1. Learn the text and cultivate the ability to appreciate ancient poetry.
2. Study taste and understand the expression of poetry.
3. Read repeatedly to understand the author's wishes and interests.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1. Grasp and understand the expression of poetry as a whole.
2. The cultivation of language sense and the study of poetry expression.
Teaching preparation
1. Multimedia: According to Tao Qian's "Drinking" (the fifth), it is a poetic painting with pictures from "Difficult to Go".
2. Recording of five poems.
3. Projection card: a card that introduces the author and his poems.
Design concept
To learn these five poems, students should experience the thoughts and feelings of the poems through repeated reading. We can pay attention to guiding students to understand the five works of this lesson by mastering the method of appreciating ancient poetry (like comparing different works of the same era, works of different genres or works of other writers of the same genre). Those excellent poems that express the theme of poetry should be written silently and used flexibly in Chinese practice.
On this basis, let students ask questions. There may be many questions: whether it is using words or poems, or about the background of the times, the author's situation and so on. Students should be allowed to speak freely. Teachers don't have to answer them one by one, but start the whole class to discuss and solve them first. Problems that can't be solved at the moment can be questioned or discussed in depth after class as the subject of research study. Then ask the students to talk or write something they feel.
Teaching methods: introducing the background and reading repeatedly; Associative imagination, comparative reading.
Learning methods: independent reading, discussion and inquiry.
Teaching time:
2 class hours.
teaching process
first kind
I. Introduction
design
China's poetry has a long history, which has been more than two thousand years since The Book of Songs. In the development of poetry, there have been many schools, and "pastoral school" is one of them. In the past, some poets were dissatisfied with the reality, retired to Shan Ye and fled to the countryside to express their feelings by singing natural scenery, especially rural scenery. This kind of poem is called pastoral poetry, and the poet who wrote it is also called pastoral poet. Tao Yuanming is the most representative pastoral poet in ancient China. He and Xie Lingyun, the earliest landscape poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, are called "Xie Tao". I heard it's delicious, so I might as well try it myself. Today, let's have a taste of the delicious poem Drinking by Tao Yuanming!
Second, solve the problem.
1. Tao Yuanming, the character is distinct, and what he said is obscure and clear. He is a descendant of Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He became an official three times, retired three times, and finally made up his mind to return to the fields. Under the background of the prevalence of metaphysics in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, his poems showed a new outlook on life and nature, opposed to treating the relationship between man and nature with an antagonistic attitude, emphasized the unity of man and nature, and pursued the harmony between man and nature. He wrote 20 poems on Drinking, and here is the fifth poem.
2. It is said that all drinking poems were written by Tao Yuanming after drinking, but the content of the poems written is not necessarily related to drinking, but expresses his hobbies. This poem was written 20 years after the author returned to the field (4 17). This poem describes his carefree seclusion in the country. Through the description of the immediate scenery, this paper explains the philosophy of "far from home" and expresses the author's comfortable mood and rich spiritual life in seeking fun in natural scenery.
Third, study the text.
1. Grasp the whole and clear your mind.
(1) Listen to five poems and record them again; Then listen to drinking, the pronunciation of words, the rhythm and stress of poetry, etc. Then the students read by themselves against the text notes, then listen to the second recording and read silently.
(2) Supplementary drinking precautions.
Noisy: A noisy sound.
② Jun: refers to Tao Yuanming. Suppose someone asks Tao Yuanming.
3. The mind is far from self-centered: a person's mind is far away from worldly entanglements, and the place where he lives naturally seems quiet.
4 identification: explanation.
⑤ Forgetting words: I can't think of any words to express them.
(3) The teacher read Drinking twice according to his own experience.
(4) Type out courseware and let students read the text many times.
(5) Guide reciting.
Recite on the basis of familiarity with reading and understanding. The whole poem has two levels: the first four sentences are one level. In other words, although the author lives in an environment where people come and go, he can't hear the noise of horses and chariots. How could he do that? It turns out that the mind is far away from worldly entanglements, so the place where nature lives seems quiet.
The following six sentences of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence" are the second level, written after "keeping your mind away from self-prejudice", which means that you can gain unlimited interest by enjoying beautiful natural scenery. Read the back along this understanding, and it will be easier for you to recite.
2. Text discussion.
(1) Understanding of some important words and sentences.
(1) Since we live in an environment where people come and go, why are there "no chariots and horses"?
Clear: The "noise of cars and horses" here does not refer to the noise of cars and horses that ordinary people usually go to work, but should refer to the "communication between the upper class". "No chariots and horses" means that the author alienated those chariots and horses who rushed to the secular world and looked down on power, status, wealth, honor and so on.
