How to write modern poetry and how to make a poem?

Poetry is a literary style, which focuses on expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings. But feelings are not poetry. From feelings to poetry, there is a concrete externalization process. This externalization process is not only the image construction process of "image harmony", but also the artistic conception creation process of "harmony between thinking and environment". Whether a poem is poetic or not depends on whether it has beautiful and ingenious images. Whether a poem has a unique charm depends on whether it has an aesthetic mood of blending scenes. Image and artistic conception are two terms often used by poets and critics when writing poems. However, several authoritative writing textbooks, such as Writing published by East China Normal University Press, Advanced Course of Writing published by Wuhan University Press, and even a fairly authoritative New Draft of Writing, all show such a situation: emphasizing the creation of artistic conception, emphasizing the creation of artistic conception. Some even did not put forward the concept of "image" in the whole chapter. For well-known works, it is normal for viewers to be attracted and infected by the "artistic conception" in the works. In other words, it is understandable to emphasize the artistic conception of works from the perspective of literary history or appreciation. However, writing textbooks do not specifically reproduce literary historical facts or appreciate works, but let students master the necessary writing theories and understand the basic writing rules of common styles. Practice the writing skills of common styles. In the writing of common styles, poetry writing is difficult for teachers to teach students, and it is also the most terrible, especially the "poems" carefully created by many students. In the eyes of experts, they are not poetic, and a simple conclusion is "unlike poetry"! Where does poetry come from? What is the key to writing poetry? What is the relationship between artistic conception and image? In this article, we will discuss these issues-once discussed, it is inevitable that one school of views is biased, please correct me. In general textbooks, the focus of poetry writing lies in the creation of artistic conception, and the beauty of artistic conception makes poetry full of charm. In my opinion, the focus of poetry writing should be the combination of images, clever choice, natural combination, and natural artistic conception is unique. In the final analysis, the choice of image should be the first in poetry writing, and artistic conception is an integral connotation after the whole poem is written. Whether a poem is beautiful or not depends on whether it has meaning, which comes from artistic conception. From poetic flavor to poetic beauty, it is actually the excavation process from image to artistic conception. Without image, artistic conception will become passive water and rootless wood. In the process of poetry creation, the poet always has a particularly touching feeling about a certain phenomenon in life and obtains the first image, which often becomes the core image to be produced in this poem. From the specific writing practice, there are two ways to write general poems: one is to have emotional thoughts first, and then use things skillfully, which is called materialization of emotional thoughts; The other is that the poet foresees something in his eyes and then expresses his will by holding it, which is called emotionalization of things. Whether the image is penetrating and sublime depends on the efforts of "materialization of emotion" and "emotionalization of things" If things and I can be integrated, it will be wonderful. If things and I are separated, it will be difficult for readers to sing. It is better to pay attention to capturing delicious and perishable images. Image is not the patent of modern poetry. Si Kongtu, a poetry critic in the Tang Dynasty, said: "Imagination is natural and strange." (Twenty-four Poems) Hu Yingli also said: "The beauty of ancient poetry is to seek images." It can be seen that image art is the tradition of China's poetry, and creatively carrying forward this tradition is the conscious aesthetic pursuit and artistic tendency of contemporary poets. It is a unique image created by objective images through the poet's emotional activities. It is a concrete artistic image with more subjective colors and different from the original state of life. Images generally appear in two forms in literary works, namely, single images and whole images. Single image is the most basic artistic image in literary works, and the whole image is an organic whole picture composed of a group or a series of images. Also known as image system. For example, the "dead vine", "old tree" and "heartbroken man at the end of the world" in Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si are all single images, and people often regard this image as a part of a larger realm. They can't leave the whole. If they leave, the single image will lose its original meaning. For example, once "Dead Vine" left, "Kuteng" lost the sad color given to it by this Sanqu. Therefore, in this sense, Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" has only one overall image. Image is the focus of poetry writing. Image is the soul of poetic art. With image, there is poetry. Without heart, there is no poetry. Therefore, poetry writing should avoid both intentional images and unintentional images, such as a poem "Diligence" published in a journal. It can be said that there is no deliberate image: "Genius is accompanied by diligence/success is connected with diligence/don't expect luck/don't wait for tomorrow/let nature take its course. This is the creed of lazy people/grasp life, which is the motto of diligent people." This kind of poem is just straightforward in general philosophy, lacking concrete symbols, ignoring images and not talking about images. Therefore, it is really bad to use such a small motto as "Pride makes people lag behind, modesty makes people progress". Gorky put it well: "True poetry, even if it is slightly philosophical, is always ashamed of things that specialize in reasoning." There is another situation that is unintentional. There is a poem that says: "A smooth mirror/reflects the image of an object/reflects the smiling face of a girl/reflects the eyes of an old man." Others shouted shrimp: "bending over is by no means a respect for people." I don't know the meaning of sustenance and lack poetry. At best, it is only an explanation of the unique form of things, which tastes like chewing wax. It is actually a superficial work without profound significance. Therefore, if there is an image or an intention, it is superficial or ignored. Meaning is the theme of poetry and the core of artistic conception. This kind of meaning is not the meaning of idea, but the meaning of interest. That is, after emotions are materialized, you