds in a hundred mountains and no footprints in a thousand paths" describe the snow scene, while "Qian Shan" and "Wanjing" are all exaggerations. There must be birds in the mountains and people on the road; But "birds fly away" and "people disappear" The poet used the scene of birds traveling far away to render a desolate and lonely realm. Although the word "snow" is not used directly, readers seem to see the overwhelming snow and feel the biting cold. This is a reflection of the bad political environment at that time.
Three or four sentences "a boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow" depict the image of a fisherman fishing alone in the cold river. In a place where there is heavy snow and almost no life, there is a lonely boat carrying a fisherman in hemp fiber and fishing alone on the snowy river. This fisherman's image is obviously a portrayal of the poet himself, which expresses the poet's lofty spirit of perseverance and integrity despite his loneliness after the failure of political reform.
This poem was written during my life in Yongzhou. This is a rhyming five-character quatrain. At first glance, it looks like a landscape painting: there are no pedestrians and birds in the cold snowy river, only an old man is alone, fishing silently. However, if we carefully taste, this clean, quiet and cold picture symbolizes the independent, clean and lonely life realm of the world.
First of all, it creates a rigorous and cold artistic realm. Literally, the phrase "a boat, a bamboo cloak" seems to be the focus of the author's description, occupying the main position of the picture. The fisherman sat alone in the boat, wearing a bamboo hat and fishing for a long time. The words "loneliness" and "independence" have shown that he is far away from the world, and even revealed his lofty and refined personality characteristics. The theme of the author's performance has been revealed here, but the author's interest is not enough, which carefully creates a vast expanse and silent artistic background for fishermen: the distant mountains stand tall and the trails are vertical and horizontal, but there are no birds in the mountains and the trails are nowhere to be found. Why is nature, which used to be boiling and noisy and full of vitality everywhere, so dead? A heavy snow swept through Qian Shan and covered the path. Birds can't fly, people can't. The cold brought by ice and snow has created a white and desolate world. This background strongly sets off the lonely and thin figure of the fisherman. How cold and lonely his mood should be at this moment! Here, the author describes the climate and scenery of fishermen when they fish by means of comparison and rendering. With a light pen, a light touch and a few words, it gives people a clean and cold lyrical atmosphere. His brushwork reaches the heavens and the earth, from the summit to the rivers, covering Wan Li. Shen Deqian commented that "clarity and preciseness have completely disappeared". Grain Rain said that "the snow scene is as good as it is now". What they mean is roughly the creation of the realm of this poem.
Secondly, it vividly reflects the author's psychological state of being unwilling to yield and feeling lonely after being relegated to Yongzhou. Zheng Gu, who was later than Liu Zongyuan, once wrote "Occasionally in the Snow": "The tea in the monk's house is wet and the wine in the karaoke room is weak. When the river came to Kanhua in the evening, the fisherman came back with a clean coat. " Even though he wrote a poem about a fisherman in the snow, his writing is very ordinary, but it lacks realm. The author did not integrate his subjective consciousness and distinctive personality, so Su Shi criticized him for "learning Chinese in the village" and praised Liu Zongyuan's last two sentences, saying, "Is there a gap in human nature?" Almost from heaven, out of reach! Su Shi's so-called "humanity" refers to the poet's emotional casting. The antonym of "there is a gap in human nature" is "there is no gap in human nature", which means that it has reached the highest realm of scene blending. We know that Liu Zongyuan was repeatedly denounced after the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation", but he always maintained a tenacious mental state. His "Eight Notes on Yongzhou" is about the scenery in the backcountry, with the theme as the main theme and deep placement. Every grass and tree shows his extremely lonely feelings. His lofty and refined personality is also displayed incisively and vividly. The fisherman in this poem is in a lonely and cold world, but he goes his own way and walks quietly in a lonely and deserted place. Isn't it admirable for its weather vane, its heroism and its unshakable mentality? Zhang, a contemporary poet of Liu Zongyuan, wrote "Fishing Songs", saying: "Egrets fly in front of Cisai Mountain, and peach blossoms are flowing and mandarin fish are fat. Green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle don't have to go back. " When Zhang chose spring flowers, the picture was beautiful and quiet, revealing the ease and freedom of "smokers". Unlike Zhang, Liu Zongyuan is a politician who insists on justice and stands on the soil full of contradictions and struggles. When he was sent into the cold and cool winter, people's mood was not just addicted to mountains and rivers. He also wrote a solemn and austere side, and his personality was particularly prominent.
