The development of Dongfeng diesel locomotives can be traced back to the 1950s. At that time, diesel locomotives began to spread rapidly around the world, and China also began to embark on the road of internal combustion of traction power and the development of domestic diesel locomotives. In 1956, the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Railways formulated the "Twelve-Year Railway Science and Technology Development Plan", proposing that the transformation of traction power is the focus of railway technological transformation, and that steam locomotives should be gradually transferred to electric locomotives and diesel locomotives. Beginning in the same year, the Rolling Stock Science Research Institute of the First Ministry of Machinery Industry began research on the subject of "Systematization of Design Data for Diesel Locomotives"; China and the Soviet Union further signed a technical cooperation agreement to assist China in the development of diesel locomotives. The Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory established From October 1956 to December 1957, two groups of technical personnel were sent to the Soviet Union to inspect and learn diesel locomotive design and manufacturing technology. After the inspection team returned to China, the Dalian Factory established a diesel locomotive design group in the autumn of 1957. Fu Jing, a Chinese locomotive design and manufacturing expert, was the permanent team leader. They decided to start the development of a new electric drive diesel locomotive based on the Soviet Union's TE3 diesel locomotive.
In February 1958, the State Science and Technology Commission officially assigned the Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory the task of trial-producing mainline diesel locomotives. At that time, there was no complete set of drawings and reference materials available. There were only a small amount of technical information on the TE3 diesel locomotive provided by Soviet experts, and a few pictures of the American Fairbanks-Morse Company 38D8? marine diesel engine (Soviet 2Д100 diesel engine is a copy of this type of diesel engine) drawing. In addition to Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, Dalian Steel Plant, Dalian Instrument Factory, Dalian Diesel Engine Factory, Dalian Institute of Technology, Dalian Naval Mechanical School and other units also participated in the trial production task. On June 20, 1958, all employees of Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory held a swearing-in meeting and set the goal of manufacturing the first diesel locomotive before the National Day of that year. The trial production of the metal structure of the car body began on June 29 of the same year, and the assembly of the center beam of the car body was completed on July 13. The steel structure of the car body of the first locomotive was completed on August 15, and the assembly of the first diesel engine was completed by the end of August. On September 26, 1958, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory trial-produced two 2,000-horsepower mainline diesel locomotives and named them "Julong" diesel locomotives (car numbers 0001 and 0002), becoming China's first electric transmission mainline locomotives Diesel locomotive.
The Julong diesel locomotive is a mainline freight diesel locomotive with DC electric drive. It is composed of two 2000-horsepower diesel locomotives with the same structure. It uses an imitated Soviet 2Д100 two-stroke medium-speed diesel engine as the power unit. At midnight on September 29, 1959, the Dragon-type locomotive set off from Dalian and arrived in Beijing in the early morning of October 1; on National Day, then Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Defense Peng Dehuai personally boarded the locomotive to inspect and listened to the instructions of the locomotive's chief designer Fu Jing Chang’s report on the locomotive’s structure, performance, design and trial production process. During the National Day in 1959, the Julong locomotive was exhibited at the Beijing Exhibition Hall together with the pioneer locomotives of Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, the satellite locomotives of Qingdao Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, and the Shaoshan locomotives of Zhuzhou Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, and participated in the exhibition in December of the same year. The second national industrial transportation exhibition. On November 12, 1959, Guo Moruo, then vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, wrote a poem to congratulate him: "The lightning is rushing in front of you, and the giant dragon is chasing the satellite. The first sparks are seen in Shaoshan. On this day It has set the prairie fire ablaze.” In March 1960, the Dragon locomotive conducted a traction operation test between Dalian and Dashiqiao on the Shenyang-Dalian Railway. Subsequently, the Dragon locomotive was assigned to the Beijing Diesel Locomotive Depot of the Beijing Railway Bureau for operational testing. During the Great Leap Forward era in the late 1950s, various locomotive manufacturers launched a craze to "strive for the production of internal combustion locomotives." The diesel engines used were high-speed, medium-speed, and with different powers, and they were all in the exploratory stage of trial production research. Due to the hasty launch, these types of locomotives were deficient in performance and quality, and could not be finalized and mass-produced. Faced with this situation, the Ministry of Railways has determined the policy of "developing both high-speed diesel engines and medium-speed diesel engines, as well as electric transmission and hydraulic transmission". Since 1959, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory and Dalian Thermal Locomotive Research Institute have jointly conducted a series of tests and improvements on the Dragon locomotive. At the end of 1960, the Ministry of Railways required the Dalian Factory to improve and trial-produce the 2Д100 diesel engine and ND diesel locomotives on the basis of the Julong locomotive, and required that all parts must be produced by the factory itself or use products from other domestic factories in order to Ensure product quality and meet mass production requirements. At that time, the scientific research department proposed to imitate the latest model 12Д70 3000 horsepower four-stroke diesel engine from the Soviet Union's Kharkiv Transport Machinery Manufacturing Plant. However, the Ministry of Railways considered that China's weak industrial technology foundation at the time was too difficult to develop, and the 2Д100 model The diesel engine is relatively mature and has a prototype and a complete set of design drawings, so it can be launched quickly. It was finally decided that the Dalian factory would copy the 2Д100 diesel engine.
In 1961, the Dalian Factory completed the locomotive finalization and drawing rectification based on the TE3 diesel locomotive drawings provided by the Soviet Union, and decided to reduce the installed power to 1,800 horsepower to ensure the durability and reliability of the diesel engine. sex. At the end of 1962, the first 10L207E diesel engine trial-produced by the Dalian plant was assembled. By 1963, two other 10L207E diesel engines were produced and successfully passed the 100-hour reliability test.
