1. Writing background.
In the winter of the second year of Tang Jingzong Baoli (826), Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang, passing through Yangzhou, and met Bai Juyi, who also returned to Luoyang after the strike in Suzhou. The same experience gave them the same language. During the dinner, Bai Juyi presented a song "Drunk to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu" to Liu Juyi to denounce Liu Yuxi's injustice for a long time. Liu Yuxi recalled the past and was deeply moved, so he wrote this poem as a reward for Bai Juyi.
2. Be familiar with reading perception.
Listening to the tape, students can read aloud freely, teachers can read aloud with examples, and teachers and students can feel the musical beauty of poetry together.
3. Combine reading with appreciation.
(1) Give full play to your imagination and feel the artistic beauty of poetry.
The first link: express your mind directly. It has been 23 years since Liu Yuxi took part in the political reform movement led by Wang, and his sufferings can be imagined. The rendering of the two emotional words "despair" and "abandonment" shows the poet's repressed anger.
Zhuan Lian: Two allusions are used to express the mourning for the murdered comrade-in-arms Wang, and "Rotten" is used to express the poet's sigh over the passage of time and personnel changes. The allusions are appropriate and have deep feelings.
Necklace: a famous sentence through the ages. "sunken ship" and "sick tree" are metaphors of the poet himself who has been relegated for a long time. The poem shows that although I am far from being degraded, there are still many younger generations. Why do you have to pity me alone? It shows the poet's open mind. This connection implies the development of society by borrowing the changes of natural scenery, which contains profound philosophy: new things will inevitably develop and will replace old things.
Tail couplet: the finishing touch, pointing out the significance of reward and gift, encouraging friends at the same time, reflecting the author's firm will and optimistic spirit. The word "Chang Qi" has profound implications and shows the poet's perseverance and perseverance.
(2) Taste the artistic features of poetry and feel the structural beauty of poetry.
A step-by-step approach is adopted in the poem. The first couplet tells the story of being demoted, which sets the tone for the whole poem. The couplet mourned his comrade-in-arms and wrote that he had returned to his hometown, which further deepened his resentment. The sudden vibration of the neckline changed the sad mood ahead and showed the poet's open mind. The last couplet goes with the flow and ends the whole poem with self-encouragement. The whole poem is concise and profound, full of ups and downs, angry but not shallow, affectionate but not deep, sad but not decadent, and unrestrained in depression, which can be called Liu Yuxi's masterpiece.
Third, learn Red Cliff.
1. Ask students to read aloud, and the author's depression should be revealed in reading aloud.
2. Combine reading with appreciation.
(1) What feelings does this poem express?
The author uses the stories of Zhou Yu and Cao Cao to express the anguish and injustice of poets and heroes.
(2) appreciate a sentence or two.
These two narratives, written about the reasons for their excitement, lament the figures and deeds of the former dynasty with the rise of an antique, and sink a broken iron halberd left over from that war into the underwater sand. More than 600 years have passed without being eroded by time, and now it has been discovered. After some polishing and washing, it was identified as a relic of Battle of Red Cliffs, which could not help but arouse "nostalgia". From this incident, the poet thought of the split and turbulent era in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the significant battle, and the main figures in the life-and-death struggle: Cao Cao and Zhou Yu.
(3) appreciate three or four sentences.
In these two comments, the author did not describe Battle of Red Cliffs's process and its political influence from the front, but put pen to paper from the opposite side, expressing his unique point of view: if the east wind had not given Zhou Yu convenience, Cao Cao might have won and history would have been rewritten. Then imagine the situation after Cao Jun's victory and Wu Dong's defeat, but do not directly describe the changes in the political and military situation, but only indirectly describe the fate that two Wu Dong Mingyuan will bear, so as to make a profound warning.
Fourth, reading notes for northern friends on rainy nights.
