Hermit's detachment and freedom.
Most ancient poets have the ambition to serve the country and keep the country safe, but the reality is often unsatisfactory. When many poets are frustrated, they feel that the world is not satisfactory, and influenced by the carefree philosophy of Taoism, they attach their feelings to mountains and rivers and yearn for a clean and uncontested life, so chrysanthemum has the image of a hermit. There are many such poems, such as: Meng Haoran's Passing through the Old Village, "Prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me at your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I will come back in chrysanthemum time. " In this poem, chrysanthemum is a portrayal of the life of a hermit who is far away from the secular and narcissistic, and it is also the embodiment of the poet's high standard of leading an honest and clean life.
Chrysanthemum is called "Hermit in Flowers", which is mainly attributed to Tao Yuanming, a famous hermit and pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to reports, Tao Yuanming did not want to stoop for Wudoumi and return to his hometown when he served as pengze county's envoy. He retired to the countryside, lived a life of "knocking on the soil to amuse himself", pursued the true nature of his temperament, and became a hermit model in the minds of later literati. He loved chrysanthemums very much, used their elegance and stubbornness to hold his own gentleman's day, and wrote many famous sentences about chrysanthemums. Famous sentences such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" and "forgetting things here, leaving me on earth" are classics in chrysanthemum-chanting poems. The poet combines emotion, scenery, reason and interest, and the reader seems to have witnessed the unrestrained mode of a sincere and quiet free man, the idyllic joy of Tao Ran, and felt the beautiful realm that is natural. He also wrote in the poem "The Book of the Republic of China": Fang Jukai Lin Yao, Song Qingyan Guanju. With this chastity and beauty, she stands out in Frost. The poet spoke highly of "Jie Xia under the Frost" and encouraged himself with this chrysanthemum character and temperament. Later generations respected Tao Yuanming as Mr. Jing Jie because of his reclusive character of not being greedy for glory.
If Tao Yuanming's literature on chrysanthemum chanting mostly stays on the description of the shape and function of chrysanthemum, then from Tao Yuanming, the literature on chrysanthemum chanting gradually turns to praise and praise the internal quality of chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum's noble and unyielding character is consistent with the lofty and indifferent characteristics of traditional literati's ideal personality, and it has become a fixed symbol of hermit culture, and chrysanthemum has also become the embodiment of hermit. Tao Yuanming's allusions, such as "Ling Tao, Li Dong and the man in white sent wine", are also integrated with the chrysanthemum image.