can see the "meaning" that you can hear and feel. It is the "image" after emotional thinking. The idea is noble and ingenious, not vulgar, and the image is simple and close to the people, but not too obscure. This scale is really difficult to grasp. Therefore, ancient Fei Jingyu said: "Poetry is as expensive as shallow, but not as expensive as deep." Therefore, poetry should have a new meaning in the description of very ordinary objects, so that people can understand it at a glance. However, it is memorable. This is the weight, Han Han has already commented: she put her bloody head on the balance of life/made all the survivors lose weight. The balance of a life weighs the proportion of Zhang Zhixin's violent life, and highlights the unique shock of her death, which is more important than Mount Tai. The contrast between a person and all the survivors. " Although the system is small, it can win with extremely strong emotional content. As the saying goes, "less wins more." It is also based on the theme of the mirror. The example cited in the last article has no image, but Li Xiuyan's "mirror" jumped out of the natural attribute of the mirror, expanded imagination and association, and had a higher and deeper idea: "The mirror of history is the fairest/if you are afraid of it/throw it, it will break-/it will become thousands of pairs of eyes ..." Linking the natural attribute of the mirror with human history, we can extract from the image of the mirror that' history is a just judge. Another example is Lin Lan's sonnet Umbrella: "When you open your heart to others/others are thinking/how to hold your handle" and a football written by a student: "I thought I was slick/I didn't want to be kicked by others. "Everything is vivid, but the meaning is faintly visible. The images in these poems have reached the goal of" the unity of things and me "and" the agreement between mind and things ".The choice of images is the first step, and the combination of images is the second step. Image combination refers to the phenomenon or image of objective things that trigger the author's inspiration, and the author captures the main image. On this basis, he further mobilized the accumulation of life, expanded imagination and association in the form of "spiritual objects", made subjective thoughts and feelings intersect with various objects and images in objective life, gradually reached unity, and sketched out the context of the whole poem. Create the artistic realm of poetry with harmonious meaning and environment. The combination of images must focus on the creation of poetic artistic conception, which is determined by the characteristics of poetic artistic expression. The so-called artistic conception refers to an artistic realm produced by the combination of images describing the life scene of the work and blending with the poet's aesthetic feelings. It is a whole image, which can induce and develop rich aesthetic imagination space. In other words, artistic conception is an advanced form of image. It is also the aesthetic crystallization of the specific application of typical literary principles in poetry creation, which enables readers to gain a broader artistic world through imagination and association in taste. Therefore, in the layout of image combination, the author should concentrate sincere, strong and healthy thoughts and feelings in the limited picture of life, so that the works are intriguing and poetic, and the image combination creates artistic conception. In the final analysis, it is the blending of scenes. A good poet can make the artistic conception of "feeling in the scene, feeling contains the scene". For example, in Li Bai's Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou, an old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Sailing alone, the blue sky is like washing, but the Yangtze River is flowing. This poem has a series of individual images, such as the Yellow Crane Tower, fireworks, solitary sails and the Yangtze River. These images are combined to form a realistic picture of hidden feelings in the scene, although it is often more expressive and profound. In the poem, there is no direct expression of attachment to friends, but the image of a poet disappears in a lonely sail and stays by the river for a long time to express deep affection. On the surface, this poem is about scenery, but actually every sentence is lyrical. It is true that all landscape words are sentimental. Artistic conception comes from images and can be reasonably fabricated. On this basis, the artistic conception naturally has the conditions of reality and reality. When images form a complete artistic structure in some way, the images entering the poem often produce new whole and new content because of mutual containment and interaction. The last lines of He Zhu's Jade Case are: "A stream of smoke, full of wind and rain, plums and yellow rain. "When these three images form such an image structure, the aesthetic effect of this image structure is the process of its artistic conception from reality to nothingness. The poet thinks that the absence of a lover is like a lost spring day, which makes him more mixed feelings and full of worries. Here and now, leisure and troubles are like endless tobacco, like sheep flying all over the city, like dripping Huang Meiyu, so sad and confused, so concentrated in front of him and unable to disperse ... However, this is not enough. To truly grasp the artistic conception of poetry, it is very important to carefully analyze the combination of images in poetry. This also reminds us that only if the structural combination of images is clever can we provide a dreamy artistic conception. This is because excellent poetry has its explicit or implicit structure. For poets, it is this structure that combines irrelevant and even contradictory images, thus forming a rich side. Convey the poet's thoughts and feelings. As far as readers are concerned, we understand the poet's thoughts and feelings by analyzing the framework of image combination. Therefore, for beginners to write poetry, repeatedly emphasizing the creation of artistic conception is abstract and empty from the beginning, and it is even more difficult to implement. Poetry writing should avoid both intentional images and unintentional images. It is possible to write poetic works with images, and there is no poetry without images. It is impossible to form a beautiful artistic conception unless it is organically integrated with the image combination with deep feelings. Writing poetry is a creative process from image to artistic conception, and evaluating poetry is also a process from evaluating surface images to exploring deep image combinations, so as to understand the poet's thoughts and feelings from the outside to the inside. The beauty of poetry is more reflected in the artistic conception formed by the combination of images, which is also the main reason why many poetry critics repeatedly strengthen the artistic conception.