1. Writing background.
From the fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty to the ninth year of Emperor Xuanzong, that is, from 85 1-855, Li Shangyin worked as a secretary (equivalent to the current secretary) in the shogunate of Liu Zhongying, the Chinese ambassador to Dongchuan (now Santai, Sichuan). One day in the autumn rain, he received a letter from his friend (wife) in Chang 'an, asking when he could return to Chang 'an. A thousand miles letter from a friend (wife) aroused the poet's infinite emotion, and the poet leaned against the window to watch the rain and sang this poem.
2. Read and appreciate.
(1) How to understand the word "North" in the title?
The title of this poem may be "Night Rain Sends Inside", and "Inside" is Li Shangyin's wife. You can also understand "North" as a person from the north, who can be a wife or a friend.
(2) Feel the artistic beauty of poetry.
"Jun asked that the return date has not yet arrived, and the rain rises in the autumn pool."
These two sentences express the sadness that the author can't go home. At the beginning of the poem, there is an unavoidable contradiction. The hope of returning to China and disappointment in the future are opposites. Sorrow enveloped the whole article. On the surface, "it rains at night in the autumn pool" is an impromptu point. But this scene makes the sadness of not returning for a certain period of time more vivid and rich. A person in Bashan, a foreign country, autumn, late at night, rainy night itself is sad. In particular, the word "rising autumn pool", continuous autumn rain, filled the pool with water. The poet captured this beautiful and realistic picture and inspired the imagination of readers. It seems that what rises in the autumn pool is not autumn water, but the pain that the poet can't get rid of.
"When * * * cuts the candle at the west window, it talks about the rain at night."
These two sentences describe the poet's longing for future parties. The sentence "When to cut the candle at the western window", start writing, imagine the future from now, jump from Bashan to the north (Chang 'an), and write the poet's wish. "Dang" means "when will it be possible", and taking care of the first sentence "not yet" has both ardent hope and unpredictable melancholy. The fourth sentence is inherited from "* * * cutting candles at the west window", which is used repeatedly in the evening rain. Together with Cut the Candle at the West Window, it forms a warm and dynamic picture, which shows the poet's longing for returning home and deep feelings for "Jun", adding a sense of joy to the poem. Therefore, the joy of meeting again in the future reflects the pain of returning home in front of us.
Fifth, class summary.
In order to better understand the rich connotation of poetic art, directly explore its inner meaning and understand the author's subtle and profound poetic heart, we should deeply understand the beauty of poetic artistic conception. In this lesson, we focus on analyzing the artistic conception of poetry, hoping to help you understand the artistic conception of poetry in the future.
Sixth, assign homework.
1. Recite and write these three poems from memory.
2. Preview "Tour Shanxi Village" and "Crossing Ding Yang".
The third category
First, introduce new lessons.
Walking in ancient poetry, we like the rhythmic language, unique and fresh artistic conception and profound and meaningful philosophy in poetry. In the first two classes, we translated six Tang poems and enjoyed their elegance. Today, our teachers and students walked into the Song Dynasty Ancient Poetry Garden together, chanting "Keep your original heart and shine on history" with Wen Tianxiang, who is determined. Share the tranquility and joy of rural life with Lu You who knocks on the door with a stick. Let's discuss the poetry of Song Dynasty which advocates attaching importance to reason and interest.
Second, learn "Tour Shanxi Village".
1. Writing background.
Lu You retired and lived in Sanshan Town, Yinshan Jinghu Lake (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Of course, the poet's heart is indignant, and compared with the cheating officialdom, he will naturally feel infinitely gratified by simple living in his hometown. "Shanxi Village" in the poem refers to the village to the west of Sanshan Town. This poem describes the local customs, which is very interesting.
2. Promote speaking by reading, and enjoy while reading.
(1) What did the first couplet render? What does it show?
The first couplet presents a scene of peace and joy in the countryside in the harvest year. The farmers try their best to entertain their guests and show their simplicity and hospitality.
(2) What did Zhuan Xu write? What is the profound meaning of now?
These two sentences describe the scenery of mountains and rivers in front of us, the beautiful scenery with beautiful scenery and bright flowers, and the author's real feeling of walking on a shady road, confused and suddenly enlightened. These two sentences express the philosophy of ups and downs of things in the world, and difficulties often contain hope. It gives people lasting inspiration and has been told by people.