Finally, the structure of this poem is exquisite. The title of this poem is Jiang Xue. But the author didn't get to the point when he wrote it. He first wrote about the quietness and sadness of Qian Shan Wanjing. Birds don't fly, pedestrians don't see. Then, with a change of pen, the image of a person fishing in a lonely boat was introduced. It is a positive question that the word "cold river snow" was not written until the end. Read the whole article again at the end. A feeling of being suddenly enlightened arises spontaneously. Vast sky, vast land, its distant scenery is very charming.
The artistic conception of this poem is very particular, and the poet uses contrast and contrast: the vastness of Qianshan sets off the loneliness and smallness; The silence of bird extinction contrasts with the old man's interest in fishing; The silence of the picture sets off the surging emotions of the characters. The lonely and independent old man is actually a portrayal of the poet's mood.
The scenery written in the poem is: peaks, no birds, no paths, and no human footprints. The whole land was covered with snow, and an old fisherman in hemp fiber and hat was fishing alone on the Han River. Look, what a vivid picture it is to fish alone in the cold river! What does this picture mean? As we all know, there will never be "pure" landscape poems or landscape paintings in works of art, in which there is always more or less relaxation and less expression of the author's feelings and realistic content. In fact, the best in landscape poetry, though full of flowers and birds, is full of mist, but every word must be like a scene, and the sound and taste are always sentimental. This poem is no exception. As long as you know Liu Zongyuan's life experience, you can see this.
There are hundreds of waves in the vast sea and thousands of miles of snow in the mountains.
From Li Shimin's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave in the Tang Dynasty.
I hate it too much beyond the Great Wall, and the ice in Jiaohe River has frozen.
There are hundreds of waves in the vast sea and thousands of miles of snow in the mountains.
Guard a dangerous bonfire, and the mountain leads to a high knot.
You roll around and drink horses out of the Great Wall.
The cold sand rides, and the new moon blows.
Chen Huyu fills the Qing Dynasty, and Qiang Di rhymes with golden pheasant.
The desert is absolutely embarrassing, and the car vibrates a lot.
A captain turned to Longdui, and the general turned to Mayi.
The atmosphere is foggy and quiet, and the stones are famous.
A man who can't have children is wearing a uniform, and the platform is triumphant.
Make an appreciative comment
Line, an ancient school. Wang Zhuo's "Bi Ji Man Zhi": "Therefore, Yuefu has songs, ballads, quotations, lines and songs." Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, was the most praised scholar and military commander among feudal emperors. In the old records of Emperor Taizong, Sun Zan said: "The wind of Zhenguan has been sung to this day." His literary martial arts can be imagined. According to the Chronicle of Emperor Taizong of the Old Tang Dynasty, "At that time, the sea gradually calmed down, and Emperor Taizong decided to learn from the scriptures and opened a literature museum for people from all directions to visit. Eight of the ten Jinshi, including platform secretary Langzhong Du Ruhui, are bachelors. Every time I straighten up with you, I will be gentle, discuss my righteousness with you, or leave at night. " Tang Taizong was diligent in writing and gradually formed a beautiful, profound and lively style of writing, which lasted for 300 years in the Tang Dynasty. In this poem, the poet describes the sadness and vastness of the frontier. In order to defend the territory, the poet led troops to war, plowed fields and swept holes to eliminate border troubles. His poems are full of confidence and pride in his country and nation. Chen Ziang, Gao Shi, Wang Changling and Li Bai's frontier poems have repeatedly expressed and expounded the tragic scenery beyond the Great Wall, feelings of going to war, making contributions and generosity. Therefore, this poem can be regarded as the origin of frontier poems in Tang dynasty, which is of great significance to enlighten the writing style of a generation.
"Cut the hate platform outside the Great Wall, and the river ice has frozen." Gee, sad. Jiaohe, the name of the northern river. Outside the Great Wall, the cold wind wailed bitterly, which was very desolate. When it crossed the river, the river was frozen. According to Records of the Old Emperor Taizong, when Emperor Taizong put down the rebellion in Song Jingang, in November of the following year (Wude), Emperor Taizong led the crowd to cross Longmen Pass on the ice. It can be seen that the tragic scene described in the poem was seen by the poet himself, and this poem must have been written at once.
"There are hundreds of waves in the sea, and thousands of miles of snow in the mountains." A Wang Yang sea, a desert. Waves and dunes undulate. On the vast desert, the sand dunes are continuous, and the shady mountains are snowy and stretch for thousands of miles. This couplet further describes the scenery beyond the Great Wall, which is magnificent and confusing, rendering a heroic feeling. His vision, his tolerance, really have the power to point the country and command the whole world, which is beyond the reach of many poets since then.