② Some versions of Looking at Nanshan are called Looking. Can you tell me the advantages and disadvantages of the two versions?
Clear: "look" is casual, "look" is staring. In other words, "looking" is a conscious gaze, and "looking" is an unconscious glance. The use of "Kan" accords with the author's interest in "carefree", but the use of "Kan" lacks the feeling of "carefree". So Su Dongpo also said: If it is "looking", this poem will become dull.
(3) How to understand the poetry of the sentence "I have a real meaning in it, but I forgot what I wanted to say"?
Clarity: these two sentences are obviously the summary of the whole poem: in this, we can understand the true meaning of nature and life, but we want to say it, but we don't know how to say it. In fact, this truth is not enough to be embodied in abstract and generalized logical language.
(2) Talk about the performance characteristics of this poem.
Clarity: Generally speaking, this poem is simple in language, exquisite in structure, lofty in artistic conception and profound in philosophy.
3. Appreciate taste.
(1) Taste of famous sentences.
(1) "Under the hedge of chrysanthemum picking, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. " These four sentences are famous for their scenery. Wang Shizhen said in "The Ancient Learning is a Thousand Dollars": "There are birds and flowers, occasionally opposite, two machines, naive and natural, not anonymous and outspoken, who can tell?"
(2) "Ask what you can do, but your heart is far from biased" and "There is real meaning in it, and you have forgotten what you want to say" are all famous sentences worth tasting.
(2) The structure and function of the last two sentences of the poem.
Clarity: The last two sentences of this poem are very important in the structure of the whole poem. It not only implies the deep meaning of the poetic image, but also leads the reader's thoughts back to the image, which is worth understanding and chewing.
4. Students ask questions about the discussion and the teacher summarizes them.
What was Tao Yuanming's mood at that time can be seen from the first four sentences of the poem Drinking?
Inquiry learning:
The first four lines of the poem are: "Building a house is in human condition, and there are no chariots and horses. When you ask what you can do, your heart is far away from yourself. " I live in a inhabited place, but I can't hear the noise of cars and horses. This was really not easy to do at that time. From feudal society to today, power, status, wealth and honor are often sought after by people. "The world is bustling, all for profit; The world is bustling, all for profit. " This has become a common phenomenon. Only the author is an exception. So I asked the third sentence: "How can I ask you?" This is indeed a surprising and concerned issue. As a result of self-answer, the fourth sentence is better: "The heart is far from being biased." My mind is far away from the social officialdom for fame and fortune, from the secular world, and from the cars and horses running around the secular world, so my place has become quiet.
The author has just retired from officialdom, and the joy of getting rid of filth in his heart is beyond words. He is gratified by his right choice, and his mood is of course comfortable and happy.
5. Classroom training.
(1) Recite drinking in class. Let the students feel the whole poem again. )
(2) Master the method of appreciating poetry step by step.
Clarity: to appreciate, we must first understand the literal meaning of poetry; Secondly, use association and imagination to reproduce the picture or image described in the poem; Then grasp the artistic conception created by poetry. At the same time, we should appreciate it from the aspects of content, expression and writing skills in order to gain our own feelings.
6. Class summary.
(Print slides. )
This poem is mainly about Tao Yuanming's own leisure life in seclusion in the countryside. He left the dirty officialdom and felt very peaceful, because his heart was far away from worldly entanglements. He planted flowers and picked chrysanthemums freely, occasionally looked up at the beautiful scenery of Nanshan, and felt that his life was very leisurely, which fully expressed his dislike of official life and his love for rural simple living.
Fourth, it is difficult to study by yourself.
1. Solve the problem.
Difficult to Go is an old topic in Yuefu Zaqu. This poem was written by Li Bai when he left Chang 'an in Tianbao Sanzai (744). The difficulty in writing about the world in poetry reflects the poet's intense depression, frustration and injustice after political setbacks. At the same time, it shows the poet's stubbornness, self-confidence and persistent pursuit of ideals, and shows the poet's powerful spiritual strength in trying to get rid of depression.
2. Read poems together and explore learning.
(1) In the poem Difficult to Walk (I), which actions reflect the author's inner feelings at that time?
The actions that can fully reflect the author's inner feelings are mainly in the first four sentences of the poem. The first and second sentences are about wine and food. Anyone who sees such fine wine and delicacies will have an appetite, let alone an author who is famous for drinking! but
But the author picked up the glass and pushed it away, picked up the chopsticks and put them down, pulled out his sword and looked around, which made him feel at a loss. The four continuous movements of "stop, throw, pull and care" reflect Li Bai's extreme depression and emotional ups and downs.