(3) China has the most distinctive folk customs. Please tell us the folklore reflected in the necklace.
These two sentences describe a pure and lively rural genre painting in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty. "She" is the land god. On the Spring Festival, farmers will offer sacrifices to the land gods to pray for a bumper harvest, play drums and flutes, and sing and dance. Moreover, the dress of farmers here is simple and simple, and ancient customs and habits are still preserved.
(4) How to understand the last two poems?
The poet is looking forward to having time to travel by moonlight and knocking at the door at any time with a cane. Not only did he write Lu You's wish, but he was reluctant to part with it beyond words, which showed that the author got along well with local farmers and fully revealed the poet's sincere feelings of infinite love for Shanxi Village and local farmers.
(5) What are the characteristics of this poem in writing?
The whole poem is closely related to the word "you" and narrated according to the passage of time, with distinct levels and vivid language.
Third, learn "zero dingyang".
1.
/kloc-in the first month of 0/279, the Yuan army left the Pearl River Estuary and attacked the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong), and Wen Tianxiang went out with it. The ship crossed the Zero Ding Ocean (Zero Ding Ocean is in the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong, and there is a Zero Ding Mountain in the nearby waters. The sea at the foot of the mountain is called dingyang. Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, forced Wen Tianxiang to surrender to Zhang Shijie, commander-in-chief who stood on the mountain. Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem with his last words to celebrate the festival, which he solemnly refused. Zhang Hongfan look at the poem, "but say' good man'! "Good poem!" I can't force it. "
2. Be familiar with reading perception.
Teachers model reading, call the roll to read, read the pain of worrying about the country and the pride of dying.
3. Read through and understand.
(1) What feelings does this poem express?
By recalling his difficult experience of resisting the Yuan Dynasty, the whole poem shows the author's pain of worrying about the country and the people, his lofty ambition of dying for the country, his integrity and fearless heroism.
(2) Appreciate couplets from the aspects of language skills, sentence meaning and emotion.
These two sentences, in the form of antithesis and figurative rhetoric, link the demise of the country with personal misfortune, vividly show the stormy political situation and express the poet's pain of worrying about the country.
(3) The last two poems are famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages. How do they express the author's feelings?
Throughout the ages, people are bound to die, die to save the motherland, and give up their lives for righteousness. A heart of Dan will go down in history and remain immortal. These two impassioned poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully embody his national integrity.
4. Expand your practice.
Wen Tianxiang refused to lower his salary, and he was a man of backbone. Can you cite Wen Tianxiang-style heroes and heroic deeds?
Yue Fei, a national hero, was loyal to his country and died in Fengfengge. Ming will Shi Kefa stick to Yangzhou city, refused to surrender, and finally died; Zhu Ziqing would rather starve to death than eat American relief food; Liu Hulan generously died under the enemy's hay cutter.
Fourth, class summary.
Our teachers and students * * * took a walk in the fairyland of ancient poetry, recalling the Thousand Rock Competition in these three classes, the mountains and rivers competed for each other, and the beauty of ancient poetry really dazzled us. We are honored to live in China, where there are many artists and poems everywhere. I believe you will cherish ancient poetry. In our hearts, she will always be the burning peach blossom still smiling in the spring breeze, the glow reflected in the sky and the eternal glory of the soul.
Fifth, assign homework.
1. Recite and write these two poems from memory.
2. Accumulate the representative poems of Lu You and Wen Tianxiang after class and recite them.
(Changchun No.1 Foreign Language Middle School Ma Lijing)
(3)
Teaching objectives
1. Be able to read and recite poems with emotion.
2. Taste the language and experience the artistic conception and feelings of poetry.
3. Cultivate students' love for China traditional culture and improve their cultural taste and aesthetic taste.
4. Emphasize reading, reading rhythm, reading weight and reading charm.
5. Taste the words and experience the subtlety of poetic language.
6. To understand the artistic conception and taste of poetry, you must have the ability to read and appreciate poetry initially.
