Which dynasty was Meng Jiao a poet?
Meng Jiao (75 1-8 15), a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Wu Kang, Huzhou (now Deqing County, Zhejiang Province). His ancestral home is Pingchang (now Linyi County, Dezhou, Shandong Province). He lived in Ruzhou (now Ruzhou, Henan) and lived in seclusion in Songshan in his youth.
Meng Jiao made two attempts to become a scholar. He was a scholar at the age of forty-six, and once served as a county commandant in Liyang. Unable to realize his ambition, he wandered among fairies and wrote poems. Even the official business was wasted, and the county magistrate changed a fake one. Later, due to the recommendation of Henan Yin Zheng Qing Yu, he worked in Henan (now Luoyang, Henan) and spent most of his later years in Luoyang. In the ninth year of Xian Zongyuan, Zheng Yuqing once again recruited him to join the army in Xingyuan House, but took his wife to Kanxiang County (now Lingbao, Henan Province), died of sudden illness and was buried in Luoyang East. Zhang Ji called himself "Mr. Yao Zhen" in private.
Meng Jiao's official history is simple, and his life is cold. He is stubborn in Geng Jie. After his death, Zheng Yuqing bought a coffin for burial. So poetry also writes about the indifference of the world and the suffering of the people. There are more than 574 existing poems in Meng Jiao, among which the most are short five-character poems, and the masterpiece is Ode to a Wanderer. Known as the "poet's prison", it is also as famous as Jia Dao, and is called "Jiaohan Island Thin".
1, life experiences early life
Ting Xuan's father, Meng Jiao, was born in the suburbs when he was a lieutenant in Kunshan County. Han Yu's Epitaph of Mr. Yao Zhen says that Meng Jiao's ancestral grave is in the east of Luoyang, which should be the place where his family lived earlier. His father, Meng Tingxuan, is a governor in Kunshan and a small official. Both biographies in the Book of the Tang Dynasty say that Meng Jiao lived in seclusion in Songshan, Henan Province in his youth, but the time and details of this experience are unknown.
From the first year of Jianzhong (780) to the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), that is, from the age of 30 to 40, Meng Jiao witnessed the changes of the Henan buffer region at that time, wrote poems for Lu Yu's newly opened mountain house in Shangrao, Xinzhou, and later sang with the poet Wei in Suzhou. From the Central Plains to the south of the Yangtze River, my whereabouts are uncertain, and there is no other occupation to describe except writing poems.
Middle-aged Jinshi
In the seventh year of Zhenyuan (79 1), Meng Jiao was forty-one. He paid tribute to Jinshi in Huzhou, his hometown, and went to Beijing to be a Jinshi. Zhenyuan eight years, the first. It was probably in this exam that he got to know Li Guan and Han Yu. According to the legend of Old Tang Book, Meng Jiao was "lonely, and Han Yu thought he was carried away". Both of them have an unconventional personality, which is the cornerstone of their engagement. Meng Jiao is seventeen years older than Han Yu, and his ability to write poetry is equivalent to that of Bill Han. However, his fate was bumpy and his career was numerous (ji m: n). Therefore, he won the praise of Han Yu and became a famous poet of this genre. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, Meng Jiao took the exam for Jinshi and won the first place again. In the 12th year of Zhenyuan (796), Meng Jiao was 46 years old. She came to take the exam for the third time at her mother's behest, only to get the first place in the Jinshi exam, and then returned to the East to comfort her mother. In the thirteenth year of Zhenyuan, he lived in Bianzhou. In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, he met his friend Li Ao in Suzhou and then crossed the mountains and rivers. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), he served as the governor of Liyang. At the beginning of Yuan Hechu, he was engaged in land and water transportation in Henan, trying to understand Lolita and settled in Luoyang.
In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan, Meng Jiao was fifty-one. He went to Luoyang at the behest of his mother and was elected as the county commandant of Liyang (now Jiangsu). In the eighteenth year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu wrote "Preface to Send Meng Dongye", saying: "The battle of Dongye is also in the south of the Yangtze River, and some people will not release it." Being a county captain is very contrary to his wishes, so he can't perform the duties of a county captain. Not far from Liyang City, there is a place called Tou Jin Se (Lai), and there is also Ping Ling City, where there is a beautiful forest to disperse fog and water at the foot of the mountain. Meng Jiao often went swimming, sat by the water, wandered around and wrote poems, leaving Cao Wu deserted. So the county magistrate reported to the superior, asked someone to be a county captain for him, and gave half of his salary to that person at the same time. Meng Jiao was extremely poor and resigned in 804 in the twentieth year of Zhenyuan.
Old age life
In the first year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (806), Yinzheng Qing Yu was appointed as a land and water transportation worker in the outer corner of the suburb, trying to become a lawyer. Since then, Meng Jiao has settled in Lidefang. Only in this way can his life become richer and he can avoid hunger and cold. However, he soon suffered the loss of his son.
In the ninth year of Yuanhe, Zheng Yuqing was the original sound of Xing, and played Meng Jiao as Xing's aide, trying to comment on Dali. Meng Jiao was ordered to set out from Luoyang. On August 25th (AD 865438+1September 4th), he died of a sudden illness in Ganxiang County, Henan Province, at the age of 64. Kan Lin lived all his life, but behind him was depression. Han Yu and Fan Zongshi held funerals for them, and Zhang Ji suggested that Mr. Yao Zhen be a private wife, but for some reason, he didn't compile his works. The Song Dynasty's Chongwen Mu Zong contains five volumes of Meng Jiao's poems, but this is not the end of the book. It was compiled by Qiu Min in Song Dynasty and became ten volumes of Poems on a Winter Night in Jade.
2. Literary characteristics
People once called Meng Jiao and Han Yu "Han Meng Poetry School", mainly because they were curious about ancient times and wrote more ancient poems. But Meng Jiao's works are mostly short sentences and five-word old sayings, and the language is carved but not gorgeous. He is good at combining strangeness with Gu Zhuo, such as Han Yu's so-called "hard words, appropriate words" ("Recommended Scholars"). And Han Yu's seven-character ancient style is the most distinctive, magnificent and magnificent. Their poems are full of strength, but Han Yu's strength is unrestrained, while Meng Jiao's strength is restrained. He learned more about the tradition of five-character ancient poems in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. As Li Ao said, "Suburb is a five-character poem, and since Han Li (Ling), Su (Wu) and Jian 'an scholars, since the Southern Dynasties, they can be both men and women" ("Book Zhang Servant Shoots Xuzhou"). Therefore, compared with Dali and Zhenyuan poets, he is closer to the character of Han and Wei dynasties; Compared with Han Yu and Li He after him, he retained more traces of Dali and Zhenyuan's poetic style. This does not mean that Meng Jiao just blindly imitated the poetic style of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. While studying the art of ancient poetry, he also has his own distinctive characteristics.