(2) Are "crossing the Yellow River" and "going to Taihang Mountain" in Li Bai's poems realistic? Why does the author feel this way?
"I will cross the Yellow River, but the ice will choke the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow" is unrealistic in the poem. These two poems are inherited from the previous one. At that time, the author was very depressed. He was called to Beijing and was lucky enough to get close to the emperor. When his official career gradually came back to life, he could not be continued by the emperor and was "rewarded", which made it difficult to see the light of day. He felt that this situation was like trying to cross the Yellow River but being blocked by ice. If you want to climb Taihang Mountain, you can't climb it because of the heavy snow. Therefore, "Sichuan Ice Jam" and "Snow All over the Mountain" have their symbolic meanings, symbolizing the difficulties and obstacles on the road of life and the bleak future, which makes the authors extremely miserable.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
Recite these two poems. Write "drinking" silently.
Second lesson
First, study and analyze "The Hut Was Blown by Autumn Wind"
1. Solve the problem.
This poem was written in August of the second year of Shang Dynasty (76 1). Chengdu Caotang was built by Du Fu on the edge of Huanhuaxi in Chengdu after he entered Shu. The poem depicts the scene that the house was broken and wet in the autumn wind overnight, which shows the author's feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
2. Read the poem aloud, pay attention to pronunciation, read the rhythm and stress of the seven-character poem, and read the feelings expressed in the poem.
3. Question words.
(1) function words.
A moment: time adverb, a moment.
Xiang: adverb, gradually.
Ann: interrogative pronouns, why.
Alas: exclamations, alas.
(2) Content words (flexible use).
To darken (adjectives as verbs).
Wind and rain: wind and rain (noun as verb).
4. The whole poem is meaningful.
(1) The autumn wind broke the house-miserable
(2) The group of children hugging Mao-sadness
(3) Sleepless nights-mourning
(4) Keeping out the cold in Guangsha-a wish
5. Ideological content.
Describe your chaotic, miserable and desolate life, and reflect your feelings of making the poor in the world happy. From yourself to others, it is touching.
6. Appreciation.
This poem can be divided into four parts. In the first section, five sentences are written about the scene of the autumn wind breaking the house. "Howling" describes the strong wind, "tumbling" and "triple" describe the heavy suffering. "Triple" means "multiple", not an exact number. The following verbs, such as "flying", "sprinkling", "hanging on the stomach", "floating" and "sinking", write down the situation that the thatch is blown by the wind in detail, so it is not difficult for readers to understand the poet's anxiety and pain.
There are five sentences in the second quarter, which are written about the exclamation of "children holding hair" "Nancun group of children bullied me for being old and frail, and even had the heart to be a thief in front of me! Openly holding the thatch into the bamboo forest to go, until it still doesn't work, I have to sigh back. " "Eternal Sigh" can not only imagine the poet's panting situation, but also peep at the poet's helplessness in lamenting the group of children holding grass and the broken house. These five sentences write children from psychology to action, and write themselves from action to psychology. In a few words, the characters are physically and mentally hurt.
In the third season, eight sentences were written about the miserable situation of broken houses and continuous rain. The phrase "for a while" not only shows the gloomy and dark scene before the rain, but also sets off the poet's sad mood. The word "cloth" has been used for many years and has become as cold as iron and trampled by Joule. "Bedside" two sentences, write the disaster brought by the rainstorm to the poet's family. The phrase "Bai Jing" shows that since the Anshi Rebellion, the poet has been worried about the country and the people for a long time, not to mention "getting wet all night". How can he stay up until dawn? The poet stayed up all night, thinking, from this time to chaos, from the stormy hut to the country and people, paving the way for the following.
In the fourth quarter, six sentences express the poet's good wishes and noble sentiments directly. In the difficult situation of broken houses and leaking houses, the poet reached the interpersonal level from near to far, from small to large, and lost his "self" when he thought of the "poor human beings" who suffered from chaos and were displaced from place to place, and shouted for the suffering people in the world, sending out strong voices like Huang Zhong and Lu. Guangsha, Thousand Rooms, Great Shelter, The World, Everyone is Happy, The Wind and Rain Don't Move Like a Mountain. What a bold and powerful pen, what a magnificent and profound image, and what a magnificent voice. Three consecutive sentences form a surging momentum, which just shows the poet's unrestrained passion, fiery desire and broad mind. The poet, still wanting more, made a step forward in the cycle and sublimated himself and others into self-sacrifice and saving others: "Alas! Suddenly I saw this house in front of me, and I froze to death alone! " What a deep expectation! Show the poet's noble feelings of giving himself up for others and dying without regret to the fullest. This is the theme of the whole poem, and it is also the most touching and attractive place.
