In fact, all poetic images can be roughly divided into social images and natural images, mainly including plants, animals and natural landscapes. One is social image, which mainly refers to the image of people or things, including artificial image, human behavior, quality, allusions and so on.
Homesickness is the eternal theme of poetry, especially in ancient times when traffic was inconvenient. The ancients either went out to be officials, made contributions on the battlefield, or were relegated, especially when traditional festivals came, everything around them affected the homesickness of the wanderers.
1. Social Image Group:
Boat: Generally speaking, the poem is about "a lonely boat", and the ancients often said "a boat is tired", which shows that land and water are important modes of transportation in ancient times. Therefore, a vagrant usually leaves home or goes home by boat. It is conceivable that a wanderer in a foreign country can't catch up with the boat returning home, and his homesickness naturally surges. In addition, the ship gives people a sense of drift. When a ship leaves a ship, the water is boundless, which is more and more different from people's smallness. Such as: "a lonely boat with a small moon, still crossing the night alone." (Liu, "Sending Meng Haoran in Late Autumn") "There is a breeze on both sides of the strait, and the sails are across the moon." (Meng Haoran, "From Tonglu to Yangzhou").
Mashing clothes: It is one of the main duties of ancient women to care about the warmth and coldness of their families and sew clothes for them. They have enough time to miss their relatives far away when they are doing the repetitive work of smashing clothes. The monotonous and long anvil sound helps to get rid of the troubles of the outside world, and the mind is single-minded, which plays a role in condensing and strengthening the feelings of missing. It is precisely because of these reasons that the action of beating clothes and the related sound of cleaning the anvil have become one of the most common images under the theme of "thinking about women" in classical poetry, such as: "I am tired of beating clothes, and I feel deeply blocked." (Du Fu's "Yi Dao") "Flying, outside the anvil, forever and ever." (Song? At the same time, the sound of the wind sending the anvil has also become a realm. Listening to the ubiquitous sound of smashing clothes, wanderers will naturally think of their loved ones at home. For example, in the third paragraph of Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge in the Tang Dynasty, "A bright moon hangs high in the capital, and ten thousand hammers wash it. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! ? "
Biography of the Book of Jin. According to legend, Hans Zhang of the Jin Dynasty was an official in Luoyang. Seeing the autumn wind, I thought of the delicious "Cuojiang Ji" in my hometown, so I resolutely abandoned my official position and returned to my hometown. Since then, the idiom "thinking in a pinch" has been used to express homesickness. Later, literati used "Chuigeng Road" and "Chuilu Qiu Si" to refer to homesickness. Such as: "Worship the hometown of sea bass, with long taste and fragrant Yanshan Ouhai. I feel a little tears in front of my eyes. I want to try raw fish. " (Ma Xingye "Thank Mr. nan huaijin for his umami")
Double carp: carp refers to a letter from the poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave" written by Han Yuefu: "Guests come from afar and leave me with double carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. "
Longshang: There are water and trees on Longshang, and people are homesick. (Weng Shou's "The Song of the Cross Blowing Song")
Mulberry: It refers to my hometown. "I hope to return to Mulberry when I am alive, and I will grow up when I die." (Cai Yan, "Eighteen Beats in Hu Jian")
(2). Natural image group:
Moon: The moon has been endowed with rich connotations for thousands of years, but the most common and representative significance should be homesickness. From Li Bai's "Thinking of a Quiet Night": "The foot of the bed is bright, is there frost?" . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " After this poem was handed down from generation to generation, the moon became synonymous with homesickness and nostalgia. Another example: "He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is so bright! "(Du Fu's Moonlit Night Remembering Brothers) Because the moon shines all over the world, there is a circle and a gap, it can be used to describe the gathering of relatives and friends, and the result is satisfactory; The lack of a moon can be compared to the separation of relatives and friends, and things are not satisfactory. For wanderers, whether it is a lack of moon or a full moon, it is endless melancholy and homesickness. Su Shi's When is the Bright Moon? : "People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine. This matter is ancient and difficult, and I wish people a long time. " Sometimes, in order to express their feelings better, poets will add some modifiers in front of them, such as: waning moon, Leng Yue, Su moon, Jiang Lou moon, cloud moon, water moon and so on.
Sunset: China is an agricultural society. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "work at sunrise and rest at sunset". The rhythm of life, so the sunset has the meaning of urging the ancients to return [2], so the sunset is the easiest to touch the wanderer's heart, such as: "When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world." (Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si) Sunset, sunset, afterglow, dusk and twilight are all nicknames or their derivatives.
Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south, which often leads to homesickness and sadness for wanderers when traveling. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of the Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People return to yan zhen and think before spending." I had the idea of going home long before the flowers bloomed. But when the geese returned to the north, people had not returned home. There are also thoughts written by geese, such as "I feel homesick at night and miss my illness during the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu's Answer to Yuan Zhen), "When the stars are off, the flute leans against the building" (Zhao Wei's "Looking at the Autumn in Chang 'an" in the Tang Dynasty), and there are also letters referring to Hongyan. For example, "finally I can send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang." (Don Wang Wan's "The next berth on the North Fort Mountain", "The geese don't answer me, and the rivers and lakes are full of rain" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the end of the sky"), "Shuo Yan is absolutely legendary, and Xiang Yan has many tears." (Li Shangyin's Lisi). He also wrote Loneliness, Sorrow, The Lonely Goose, Hong Fei and so on.
Rhododendron: also known as Rhododendron, Purple laurel, Shu bird and Rhododendron. Legend has it that Du Yu, the king of Shu, became a cuckoo after his death. Under the influence of legend and homesickness of Shu people, it gradually became synonymous with homesickness [3]. Because the cuckoo's crow seems to say "it is better to go home", it is also called "the bird that urges home", which is very easy to touch the homesickness of wandering wanderers, such as: "It is almost cold to eat grass in the rain, and the wheat seedlings are windy. When there is no home, the cuckoo will stop crying in his ear. " (Anonymous Miscellaneous Poems)
Castle Peak: Castle Peak is often used as a symbol of hometown, such as: "Castle Peak has the same cloud and rain, and the bright moon has been in two townships." (Wang Changling's "Send Wood to the Palace Que") "Pedestrians think of the autumn wind infinitely, and the green hills across the water are like their hometown." (Tang? Dai Shulun's "Governing Sichuan Landscape")
Moonbird and Huma: Moonbird and Huma are also strong and persistent homesick theme images, which first appeared at the beginning of Nineteen Ancient Poems written by scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Go again, and leave you a lifetime ... Huma follows the north wind and crosses the south branch of bird's nest. The days are far away, and the clothes are slow. " Another example is: "The more birds love the south branch, the more horses are pregnant with the north wind." (Xiahou Zhan's "Night Listening Fu") [3]
Partridge: The cry is like "I can't live without my brother", so it is very easy to arouse people's melancholy and reluctance to travel. For example, "The autumn dusk is vast and the grass is bright, and the partridge is far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo smells the partridge") and "The night river is full of sorrow.
Floating clouds: use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as: "floating clouds cover the sky, and wanderers ignore it." (Nineteen ancient poems) "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset." (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off")
Ape crow: "far from the water, crying apes hurts the guest's feelings." (Li Duan's "Fujian Fubajiang Night Ape")
The cicada sings: "The wind is ringing every day, and the autumn sound is delivered at midnight. Hometown guests go home and walk alone by the water. " (Zhao Wei's "Wind Cicada")