"Keep a dangerous bonfire, and the mountain leads the high festival." Tang, the distant frontier. High knots, flags. There was an emergency in the distance of the bonfire, so I sent troops to the frontier, and the mountains along the way led my flag. These two points clearly show that the army is going out to save the border, and the army is marching along the mountain road, as if the mountain is leading the team, indicating that the battle is very timely and will surely win.
"You roll around and drink horses out of the Great Wall." The wind blew the flag gently, and we lined up out of the Great Wall to drink water and let the horses go. Horses were the most important means of transportation in ancient wars. Drinking horses in a certain place is to fight and occupy the place. The Great Wall has been an important fortification since the Qin Dynasty. Poets dare to do things that predecessors dare not do and fight for the world. His pride in the world really makes future generations admire him. These two periods clearly show the meaning of galloping in space and taking the world as pasture.
"Cold sand rides, the new moon blows." The new moon blows, and the north wind blows. Cold desert, cavalry passing by, traces continuous; The biting north wind cut off the noise of the frontier fortress. This is about the difficulties and obstacles encountered on the way to enlistment.
"Chen Hu is a jade stopper, and Qiangdi is a golden pheasant." Jade plug, Yumen Pass. Golden pheasant, gong sound. Around Yumenguan, the noise of Hu invasion has disappeared, and Qiang people play flutes, knock on golden gongs, and sing and dance. As the army pointed out, the barbarians were frightened and the border area soon showed a peaceful and peaceful atmosphere. Not by force, but more by virtue, so Qiang people rely on song and dance to persuade. The Chronicle of Emperor Taizong of the Old Tang Dynasty said: "Naturally, all the fans in the northwest are respected as Tiankhan." It can be seen that Tang Taizong was very successful in dealing with the relationship with the border ethnic minorities, as can be seen from these two poems.
"The desert is absolutely embarrassing, and the cars are shaking." Desert. Desert. Fight, of weapons. Yeah, collection. Yuan Yi, vilen. Above the desert, vilen was stunned by the collection of weapons and passing cars. After the war in Pingyi, the army marched in triumph, and everywhere it went, the people were excited. The people have always supported the so-called "hanging the people and beheading the people" and the just war.
"Dewey is playing dragon stakes and the general is spinning Mayi." Longdui, Bailongdui, is now Kumutage Desert in Xinjiang. A senior colonel returned from Longdui, and the generals returned triumphantly from Mayi. These two sentences are intertextual, saying that victory is returned to the DPRK, and the names used are all border areas, which gives people a sense of reality. Later frontier poems often list a number of frontier place names in this way, although these areas are often unrelated to the events in the poem, and there is often no definite logical relationship between place names.
"The atmosphere is foggy and secluded, and the stone is famous." Ji, carved stone Ji Gong. The flag fluttered and the atmosphere filled with clouds was alleviated. Soldiers have made great achievements, and their achievements should be engraved on stones and passed down to future generations forever. Symbolism is used here, "Yang Hui" refers to Tang Jun's clear-cut battle, and "Fog of Atmosphere" describes the invasion of foreign enemies and is in a state of chaos. This is a tribute to the soldiers, and it is also an encouragement to the soldiers to work hard and make a name for themselves.
"The barren man wears clothes and the platform triumphs." Wilderness, border shortage. Yi Rong, the warrior. Lingtai, the name of the Zhou Dynasty. "The Biography of Huan Tan in the Later Han Dynasty": "There is a hall in the back." "The Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Wang Lang" records: "Tang Ming worships God and watches astronomy from the platform." This refers to the imperial court. The remote and desolate land only needs a humble person to protect it, and the court has already played a triumphant song. In the Tang Dynasty, Wei Town was surrounded by four barbarians, and only a few soldiers were needed to ensure the long-term stability of the country. In the heyday of Li Tang, as described in these two sentences, the border was peaceful and guests served everywhere.
The whole poem has lofty ideas, calm words, distinct levels and beautiful rhyme, which achieves a high degree of unity between artistic means and personal thoughts and sweeps away the glory and splendor of court poems since the Six Dynasties. It can be called the barren land of Tang poetry. As the saying goes, "If you want to give people a glass of water, you must have a bucket of water first". It is precisely because of his superb literary talent that Tang Taizong advocated literature as the supreme of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, and thus the peak of China's literary world-Tang poetry was born. The day of Laozi: "It is based on the inaction of saints and the teaching without words." Emperor Taizong personally, with graceful and incorruptible poetic style, promoted his politics of taking good advice, and finally achieved the great cause of the Tang Dynasty, shining on China, comparable to the "rule of pass the parcel" of the ancients.