7. Artistic features.
The whole article focuses on revealing reality, and the end shines with ideal light. It is a famous article combining realism and romanticism.
8. Summarize.
The author of the whole poem writes truthfully according to the reality of real life, so that readers can truly feel the poet's pain. organization
Materials, layers of in-depth, can not help but say their wishes, make the finishing point, do the same.
Second, enjoy a song in Snow White and Tian Shuji Wu Farewell Home.
1. Solve the problem.
Look at the title and introduce the characteristics of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty.
2. Learn the text.
(1) Listen and read aloud to identify the rhythm.
(2) Teachers and students read aloud with clear rhythm.
(3) Study: communicate with each other in groups of four, and write down the difficulties.
(4) Teachers and students should interpret, discuss and correct together, so as to eliminate writing barriers.
(5) Taste appreciation.
(1) "Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees." Why are these two poems about snow?
The teacher's summary after the students' discussion: "Suddenly, it's like" writing about the beautiful scenery after the snow. The flying snow is huge, and overnight, the snow presses the branches. The word "suddenly" shows the magic of the weather change in the frontier fortress and conveys the voice of the poet's surprise when enjoying the snow. It is very touching to use spring flowers as a metaphor for winter snow. Snow presses the branches, like snow-white pears, not only one by one, but also a mass, and the branches are low. A silvery white world, in the author's eyes, has become a bright spring, giving people the feeling that it is not the cold after snow, but spring. People call it "rejuvenation with wonderful hands", which is an eternal famous sentence praising snow.
(2) "And our frozen red flag can't fly in the wind" is a frontier fortress?
After the students discussed, the teacher concluded that it was dusk and it was snowing heavily when the guests were sent out of the military gate. I saw a strange sight: although the wind was blowing hard, the red flag on the Yuanmen did not move-it had been frozen by snow and ice. This vivid and unusual detail once again vividly describes the extremely cold weather. The bright red on the white snow background, the warm and cold colors on the screen are more naive and cold compared with the whole realm. It can be seen that everything shows that this is a border jam of ice and snow.
What kind of feelings does this poem express?
The discussion is clear: this poem is magnificent, vividly described and full of verve. It describes the unique and strange scenery of the Tang dynasty, and expresses the poet's infinite melancholy caused by the departure of his friends. In the poet's pen, the ice and snow frontier fortress is extremely cold and unbearable, and the gloomy clouds are bleak and melancholy.
3. Students read the whole poem and recite it.
Third, read by yourself.
1. Appreciation.
The first two sentences of this poem describe the scenery: watching the sunset touched the author's infinite sadness of parting, not only from his family, but also from the imperial court. The poet's whip pointed east to the ends of the earth, showing his great determination to resign. However, resigning from public office does not mean giving up his ideals, nor does it cut off his emotional entanglement with the court. The last two sentences of the poem are the image embodiment of the author's loyalty to the monarch and love for the people. The last two lyrics use metaphors, comparing them to resignation, comparing spring mud to ordinary people, and comparing China to the imperial court. The implication is that although I resign, I will still care about the future and destiny of the country.
There is love and scenery, love and scenery, and the scenery blends.
2. summary.
Reading ancient poems requires accurate pronunciation, proper pause, reasonable stress, and reading out the feelings and momentum of the works. Reciting ancient poems should grasp the works as a whole, and on the basis of understanding the contents, structure and author's thoughts of the works, read them repeatedly and carefully understand the author's subtleties. On the basis of understanding the works, we should deepen our understanding of the works in the process of reciting.
Fourth, homework
Recite five poems.