Teaching focus
1. Taste the language and experience the artistic conception and feelings of poetry.
2. Cultivate students' love for China traditional culture, and improve students' cultural taste and aesthetic taste.
Teaching difficulties
Taste words and experience the subtlety of poetic language.
Class arrangement
3 class hours.
teaching process
first kind
First, introduce new lessons.
China is a country of poetry. As far as poetry itself is concerned, this literary pearl has infinite artistic charm. Generally speaking, poetry includes classical poetry, Yuefu poetry, regular poetry, quatrains, words, songs and so on. Poems with less metrical restrictions before the Tang Dynasty are called classical poems, such as looking at the sea. New metrical poems and quatrains in the Tang Dynasty are called modern poems, such as Spring in Qiantang River is a metrical poem and Lusu is a quatrain.
Rhyme, named after strict metrical requirements, consists of five-character metrical poems and seven-character metrical poems. Eight sentences can be divided into four pairs, and the middle two pairs must be paired, which is two pairs of sentences. Let's walk into the world of metrical poetry and experience the charm of metrical poetry.
Second, learn a mooring at the foot of Beibao Mountain.
1. Read the poem aloud.
Let the students read freely, and the teacher summarizes the requirements for guiding reading: (1) rhythm pause; (2) priority; (3) rhythm; (4) full of emotions. The language of poetry is full of rhythm. Therefore, we should pay attention to the division of syllables and priorities when reading aloud, and only when reading aloud can we cadence. Please read the poem aloud as required.
2. Introduction to the author.
The author Wang Wan, whose date of birth and death is unknown, only knows that he is from Luoyang and a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem was written by him during his time in Wu Chu. Beigushan, located in the north of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, surrounded by rivers on three sides, is a scenic spot.
3. Taste poetry.
(1) Grasp poetry as a whole.
This poem is the author's homesickness, mainly about what the poet saw and felt on the river in the morning. The author stopped at the foot of Gubei Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, intoxicated by the magnificent scenery under Gubei Mountain, and couldn't help but feel homesick, and wrote this famous piece that has been passed down through the ages. The first three lines describe the scenery and the last one is lyrical.
The first two sentences first write the terrain of Beigushan, which is divided into waterway and land. In the early morning, the author looked at the scenery seen on the river bank: the green hills overlap and the paths are winding; The blue waves rippled and the boat galloped away.
"Until the low tide, the two banks widened, and there was no wind to stir my sails alone." Write down that the tide rose aimlessly, the river widened, the wind was just right, the sails hung high and the sun rose. The author is in the green mountains and green waters, and has his own interest in it. "Broad" describes the momentum of the Yangtze River at high tide, and the water surface becomes broad. "Hang" reflects smooth sailing, smooth sailing. It shows the poet's broad mind and comfortable mood.
These two sentences "... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in the clear spring" capture the subtle characteristics of the rapid change of sunrise at sea and the turning point of spring on the river. Although it is the twelfth lunar month, Jiangnan is full of spring, and the poet personifies nature with "life", which is vivid and interesting. This shows that the poet's efforts in refining ci vividly express the interdependence between the old and the new, reflect the beginning of a new year, and also imply. These two sentences are popular poems.
At the end of the couplets, the scenery of the journey causes homesickness, attracting geese to send them to books, expressing the poet's deep affection for the trip and his homesickness. The poet pays great attention to the refinement of words and sentences, and the words "into the old year" and "birthday night" are accurate and concise, vividly and meticulously describing the moving scenery.
The whole poem is interrelated and integrated. The description of the scenery in the poem shows the poet's love for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Although the last sentence is about homesickness during the journey, there is no sadness at all.
(2) What kind of thoughts and feelings does this poem express?
The whole article is shrouded in a faint homesickness.
(3) Tell me about your understanding of "night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness".