At the same time, a joint design team composed of Harbin Electric Machinery Factory and other factories, based on the electric transmission system of the TE3 locomotive, trial-produced a domestic electric transmission system, including a 1,350-kilowatt DC main generator and six 204-kilowatt DC generators. Traction motor. The Ministry of Railways has designated the improved Dragon locomotive as an ND diesel locomotive ("N" and "D" represent diesel locomotives and electric transmission respectively, and are the abbreviations of Chinese pinyin). In December 1963, the first ND locomotive (ND-0003) was trial-produced at the Dalian Factory and underwent trial operation from the end of December of the same year to mid-January of the following year. In September 1964, the Dalian Factory trial-produced the second ND locomotive (ND-0004).
In December 1964, the 10L207E diesel engine completed the 1,000-hour endurance test. After being appraised by a committee composed of the Ministry of Railways and relevant units, the Ministry of Railways approved this type of diesel engine to be put into mass production. In March 1965, the Ministry of Railways instructed Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory to stop the steam locomotive repair business, and in June of the same year, it switched to mass production of ND diesel locomotives. By the end of the same year, 20 locomotives (ND-0005~ND-0024) had been produced. ). In August 1966, the ND locomotive was renamed Dongfeng diesel locomotive. Since then, the production history of China Railway's electric drive diesel locomotive family named after "Dongfeng" began. Since the Dongfeng type locomotive is the first model of the Dongfeng series diesel locomotives, it may be mistakenly called "Dongfeng Type 1", but the Dongfeng Type 1 is not an official name.
Dongfeng diesel locomotives began to be put into mass production in 1965. Until the suspension of production in 1972, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, Chengdu Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, and Datong Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory produced 704 units. Dongfeng type locomotives (including ND type locomotives, excluding 2 Dragon type locomotives). Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory produced 585 units from 1963 to 1972, and Chengdu Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory produced 24 units from 1968 to 1972. The locomotive numbers of the Dalian and Chengdu factories were mixed, and the locomotive numbers ranged from 1201 to 1830. , there may be an empty number in it. Datong Locomotive Factory completed the trial production of one unit (1232) in December 1965. Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory produced 94 units from 1970 to 1974 (2001-2094). In 1966, after Dongfeng diesel locomotives were put into use on the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway in northwest China, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory began to try to install supercharging devices on Dongfeng locomotives. The purpose was to solve the problem when non-supercharged Dongfeng locomotives were used in plateau areas. As the altitude increases and the atmospheric pressure decreases, the output power of the diesel engine and the traction of the locomotive decrease, as well as the combustion deteriorates and black smoke is emitted from the exhaust. In 1967, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory installed two 65GP100 exhaust gas turbochargers on the diesel engine for the first time on the newly built Dongfeng No. 1305 locomotive, and conducted a real vehicle operation test in the plateau area. During the test, the performance of the locomotive was excellent. Good, nothing wrong with the diesel engine or turbocharger. The test results show that supercharged locomotives have relatively high power when used in plateau areas. On a long slope of 12‰, the top speed of a general Dongfeng locomotive is about 20 km/h, while a supercharged locomotive can reach 25 km/h. /hour or so.
In September 1969, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory trial-produced a diesel locomotive named Dongfeng Zeng type (Dongfeng 0001) based on the experience of using Dongfeng No. 1305 locomotive, and in 1969 it was used in the plateau area The operational test is completed. This is a main line freight diesel locomotive that is supercharged and strengthened based on the Dongfeng type locomotive. The overall structure of the Dongfeng expanded locomotive is basically the same as that of the Dongfeng type locomotive. The locomotive is mainly improved to use a 10L207EZ diesel engine that has been enhanced with two-stage supercharging. It adopts a new combined regulator to fully utilize the power of the diesel engine, and improves the main generator and traction motor. rated power, and a resistance braking device is added. Dongfeng's expanded locomotive only produced one unit on a trial basis and has not been put into mass production. In 1972, in order to meet the need for internal combustion traction power of passenger trains, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory designed and manufactured passenger locomotives based on Dongfeng locomotives. Dongfeng No. 1651 and No. 1657 were the first two passenger diesel locomotives to be modified. The main renovation projects of the passenger locomotive include changing the gear transmission ratio of the traction motor from 4.41 to 3.38, increasing the structural speed of the locomotive from 100 km/h to 120 km/h, deepening the magnetic field weakening coefficient of the traction motor, and changing the system. The braking magnification of the dynamic system. In early 1972, the Ministry of Transport's Locomotive Group organized several operating tests to conduct traction tests and operational assessments on the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Beijing-Baotou Railway; during the full test of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, a double-section locomotive towed 15 passenger cars from Beijing It set off and arrived in Guangzhou in 32 hours and 47 minutes, stopping at 15 larger stations along the way. The maximum test speed reached 125 km/h. The test results show that the two locomotives have good performance and reliable operation, and can meet the needs of towing passenger trains. However, the disadvantages are that the constant power speed range is small and the wheel peripheral power is low during high-speed operation.
In the same year, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory began mass production of Dongfeng Type 3 mainline passenger diesel locomotives based on the test results of Dongfeng Type 1651 and 1657 locomotives. By the time production was discontinued in 1974, a total of 225 units had been produced. (Dongfeng 3-0001～0225).
Chengdu Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory produced another one (0226) in 1981. The two factories combined to produce 226 Dongfeng Type 3 locomotives. Since the Dongfeng Type 3 was actually a transitional product produced to cope with the shortage of passenger locomotives, it only appeared as a passenger locomotive from the 1970s to the mid-1980s. Later, with the widespread popularity of Dongfeng Type 4, ND2 and Beijing diesel locomotives And was eliminated from the field of passenger transportation. Since 1985, most of the Dongfeng Type 3 locomotives have been transformed into Dongfeng type locomotives in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Railways.