Goethe and Rilke both had a profound influence on Feng Zhi's poetry creation. Goethe's influence is mainly reflected in Feng Zhi's early poems, and his romantic thoughts have influenced Feng Zhi's emotional expression and image construction. Inspired by Goethe, Feng Zhi began to explore philosophical themes such as nature, humanity and universe, and formed his own unique aesthetic view.
Rilke influenced Feng Zhi's later poetry creation more. By learning from Rilke, Feng Zhi gradually moved towards the writing direction with unconventional poetic expression as the main direction, and strengthened the exploration and experiment of poetic language. This change in Feng Zhi's poetry creation is also closely related to his friendship with Rilke.
Feng Zhi's different understanding of poetic principles or some poetic theories in the two periods before and after, as well as the embodiment of this understanding in specific poetry creation, reflects that he naturally chose "lyric poetry" in the way of considering the relationship between poets and the world, in the attitude of knowing the world, from "separation" to "integration", in the way of observing and grasping the world, from "emotion" to "experience" and finally in expressing the world.
The horizontal comparison between Rilke's and Feng Zhi's poetry texts further explains Feng Zhi's various manifestations influenced by Rilke in his poetry creation practice. This is not only reflected in his reference to the poetic form of "Sonnet", but also confirmed the important enlightenment that Gan got from the key poetic themes such as "loneliness and communication", "loneliness and patience" and "death and change" in Rilke's poems.
In a word, the literary thoughts and artistic styles of Goethe-Lee and Rilke had an important influence on Feng Zhi's poetic creation process, which helped Feng Zhi to form his own poetic style and artistic view.
Feng Zhi's The Way of University
The research method of "making foreign things serve China" Feng Zhi called his method of "making foreign things serve China" "absorbing foreign nutrients" in his creation. This formulation itself shows that the subject of "making foreign things serve China" is China, and "making foreign things serve China", as the creative subject of China people, is acceptable and willing to be accepted by China readers. Feng Zhi's main academic works, Biography of Du Fu, On Goethe and other academic papers he wrote all carried out this spirit.
He made it clear that "we study foreign literature not for research, nor for foreigners, but for the needs of China. The fundamental purpose is to provide reference for the development of socialism. " When he was the head of the department of western languages in Peking University, he carried out teaching reform and revised the teaching plan many times. He emphasized two points every time: first, students of western languages department should lay a good foundation of foreign languages; second, students of foreign literature should learn China literature well.
Feng Zhi's viewpoint that "people who study foreign literature should understand China literature" is very distinctive. It not only embodies the fundamental principle that foreign languages and literature in China should serve, but also conforms to the discipline law of language and literature integration.
A rigorous and realistic style of study. For writing a thesis, there is a popular idiom in academic circles, which is called "there must be a reason for what you say". It expresses that writing articles should be based on evidence and logic, which is probably the requirement of "rigor". But I think, just acting according to this sentence is far from meeting the scientific requirements, because these two conditions only explain the subjective requirements of the author when writing an article, and do not suggest that the written article should be objective.
However, if there is "seeking truth" in addition to "rigor", it will ensure that what is said in the article should be objective or as close as possible, so as to be called scientific requirements. Feng Zhi's research work is done in accordance with the two requirements of "rigorous and realistic". We can see this attitude from his two major works, Biography of Du Fu and On Goethe.