The author regards "sun" and "spring" as symbols of new and beautiful things, personifies them with words such as "life" and "ru", and endows them with human will and emotion. The beauty is that the author has no intention of reasoning, but he has a natural interest in reasoning when describing landscapes and festivals. The sea is born in the dead of night, which will drive away the darkness; Jiang Chun, the "spring" of river scenery, will break into the old year and drive away the severe winter. It not only depicts the scene truly and accurately, but also shows the universal truth of life, giving people optimistic, positive and upward artistic inspiration.
4. Homesickness is one of the themes of China literature. Homesickness enriches our emotional world, and homesickness poetry enriches our literary world. Recite your familiar homesick poems.
5. summary.
The whole poem is fresh and smooth, full of emotion, and it is a masterpiece of homesick poetry in Tang Dynasty.
6. Appreciate homesick poems.
On a spring night, I smell the flute in Los Angeles.
li po
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
I heard "folding willows" in this nocturne. Who can't stand homesickness?
Third, learn Hope in Spring.
1. Read aloud-appreciate the rhythmic beauty of poetry.
Listen to the tape and ask the students to mark the rhythm and rhythm, and pay attention to the speed of speech.
Student model essay reading, teacher and student comments. Read the whole class together to deepen the experience.
2. Introduction to the author.
Du Fu, with a beautiful word, called himself Shaoling Yelao in his poems, and later called him Du Shaoling. Du Fu was born in a family of "observing Confucianism and officials". Grandfather Du was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was a magistrate in Fengtian County. Such a family has given him a certain cultural influence. Du Fu's creative process can be divided into four periods: the period of reading and traveling, the period of ten years in Chang 'an, the period of war and displacement, and the period of wandering in the southwest.
Du Fu, a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, left us more than 1400 poems. These poems, like a mirror, widely and profoundly reflect the true historical features of the Tang society from prosperity to decline before and after the "An Shi Rebellion". Since the Tang Dynasty, his poems have been recognized as "the history of poetry", and the poet himself has been regarded as a generation of poets and honored as a "poet saint".
3. Taste the whole poem.
(1) What is the main content of this poem?
You saw it in the first couplet of this poem. Chang 'an was destroyed by the rebels, and the losses were staggering. The rebels burned the palace, killing innocent people, and the people were in hot water. "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever", the mountains and rivers remain the same, and the world is completely different. After the autumn, Chang 'an is "full of grass and trees". Spring is beautiful, but Chang 'an in the war is covered with vegetation, which is terrible. The poetic image is vivid and the emotion is extremely painful.
Poetry couplets are written separately, and spring is written through "flowers" and "birds" "Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." When the poet saw the blooming flowers, he could not help but shed tears. I can't help but feel scared when I hear birds chirping.
The neckline of the poem is full of war, and the war continues. The poet is far away from his family. Because of the tense war, he felt that "a letter from home is worth a ton of gold". In that war-torn era, how rare and precious an ordinary letter from home is!
At the end of the poem, the feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness are always written, which depicts a typical artistic image. The poet's hair is as white as snow. He scratches his head frequently because of anxiety and sadness. This detailed description shows the poet's inner world implicitly and profoundly.
(2) "Petals flow like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows" is an eternal proverb. Where is the beauty?
Write flowers and birds, closely follow the poem topic, so as to express the poet's homesickness. Because of lamenting current events, I shed tears when I see pleasing flowers; Because I deeply hate parting, I was shocked to hear the sweet birds singing. The poet feels abnormal. Flowers and birds are usually recreational things. Seeing them makes you cry and smelling them makes you sad, which is enough to see the poet's inner sadness. Here, the poet used the method of contrast to put the sadness in the beautiful scenery, making it sadder and more beautiful, and being told through the ages.
(3) What are the writing characteristics of this poem?
In the way of expression, the whole poem is touching and empathetic, and the image description contains feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness, which is touching.
The artistic conception of poetic language is beautiful, "I caress my white hair." I have grown too thin to hold the hairpin any more. "I raise my hand and scratch my head to relieve my worries, but scratching my head to relieve my worries is even more worrying. Sparse short hair makes people feel old and adds a layer of sadness.
4. summary.
This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and the five methods are loud and clear, so it has been known for more than 1000 years.