1. Tao Yuanming: Both the Book of Jin and the Book of Song called him the great-grandson of Tao Kan, and later generations also expressed doubts about his statement. Zu Mao, a former satrap of Wuchang. Father Yi was once a satrap. In the 18th year of Taiyuan (393), he served as Jiangzhou wine offering ceremony, and in the 3rd year of Yuanxing (404), he joined the army as the general of Zhenjun and Jianwei. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was appointed as the magistrate of Pengze County for 8 1 day. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of reality, he was unwilling to bow down to Wudoumi and abandon his official position and return to the field. A Lang called to find a job and said that the disease was not enough. Today, there are more than 120 poems, most of which were written after his retirement. The most famous prose is Peach Blossom Spring, which conceives an ideal kingdom without exploitation and oppression. Biography of Mr. Wu Liu is an autobiographical work. The word "come home to Xi" describes the reasons for seclusion and the comfortable feeling after seclusion. Endowed with "sensitive person Fu", it exposes the deepest drawbacks and lashes the most powerfully. Pastoral poetry is the highest achievement. His masterpieces, Five Poems of Returning to the Garden and Twenty Poems of Drinking, show his hatred of the dark society, his love for rural life and his praise for natural scenery. "Twelve Miscellaneous Poems" shows the positive thought of not losing elegance and encouraging in time. Articles such as Ode to Jing Ke, Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas, Jingwei Biting the Micro-wood, etc., are full of literary talents and full of indignation and generosity. His works also reveal our negative thoughts of being rational, eating, drinking and fickle. In art, there are both bold and unrestrained features and quiet and light features, and the latter can best represent its artistic style. His poems are sincere and sincere, with long artistic conception and simple language, which can be said to be unique when metaphysical poems ruled the literary world of Jin Dynasty. His personality and writing style are out of date, so he is not valued by the world. There is no comment on Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, and Zhong Rong's Shi Pin only lists it as a domestic product. Xiao Tong, as the first person to pay attention to Tao poetry, began to compile eight volumes of Tao poetry, and made a preface for it. However, the Tao poetry selected in Wenxuan was not as many as that selected by Xie Lingyun. Since the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu have attached great importance to it. In the Song Dynasty, it was paid more attention by scholars. In Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian evaluated Tao Wei as "the first person in the Six Dynasties".
2. Difficult to Walk is selected from Li Baiji's Collating Notes by Li Bai (70 1-762), and the word is too white, so he is a famous violet layman. His ancestral home was in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now near Tianshui, Gansu), and his ancestors moved to Central Asia at the end of Sui Dynasty because of crimes. He was born in the broken leaves of Central Asia. At the age of five, he followed his father to Qinglian Township, Zhangming County, Sichuan Province. Li Bai roamed the whole country when he was young. He once went to Chang 'an to worship the Hanlin, but he was soon dismissed. In his later years, he drifted to the southeast and finally died of illness in Dangtu. Many of his poems strongly criticized the dark reality at that time, deeply cared about the safety of the current situation, loved the mountains and rivers of the motherland, sympathized with the lower class, despised the secular and despised the dignitaries; But it also often reveals some negative thoughts of drinking and seeking immortality and indulging in pleasure. He is good at drawing nutrition from the people, with rich imagination, unrestrained style and magnificent colors. He is a great romantic poet in the history of China literature after Qu Yuan. Existing works include The Complete Works of Li Taibai, with more than 900 poems.
3. Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and his ancestral home was Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). A great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. When I was young, I roamed Wu Yue Qi Lu. At the age of thirty-five, he went to Chang 'an for an official, and lived for ten years without success. The Anshi Rebellion trapped Chang 'an, the poet fled to Fengxiang, retired to see Su Zong, and the officials left to clean up the mess. Because of his outspoken advice, he changed to join the army in Huazhou Sigong. Soon, the official was abandoned. When Yanwu was re-appointed as our special envoy in Sichuan, he was appointed as our staff officer and Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Industry. Later, he took his family out of Shu, wandered around Hunan and Hubei, and died on the way. Du Fu was born in a feudal scholar-bureaucrat family, and lived in the era of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty. He is loyal to the monarch, patriotic and active in the world, but his official career is frustrated and he suffers setbacks and disasters, so he can understand and sympathize with the people's sufferings. His poems express personal feelings, often closely combined with current events, with profound thoughts and broad realm, which have strong practical significance and profoundly reflect this era, and are called "the history of poetry" by later generations. Du Fu creatively played the functions of various poetic styles, developed the realistic tradition of China's ancient poetry creation, enriched and improved the artistic expression forms of poetry reflecting real life, and formed a unique style of "depressed and frustrated".
4. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems are selected from the complete works of Gong Zizhen. Gong Zizhen (1792— 184 1) was born in Renhe, Zhejiang Province in the Qing Dynasty. Modern thinker and writer. Daoguang nine years (1829) Jinshi. At the age of 48, he was pushed out by the authorities for advocating reform and graft, resigned angrily and returned to the south. He is good at poetry, prose and ci, and is proficient in Confucian classics, philology and history. The article is vertical and horizontal, and it is a family. The writing style is unique, implicit and passionate, the objective description has profound implications, the poetry is magnificent and extraordinary, and the achievements are remarkable. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems ***3 15. Many poems about homesickness and allegory were written in the year of Jihai, that is, the 19th year of Daoguang (1839). This year, the author angrily resigned and returned to the south, and then went north to see his family. On the way back and forth, he wrote 3 15 miscellaneous poems, named Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems. Select one of them.